Features, unhu, sangano masangano mari chikwereti muRussia

Credit zvoupenyu mari ukama ane zvinoita zviri yezvakaita oparesheni. Nyaya kutengeserana inoshanda kodzero kushandisa mari. Zviri nyore, nokuti kwenguva yakatarwa kuchinja tenzi mari. Naizvozvo, sangano rezvemari chikwereti masangano ane pachake zvachiri.

duality

Finance chikwereti masangano, kurutivi rumwe rutivi kushandiswa unotiranga, uye pane dzimwe - vane macroeconomic nechirevo. Mabasa nemasangano zvakadaro chokuita turnover mari iri upfumi, kuona kutsiga zvoupfumi masangano. duality Izvi zvinoita kuti tibvunze kuti zvimwe zviri mari anomukweretesa masangano.

pamutemo hwaro

Finance chikwereti Masangano muRussia dziri yakaumbwa pachishandiswa Federal Mutemo "On Banks uye Banking Basa". Credit sangano iri repamutemo, ndiko kuti purofiti kuburikidza pakutevedzera dzakatevedzana remapazi of Central Bank rezinesi. Chisiri muridzi anogona kuva chero.

Mutemo anopa pakusikwa nezvemarudzi maviri masangano: nemabhengi asiri kubhengi masangano. The Bank ane chete kodzero kukwezva deposits kubva kuruzhinji uye nomutemo masangano kuti govera mari pamusoro mashoko muripo uye mutsividzo, kuchengetedza nhoroondo, kuti kwema pamusoro kutengwa uye kutengesa kuchengetedzeka, uye zvichingodaro. D. Non-webhanga sangano anekodzero tiite chete chikamu pamusoro mashandiro.

State chengetedzo

Mutemo wakadzikwa risingamboshandisi kukura guta mvumo kubhengi panguva musi pakunamata kushanda kuti vaverengwe. Ndiye rubles mamiriyoni 300. The Bank of Russia zvakare anoita kunonyanyisa kukura asiri dzibvise mipiro uye mazita zvinhu kuti anogona zvakonzerawo guru mvumo. Kunyanya, bhengi racho guru hazvigoni kuumbwa tichiregeredza zvikwereti kubva nemamwe masangano. Moderator mamiriro vanofanira kuramba kuchinja mumakore matatu okutanga kushanda. Central Bank rave yakatangawo dzinoverengeka mitemo, mutemo unoti vose pamusika vechikamu. It hunodzorwa shoma uwandu pachake mari, padanho solvency uye liquidity.

reallocation mari

Finance zvemari chikwereti sangano pokuita redistribution mari panguva makro uye micro mumatunhu. Banks mutsai mari kubva kuvanhu uye mabhizimisi masangano, uye ipapo kuzvishandisa kuti kwema vari pamusika mari.

urongwa

Banks kuchengeta mari yokupira masangano uye hurumende. Munguva dzenhamo, kunyange mari ichaita vachatambura. Naizvozvo, mabhengi chimiro reserves nokuda kwezvikwereti pamusoro rubatso mu kwema pamwe Central Bank inofanira zvaitambidzwa nhoroondo controller.

Zviratidzo mari anomukweretesa nemasangano

• Vakasununguka Kuraswa yesangano mukati pamutemo waakaudzwa pakunogumira.
• Kukura uye mutsividzo - mari dzichiiswa kwenguva pfupi kushandiswa kwenguva imwe nguva.
• Paid - nokuti kushandiswa guru zvakakodzera kubhadhara mubereko.
• Riskiness - vari vaifarira kuvhiya shoma ngozi, izvo zvinogona kuunza refu zvabuda.
• Fanira zvaidiwa dzakabudirira mitemo inodzora kutsiga chikwereti masangano.

Kupiwa zvechadenga mari mbiri masangano, noukama mari inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikwata zviviri. The inotaura wekutanga mufambiro mabasa nemasangano ezvokutengeserana (rwezvemabhengi mabasa), uye wechipiri - pamwe chaizvo wegadziriro rose. In nemabhengi akaramba mari, vanoita vanozoshanda pakati pehurumende uye vanhu, uyewo pokuita kuchengetedzeka pamusika mabasa.

hurongwa sangano

MuRussia, maviri weDanho rwezvemabhengi hurongwa. Finance chikwereti nemasangano decentralized. Izvi imhaka mamiriro pamusika ukama. Free zvebhizimisi zvinopa hurumende ichiisa mari kuburikidza chikwereti masangano. Uye izvi zvinofanira kudzorwa, nekuti mabhanga vanoshandisa zvavo kwete chete, asiwo akamutsa mari, kusanganisira kubva kuhurumende. Central mabhanga munyika yose inogona kuonekwa vanozoshanda pakati pehurumende uye upfumi. Ivo nokubatanidza zvinhu nechikwereti masangano uye hurumende masangano.

Zviga nokushanda Bank of Russia

Central Bank of pamutemo dzakasimbiswa Constitution uye yeUnited mutemo iwoyo zita. At Dare sandara, chikuru basa iri regulator ndiko nechokwadi kutsiga National mari. Mutemo yeUnited iroro kuti masimba mabasa chokuita asiri unotiranga nekuti haibatsiri haisi chinangwa chikuru.

regulator masimba vakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri. Chokutanga chokuita mabasa paruzhinji mashandiro (kudzora mari mutemo), uye wechipiri - pamwe Implementation rwezvemabhengi kwacho. Mhanya First vakasununguka, uye wechipiri - panguva isingachinji unodiwa.

Capital uye zvose enzvimbo Bank of Russia ndiyo chikamu yeUnited hurumende, asi sangano riri kuonekwa nomutemo uye mari akazvimirira. Chokutanga ezvinhu anodiwa basa usapinde negwaro. Financial rusununguko ndechokuti Bank of Russia haangavi nemhosva nokuda nokubatira mamiriro uye zvose remapazi ayo nemari tisingatungamirirwi.

Pashure kufarirwa pagore nhoroondo hafu Bank mari hwakatamisirwa batana bhajeti. Chikamu yasara inoendeswa provisioning uye nheyo. Mitero remapazi anoitwa zvinoenderana NC, kunze vaya chokuita nehurumende murau.

chikwereti Masangano Finance Organization

Yezwi pamusika upfumi akachinja nemamiriro guru mari masangano. Nhasi, kwainyanya mari iri nyasha nokururama, kukwezvwa kubva pamusika mari. Mugore yaiona-murayiro upfumi, pemahombekombe 'guru rakaumbwa tichiregeredza ehurumende mari. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvozvo zvakawedzera uwandu zvigadzirwa akauya. Banks vakatanga kugamuchira zveminda uyewo RZB, kubva pakuvhiya vane simbi, mari, anoreva nhema, factoring, forfaiting kwema.

Sangano rezvemari anomukweretesa masangano ari kukwezva mari kwenguva pfupi vakasununguka uye panguva iyoyowo kwanisa zvekuvaka zvinodiwa vemo uye zvoupfumi masangano. Saka, muna maumbirwo Bank zvinhu zvinogona kupatsanurwa:

• pachake mari: mugove guru, reserves, inokosha mari uye mubereko;
• munataisireva - ndiyo mari kubva pusa akavhiyiwa (mutengi deposits) kuita basa akavhiyiwa (anomukweretesa).

Kubhengi wacho purofiti

Kukosha zvinhu nesangano kunokanganisa Vhoriyamu kwema. With yezwi pamusika upfumi akachinja unhu guru. Sangano rezvemari anomukweretesa nemasangano ndechokuti Tingawaneiko ikozvino kwete chete chinangwa chikuru, asi chinokosha munzanga chakarurama. Kuvapo kwake uye kukura vari chokuita zvinodiwa akasiyana yevatengi:

• Tingawaneiko nokuti shareholders Nde chinoratidza profitability;
• vashandi - mukana mubayiro nokuti unhu basa;
• nokuti anokwereta zvakaoma kukura ndiko kuwedzera zvekuvaka nechigadziko uye mukana kuwana chikwereti zvakawanda zvakanaka mashoko.

Kubhangi kuti purofiti rinowanikwa sezvo musiyano mari akavhiyiwa uye mari Implementation yavo, zviri utariri midziyo. Mari, kunyanya kufarira pamusoro zvikwereti, mazai mari kugarwa, mari kwema securities, mari, anokosha nesimbi, zvinovimbisa kushandiswa, twa zvakanaka, anoreva nhema, Advisory mabasa, uye zvichingodaro. D.

By zvekushandisa akavhiyiwa inosanganisira mari inobhadharwa kuti bhajeti kwemitero, mubereko pamusoro deposits, murayiro pamusoro zvikwereti interbank, mubhadharo mabasa correspondents, mari kwema securities, mari, nesimbi dzinokosha, paumbwe reserves, tigutsikane utariri midziyo.

utariri

The zvemari Masangano pane zvimiro zviviri upfumi kushandiswa. Vanosarudzwa mari (mari) achibvumira shareholders kushandisa kudzora kufamba mari. Nokuda hapana ndiri mari, mabhengi vanogona kuwedzera bazi pomumbure kuti vawane Os kukurudzira vashandi wokuita parudo.

Kuwedzera pfuma yezvokutengeserana sangano chero kubudirira kuwedzera zveminda uye rutapudzo kuti mari. Pfungwa iyi haina kushanda kumabhengi vane basa chikuru ndicho issuance uye kudzikinurwa zvikwereti. The Vhoriyamu ayo purofiti kunobva mari yakapiwa uye kukura chimbadzo pamusoro pavo. Naizvozvo, mukuru basa iri basa mari ndiko kuwedzera uwandu pachavo mari.

Nyore nzira chinangwa ichi - kuwedzera mvumo guru. Capital kuwedzera achawedzera kunonyanyisa uwandu zvikwereti por anokwereta uye kufunga-refu upfumi.