Entomology - ndiye nesayenzi? Chii kudzidza entomology

Entomology - ichi ndechimwe zvikamu zvemhuka. Zvinonzi inobva kudzidza siyana kwemarudzi nezvipembenene. Dzakananga inopangidza ndiyo entomology. Words yakasanganiswa ichi vari muGiriki. Zvinoti ἔντομον - "Tupukanana" uye λόγος - "kudzidzisa." Kune vakawanda nezvipembenene. Kuti anenge mamiriyoni 3 marudzi. Saka, kuongorora zvose, tinoda kubatsirwa unyanzvi zhinji.

Nhoroondo chiitiko

Entomology - sayenzi nasekomoobraznyh. It yakatanga muna XVI remakore. Wakatanga nokukurumidza kuvandudza, anoonga kukura nemagariro uye waibudirira (nyuchi).

Vakawanda guru zvipenyu vaifarira sayenzi iyi. Iye nyanzvi Darwin, vakawana mubayiro weNobel Karl of Frisch, munyori Vladimir Nabokov, Purofesa Edward Wilson.

Chii kudzidza entomology

Kusvika hafu XIX remakore, masayendisiti akadzidza anatomi dzakasiyana siyana tumbuyu, vakaita marangwanda tsananguro uye kwokunze zvomukati. Papera chinguva, nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu akatanga kuvandudza munzvimbo iyi. Vakatanga kudzidza tumbuyu, kuteerera kwete chete kune marangwanda uye zvomukati, asiwo munhu nhengo dzomuviri. Uyu chinokosha chokwadi.

dzimwe nzvimbo

Entomology - sayenzi nasekomoobraznyh mifananidzo, iine zvikamu akawanda:

• Yokungotaura zvebasa zvoutachiona nzira chirimwa kudzivirirwa.
• Zvazvakaita nezvinovaka muviri uye zvinhu kuti kwadzakabva abiogenous nezvipembenene pezvakaitwa.
• Ethology.
• Zvinonzi upenyu rezvipembenene uye ontogeny.
• Entomofauna.
• Kushanduka nezvipembenene.
• Population entomology.
• The Morphology uye embryology nezvipembenene.
• Yokungotaura nheyo hunobatsira entomology.
• Geographical kuparadzira.
• Systematics.
• Paleontology.

Description of mirayiridzo

Gore negore zvipenyu mubasa kudzidza zvipembenene kuti kuona sei vari zvakakodzera uye chii chiri nzvimbo yavo zvakasikwa. Panguva Zvidzidzo zviri zvipembenene siyana akawanda vakatanga ive inokuvadza uye anobatsira marudzi. Nemamwe mashoko, Entomology - kudzidza nezvipembenene, ane chinangwa chikuru ndeyokudzidza maitiro uye maitiro zvipembenene tupembenene uyewo kuziva dzinobudirira rokurwisa pavo.

Kutanga ndinoda kutarisa imwe chokwadi. Ndiko, kubva zvose kuti kudzidza entomology, masayendisiti kufarira zvimwe zvipembenene marudzi, izvo zvingava Vatakuri chikuru zvirwere zvakawanda. Izviwo, riri nezvakwakaipira chaizvo kuti utano hwevanhu. Uyewo, hapana zvisinganyanyi kukosha kwaiva kudzidza rezvipembenene kuti kukuvadza kwete munhu, asi zvirimwa miti. Kudzidza uku uchida vakabvuma dzinonakidza uye vanobudirira zvabuda. Kubereka yaiitwa parasitism uye t. D.

The ongororo rwaiitwa dzinoshanda matanho zvainanga pakurwisa akati nezvipembenene. Taishandisa ruzivo chimiro uye nzira youpenyu nerimwe udyi. Nokuda uwane utachiona zveBhaibheri uye zvaanorumbidza hwavo, masayendisiti vaigona kuumba nzira kuvaparadza. Naizvozvo Entomology - sayenzi kuti ane chimiro inokosha. Kutongwa uye kukanganisa zviri zviviri nzira kudzora zvipembenene tupukanana kunge yakatanga. Kureva vamwe spraying zvinomera Nokuparadzwa zvinhu. nzira iyi kunoita kuti kuparadzwa nezvipembenene izvi. Zvisinei, hazvina utano hwevanhu. Yeuka kuti, pakutanga kwezvose, entomology - sayenzi zvipembenene uye dzimwe tumbuyu siyana. Akadzidza pamusoro pavo richashandiswa dzakasiyana-siyana tsvakurudzo mune ramangwana.

The ukama zvakasiyana siyana

Kuvapo entomology, anogona kuwanikwa mumabhuku kushandiswa uye magazini anenge hunobatsira kukosha kwayo uye kubudirira. Mushure mudzokorore mashoko aya zvinova pachena kuti ukama pakati pedzimwe mhuka rezvipembenene kwazvo kunzwisisa. Zvakanga dzinonakidza nguva dzose kuona kwezvinhu upenyu pamusoro chikamu nesayenzi. Uye ruzivo runowanikwa uchidzidzira. Kunyanya kunakidza vaiva akataurwa Data kubva hunoshanda uye yokungotaura achitandadza maonero. Zvakaratidza kuti mune dzakawanda mhando zvipembenene dzinowanzotaurwa mananara akadai parasitism uye symbiosis. Muchiitiko chokutanga - apo mumwe Tupukanana anogara tichiregeredza mumwe. In rechipiri - yakawiriranwa rubatsiro kune mumwe.

Kazhinji utachiona hwacho hunogona kuwanikwa zvose Diptera, uye membranous siyana. Kwete kamwe chakaonekwa chinokosha. It iri chokwadi kuti mamwe marudzi tupukanana angawanika nokuda zvimwe zvipembenene marudzi, uye vamwe zvingava polyphagous. Zvakakosha kuyeuka. Paiva nguva apo tupukanana kurarama tichiregeredza nevamwe, uye ipapo rwechitatu norwechina. With maererano kuna symbiosis, chiitiko ichi Zvakacherechedzwa pakati mujuru, masvosve. Nzanga angararama navo vazhinji nevamwe zvipembenene mhuka. Hwavo vari interconnected. Saka pakanga chinhu chakadai termitofiliya uye myrmecophily.

The chikuru Mapato ose Entomology

Muchiitiko chino, pane zvakawanda zvokudya. Entomology - sayenzi nezvipembenene - chiri rakakamurwa muzvikamu akawanda. Mumwe nomumwe wavo kunosanganisira imwe nhungamiro. Muchiitiko ichi:

• Private entomology zvipembenene. Chinosanganisira zvinotevera anoranga:

- melittology (kudzidza nyuchi).

- Blattopterologiya kana diktiopterologiya (mapete, masvosve).

- Dipterologiya (kudzidza umhutu nenhunzi).

- Gimenopterologiya (kudzidza nyuchi, wasps, vatasvi pylilschikov, mujuru).

- coleopterology (pakudzidza Coleoptera).

- lepidopterist (tsvakurudzo Lepidoptera).

- myrmecology (kudzidza mujuru.

- Odonatologiya (dragonflies).

- orthopterology (kudzidza mhashu mhuri, crickets).

- Trihopterologiya (tsvakurudzo caddisflies).

• General Entomology. Iye inodzidza chivako, mhindumupindu uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvipembenene upenyu basa, munhu kukura uye dzavo nzvimbo.
• Zvakarurama Entomology. Zviri sayenzi pamusoro fauna of, izvo zvinosanganisira nzvimbo dzinoverengeka. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane nemaloznachimy hunhu. zvinoti:

- Forest Entomology.

- Veterinary.

- Medical.

• Agricultural Entomology. Ari kudzidza chimwe mhando Tupukanana. Kureva avo dzinokanganisa zvirimwa, zvinomera, mhuka uye vanhu. Iye zvakare kudzidza Zvipembenene zvinobatanidzwa pollination zvinomera.
• Forensic entomology. Muchiitiko ichi hune mumwe murayiridzo. Kureva, ichi Entomology - sayenzi nezvipembenene chokuita forensic nesayenzi kuti vanodzidza mhando kuti kuonekwe pamusoro muviri murume afa. Nemamwe mashoko, achishandisa yakasiyana padanho Kugadzirwa mazana ane blowflies vanogona kuisa nguva kuvapo chitunha. Entomology ichi - sayenzi kuti ane zvimwe zvinodiwa. Somuenzaniso, kana chitunha hapana mazana kana mazai, ipapo rufu haana maawa anopfuura mana apfuura. Uye kana vari, zviri kuuraya pashure maawa 6-12. Asi kana iwe wanga zuva, kuti mazana hombe kuwanikwe pamusoro muviri. Mushure 36 h., Ivo kuwedzera kukura. Asi kana mavhiki maviri apfuura, pupation dzavo anotanga. The Chinese mumazuva forensic entomology ari XIII remakore mangwanani, vakatanga kushandisa nhunzi mazana kuti pachena mhosva dzokuponda.

Masangano dzidzo yepamusorosoro, kudzidza sainzi ichi

Matambudziko chokuita nokudzidza nezvipembenene muRussia, vanosarudza zvinotevera nemasangano:

- Moscow State University muna Zoological Museum (Moscow).

- In murabhoritari pakudzidza entomology muna Far Eastern Branch wokuRussia Academy of Sciences (Biology uye Soil Science). It riri muguta Vladivostok.

- The Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of shanduka Morphology). It riri muMoscow.

- Institute. Schmalhausen. It riri muKiev.

- The National Academy of Sciences rweUkraine. Location - Kyiv.

- Issues chokuita foresitiri okurima entomology, kudzidza panguva Russian Institute of Plant Protection. Zvinonzi munzvimbo Mafuro St. Petersburg. Sapamakore nemasangano ose dzidzo yepamusorosoro, zvakasara mushure Soviet Union mubasa kudzidza kasvisto. Kusanganisira zvokutsvakurudza indasitiri Institute.

- Zvinetso vane wezvokurapa entomology kusarudza namakondobwe. Institute ichi nemarariya uye parasitic zvirwere.

- Uyewo kudzidza Data yaiitirwa mamwe masangano. Kureva, muchikoro reGermany Entomological uye kuBaltic Institute coleopterology.

Pakati dzakawanda masangano ose dzakakwirira kudzidza sainzi inotaurwa kwemakore mashanu akasarudzwa vanenge 25 545 nyaya vakazvipira entomology.

5 chete masangano rinozivikanwa aenzane. Kureva: University of Florida, California, Riverside Cornell, Davis, Texas A & M.

The Department of kudzidza entomology

Ndivo pane yakawanda. Zvisinei, chikuru ndivo vakasikwa:

- The Agricultural University iri Kuban. The dhipatimendi akasikwa 1968.

- Panguva University pavo. University of Moscow muna 1925, simba rorusununguko Biology uye Department of Entomology vakasikwa pano.

- Panguva University pavo. Timiryazeva (ICCA). The dhipatimendi akasikwa 1920.

- The Saint-Petersburg State University.

- In Saratov tsika hanya uye weDhipatimendi Entomology rakavambwa. Kureva, muna State Agrarian University. Vavilov.

- Imwe Department of Entomology yakatangwa Stavropol dzidzo yepamusorosoro. Ndiye State Agrarian University. Vavilov.

Masangano kuitawo entomology

Muna 1859, KM Baer uye Academician Semenov-Tyan-Shan akasika Russian muvanhu kudzidza entomology. Munguva Soviet yaiva chaicho zita - ". All-Union Entomological Society"

Masangano akadaro zvaibva munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana munyika. zvinoti:

- France.

- UK.

- Germany (Entomologischer Verein zu Stettin).

- Holland.

- Belgium.

- Russia.

- America (nheyo muna 1867.).

- Philadelphia (1859 Est.).

- Canada.

- Italy.

- Cambridge.

- Germany.

Uye zvimwe entomological veungano:

- Ukraine.

- Britain.

- Japan.

- Brazil.

- Argentina.

- Venezuela.

- Spain (Asociación Entomolóxica Galega, Asociación Española of Entomología, Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, Sociedad Andaluza of Entomología (boletín), Sociedad Española of Entomología Aplicada).

- Colombia.

- Mexico.

- Chile.

Panewo dzomunyika nzanga: International Society of Hymenopterists, USA, International Palaeoentomological Society.

A tsime hwakagadzwa International Union Wokudzidza Social Tupukanana.

magazini

The inokosha nenguva dzirikure mabhuku Russian ati nesayenzi vari:

- "Entomological Review". Pano comprehensively kutsanangura subtleties murayiro uyu.

- "All-Union Entomological Society Proceedings."

Uyewo, pane mabhuku:

- Zoosystematica Rossica (1993).

- "Russian Entomological Journal." Akatanga kuva wakabudiswa muna 1992.

- "Eurasian Entomological Journal" (2002), etc ...

A yakawanda enderana kurondedzerwa zvipembenene iri Russian Federation inowanika muna multi-mavhoriyumu "yeRussia uye pedyo nyika (Soviet Union)." Mabhuku akadaro inobudiswa munyika dzakawanda pasi pose.

mhedziso

Pashure pokuverenga ndima iyi, munhu wose achakwanisa kupindura mubvunzo kuti kudzidza entomology, chii nzvimbo zvakunoita. Zvinokosha chete kuverenga nokungwarira zvataurwa. Uyewo, mashoko anogona kuwanikwa pana nzvimbo iyi se "molbiol". Entomology ikoko akatsanangura zvizere. Vakawanda tinogona kuudza zvakawanda nezvesayenzi ichi. It hwakazara zvizhinji dzinonakidza uye kubatsira vanhu. Chinhu chikuru - kuti vanofarira nzvimbo iyi. Uye kana iwe kusvika chaizvo zvinorehwa entomology, zvichava kunakidza zvikuru uye anorayiridza nesayenzi.