Epitaph - dombo repaguva zvakanyorwa pazvivako

Epitaph vachikudza emunhu akafa anonzi epitaphs. Semakore ndeokudetemba, asi pane Somuenzaniso, muchimiro aphorisms kana ndima magwaro zviri nyore kuyeuka. Vavariro dzakawanda dzakakurumbira epitaphs akanga kana kuti muverengi kufunga, kumunyevera yake kufa. Vamwe vanhu ava sarudza pachavo panguva upenyu vamwe - avo anokonzera inoraswa. Zvinozivikanwa kuti vadetembi akakurumbira akawanda, kusanganisira Uilyam Shekspir, Aleksandr Poup, rakanyorwa chinhu epitaph pachake-nhetembo.

Tombstone Zvinyorwa kuronda shanduka kwavo enhetembo kutaura dzakanga kutaurwa rukudzo wemufi pazuva wemariro rake, uye akadzokorora iri gore. In Greece yekare uye Roma yekare, vakanga yakaumbwa muna Genre kuti "Epitaph" (kubva echiGiriki okuti - "kumusoro" uye "guva"). Gare gare, nokuchengeta kuyeuka vakaenda munyika vamwe vanhu, vari pamahwendefa Zvivako yakatangwa nayo. Vamwe vakazadzwa marwadzo uye wokufananidzira unyoro, vamwe - kupfuura nyore, kunyange varipo chete akataura chokwadi kuti rufu.

Dombo repaguva Zvinyorwa vakanga dzaisiyana zvinoenderana tsika netsika vanhu. Saka, vaRoma vakanga chaizvo iteerere epitaphs. Mavari unogona kuverenga zvinonakidza kurondedzerwa vanhu vakafa kwavo nebasa remauto enyika kana yezvokutengeserana basa, hwevakaroorana chinzvimbo , uye zvakafanana. Kazhinji, rinenge riine rumbidzo nomuviri uye tsika unhu. Pfupi kana refu, enhetembo kana prosaic, asi tombstone zvinyorwa anoratidza manzwiro nehama neshamwari yemufi. Cicero Somuenzaniso, pamusoro pamarinda mwanasikana wake Tullia akaita pfupi epitaph, iyo zvakasimba akanzwa kurwadza kwokurasikirwa: «Tulliola, Filiola» ( «Tulliola, mwanasikana wangu").

nzvimbo huru oornag mabviro yokudzidza nhoroondo munharaunda iri kumakuva. Tombstones pamwe mashoko kuti dzine, kupa dzakanakira pokutangira chipi kwemadzinza. Vamwe vavo chete vane mazita wemufi uye misi zvoupenyu, nepo vamwe anosanganisira Nhoroondo nezvizvarwa zvevazukuru imwe mhuri, asi hukama pakati vanhu vane upenyu (murume, mukadzi, mwanakomana, hanzvadzi, uye zvichingodaro), avo nyanzvi mabasa. Epitaph vagara nevakawanda vane dzekare uye genealogists. Kutanga kubva Renaissance kusvika namapfumbamwe remakore kuWestern tsika vanhu vakafa vanenge yakaitwa panguva upenyu yepamusoro munyika, vane chaizvo refu nokurondedzera anenge kunozivikanwa kwakabva dzavo, ane ruzivo ravo, nekurumbidza unhu kazhinji mashoko pamusoro hama pedyo.

Uyewo kuti mubereko vari rwakatemwa pazvivako zviratidzo rufu, kwete chete tombstone zvinyorwa. Epitaph chengeta kuyeuka vakafa vanhu, zvinosimbisa chokwadi chokuti vose uye zvinhu zvose afa. Kazhinji, unogona kuva dehenya uye crossbones, bhero pamariro, uchanja uye kuti zvindori hourglass, achitaura kuti nguva haamiri uye zvinotiswededza pedyo rufu, kana ane hourglass kwamapapiro, uyewo rinomiririra nokufamba kwenguva.