Economics Azerbaijan: marongerwo uye zvinhu

Mumwe shoma nyika dzaiumba Soviet Union, ndachengeta munhu kumbonyanya yakakwirira mwero kukura GDP - Azerbaijan. Upfumi iri kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, pasinei nokuti dambudziko ra2008 yakanga dzinokwanisa kukanganiswa parameters zvose yadzikira kwazvo tichienzanisa pre-dambudziko kwevari kukura munzvimbo dzese maindasitiri basa. Kunyange zvakadaro, GDP kukura rimwe vatungamiriri venyika richiri Azerbaijan. Economy vakapona nokuda simba kunze kwenyika, uyewo munyika ino vave chinozoiswa Anti-dambudziko matanho kuburikidza nokushandisa dzimwe Exchange reserves vaunganidza munyika yakanaka pre-dambudziko nguva.

mamiriro

The nyika rakapfuma iri South Caucasus - Azerbaijan. upfumi wayo-zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu GDP dzimwe nyika dzose mudunhu. Kubva 2005 kusvika 2008, kukura chaiyo yakasvika 24.1% gore negore, ndiyo inonyanya kukosha kwenguva dzose nguva kubva pakaparara Soviet. Raiva chaiye zvoupfumi tiguu, uye mwero kukura Mhedziso mutungamiri munyika yava Azerbaijan. Economy zvakadaro guru vakamuka nokuda tichishingaira kushandisa yepanyama zvekuvaka mukana: ishe deposits itsva Mahydrocarbon, Wedzerai uwandu simba kugadzirwa, kukwezva wokumwe zvakananga mubhizimisi, mafuta uye gasi mapaipi dzakavakwa, kuwedzera nokukurumidza kunze kwenyika epetroleum zvigadzirwa, oiri ichakasangana nezvimwewo negasi. Nokudaro mugumisiro: yacho transformational kudzikira pakati nineties kwave kukurira chose, uye GDP panguva dzose mitengo akasimuka kubudikidza 2008 zana namakumi matanhatu muzana zvichienzaniswa 1990. upfumi Azerbaijan muna 2017 huchakurukurwa fananidzo chete ichi nguva nyasha.

Foreign zvakananga mubhizimisi dzinongoita vakatsunga Kubudirira izvi, uye, chokwadi, unorema (anenge zvachose) vakaenda mafuta uye gasi zvekutepfenyura. The ezana remakore rechi21 rokutanga kwakaratidza kuti zvokunze mari ne-zviviri muzvitatu yaisanganisira yakananga Investments, uye panguva nenguva (semuenzaniso, makore maviri asati 2004), ivo chakaita kuti anopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe muzana zvose zvikwereti vavatorwa uye upfumi. Ndokusaka nyika yave kukwanisa kuunganidza mari kukurira dambudziko ra2008, uye upfumi Azerbaijan haasi chete inoitwa muna 2017. "yerera", uye zvinogona kunzi vachibudirira. Achiri! Direct mambure vatorwa mubhizimisi kwemakore kudhonzwa pamusoro soro yose paavhareji - vanenge makumi matatu muzana GDP. Zvisinei, mari Rwako achinja zvikuru pamusoro nguva. Nechekare kubva 2004 inflow mafuta uye gasi kwemauto ratanga kuderera. Uyezve, kunyange water drainage yaiitwa munguva 2006-2008. Asi zvakanga kare - mari vari paakapiwa, kukura munharaunda migodhi zvakanaka dzinovhurika, mamiriro emari Azerbaijan chaizvo kugadzikana, uye ikozvino unogona zvishoma nezvishoma kuva mari yazvo.

nhasi

Mafuta gasi kwemauto makawanda kusvikira 2007, uye kuti akanga anotsigirwa vatorwa mubhizimisi, apo mudzimba zvinhu rinotungamirirwa kukudziri- dzisiri extractive maindasitiri, uyo akaona chaizvo zvakasimba kukura mupiro emari Azerbaijan. Nhasi, ivo vakawanda uye vanotsigira kutsigira ezvoupfumi ezvinhu munyika. akavandudzika zvikuru kwezvivako - mvura, zvokufambisa, magetsi, pano akasiya mukuru hurumende zvekushandisa. Economy pamusoro Azerbaijan muna 2017, muduku sei mari dambudziko. Asi ichi zvinogona chete kuitika nokuti nyore chikonzero kuti aizomupa yokumwe zvakananga mubhizimisi kukura deposits aiva norupo kuti nokukurumidza vakakwanisa pakusika uye vave migodhi, zvokufambisa, simba, uye saka akanga agamuchira mari nokuda kwemashoko nemauto, hauna chokuita mafuta.

Azerbaijan kuti upfumi nhasi hunogara pamusoro hwakagadzwa ano Mapaipi hurongwa achipa mafuta uye gasi kumusika nyika. mafuta ichi Mapaipi muna 2006 "Baku-Ceyhan" Mapaipi ari 2007 "Baku-Erzurum gasi Mapaipi." nyika ino uye yasara chikuru ekisipota namafuta kuCaucasus, uye kubvira 2007 vakava kupfuura vakarongeka ekisipota negasi. Oil Kugadzirwa kubvira 2004 kusvika 2010 yakawedzera zvinenge zvitatu - matani mamiriyoni 42,3, apo kunze kwenyika rwakatokura nokukurumidza - munguva matatu nehafu - matani anopfuura mamiriyoni 35,6. The entrepreneurial basa kukura upfumi Azerbaijan ndiyo hombe. World mafuta mitengo ipapo chete akakura zvakare, asi nokuti kufambira akavaka of mafuta Kugadzirwa mavhoriyamu zvakakonzera kuti zvinenge zvakapetwa kagumi kuwedzera mafuta ekisipoti zvakaoma (muna 2008 - 29.1 mabhiriyoni emadhora). Makumi mapfumbamwe nemanomwe kubva muzana zvachose kunze kwenyika chakaita kuti mugove gasi uye mafuta muna 2010, izvo vakauya kuna Azerbaijan kweanenge makumi mana muzana hurumende zveminda.

kushorwa

Muna 2011, kwakanga kamwe zviitiko zviviri, chikonzero rwakazokura pachena nezvikonzero zvoupfumi. Zviri ichi akapoteredza uye vanofanira kufunga mamiriro ezvinhu ari nebope pakati mbiri South Caucasus nyika: sei vakapedza gumi apfuura pashure pokuwa USSR, makawana pamwe chii vasara. Saka, Azerbaijan uye upfumi muArmenia nyika. Vokutanga 2011 waibatanidzwa chirongwa musi kuvaka TANAP gasi Mapaipi (vachiri vaiona aikwikwidza yedu "Turkish Stream"). Uye muArmenia panguva iyoyo aiva gobvu kutsutsumwa panguva kuwedzera tariffs, kuti "Electric Networks pamusoro Armenia", kureva kuti, pamusoro UES yeRussia. Zvisinei, mamiriro nezvezviitiko zvose izvi zvakanga enyika dambudziko Nagorno-Karabakh. How kutanga uye kuti chii akauya pamusoro emakore, Azerbaijan, ticharamba muchidimbu namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara. Zviri kumusoro anokumhan'arira.

Armenia akagashira chaizvo kwete simba nhaka kubva Soviet Union - ane akakura maindasitiri chawo uye kwakakura. Own mafuta pfuma, Armenia haana Zvisinei, zvose makore simba Soviet, nyika yaiva pakati vatungamiri pakugoverwa mamiriro Inter-Republican zvinhu. Of Mechanical Engineering pakati Armenia yakanga mberi Union (sezvo kambani nezvezvikwata mazhinji michina), non-ferrous simbi (mhangura, molybdenum, pamwe dzakabudirira deposits), hwaimiririrwa makemikari indasitiri yakazokudziridzwa zvakakwana zvakanaka. Ndiyo chete chikuru chikamu Armenian upfumi kubudikidza 1991. Asi vakadaro akapfuma siyana maindasitiri nenyonganyonga nyika anoponeswa. The zvoupfumi kuvhunduka waiva muurayi, nokuda kwaizvozvo, inenge chinoda zvose.

Armenia

Vakaputsa dzose akakura ezvoupfumi ukama, uye maererano nezviitiko zviri Nagorno-Karabakh , Turkey neAzerbaijan makasimbisa munhu blockade - vokuArmenia uye ikozvino regai kunyemwerera, vachiyeuka "makore nerima". The simba dambudziko rakatanga, sezvo vakava zvisingaiti kana ekisipoti kana imupota. Kana tarasikirwa gasi uye mafuta, uye ndakarega Erevanskaya Razdan simba chechitima. Uye mushure Spitak kwenyika - richiri 1988 - the Metsamor simba renyukireya chirimwa ukapfigwa pasi. Zviya, ichi dambudziko makumi mana kubva muzana indasitiri reRepublic kubudiswa chiito, asi Metsamor renyukireya simba chirimwa akaramba kukuvara. Zvisinei, paChernobyl 1986 achiri kunoramba kuyeuka, uye, naizvozvo, izvi ndizvo chaizvo shandika vakasarudza kuvhara yemapurisa kure chivi. In mukati simba dambudziko muna 1993, Armenia asarudza kuteerera matanho akatorwa uye kuti restart mupudzi. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti chiitiko ichi anonzi kuva simba renyukireya kungorega kusingaenzaniswi. Makore maviri gare gare, ndakakwanisa kumhanya mumwe chete chairema zviviri.

Ipapo Armenia akatanga kuvakazve upfumi hwayo. Market zvokuchinja rakaitwa, kunyange zvazvo Kuwedzera haina kuchengetwa, uye sei zvinobva? Industrial garo zvasara kubva Soviet Union kuti chose kana mazuvaano, kana kunyorwa kure kuti chinyorwa. Uye kunze mubhizimisi yakanga zvakasimba muna RA (kusiyana Azerbaijan iro rinorarama namafuta). Ngatienzanisei nhamba: Georgia paakapiwa nemakambani vatorwa pagore $ 1,8 billion kuAzerbaijan - mana bhiriyoni, apo muArmenia kunonyanyisa mapfumbamwe mamiriyoni zana (uye kamwe chete mumakore asara - ndoda). Zvino paakapiwa ainyanya vakapararira pasi pose Armenian Diaspora. Panzvimbo yechipiri pamusoro mari majekiseni - Russia. Uye mugore muArmenia GDP akaratidza kukura zvakanaka - gumi muzana. Zvisinei, kupinzwa vachiri kupfuura kunze kwenyika. Michina anenge hapana kunoda, asi muri simbi, kurima (Cognac "yeArarat"), aruminiyamu foil ... Pfungwa, zvakarongwa ndiye anenge aneta.

Kana mangwana hondo

Nerimwe zuva hondo pakati Armenia uye Azerbaijan muna Nagorno-Karabakh achaita mari uye mumwe nemhiri mamiriyoni makumi mashanu (Azerbaijani uye mari sezvo mari - akatsiga). Economy reArmenia rayo kunyanya kugadzikana dram kwakadaro kupisa haagoni kurarama kana asina wake "vakwane" Russia (uye nguva dzose "kufanira"). The kurwa matombo nomunzvimbo dzine - zvinodhura chaizvo. Zvino huru zveupfumi kunangiswa kuti hapana Mutevedzeri. Gurukota upfumi Azerbaijan vaisagona kuchinja muna 1990-1993, kana mufundisi kana mutungamiriri wehurumende, apo aiva pamwero mukuru muchiuto chiito. Saka, nhasi Azerbaijan ane goridhe uye Currency matura mashanu mabhiriyoni matatu emadhora. Somuenzaniso, Ukraine ane dzinokwana sere (yaiva muna 2014), mu Belarus - gumi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti paavhareji capita gurukota upfumi Azerbaijan allocates 7.800 madhora, apo kunyange Russia ndiyo chete matatu nehafu chiuru, apo nehwemweya goridhe uye gumi nguva yakawanda.

Ndicho ichi "subcutaneous mafuta" zvoupfumi kubvumira Azerbaijan kunyange muhondo evanhu mapurogiramu hadzina kuchekwa (pensions, mari nezvimwewo). Asi Armenia wakadaro Zvinogoneka hakusi zvose. Zvisinei, Azerbaijan haazvizivi kuti zvakazokonzerwa hondo zvinogona siyana chaizvo, uye saka hazvirevi kutanga kusvikira simba kudzokera kunyika iyo vamwe chikonzero anofunga yake, uye pasina kukumbira Armenia kuminyuka pamusoro Nagorno-Karabakh mafuta uye gasi dzavo mapaipi. Asi kugadzirira hondo kuenda. Kuti pave pavane muchiuto kuva chaizvo, yakawanda chaizvo inopfupikisa munhoroondo, iro harisi duku mipiro hakuna kuderera mumakore. upfumi Azerbaijan muna 2016 yakasiyana chaizvo kubvira 2011, apo zvisarudzo zvakaitwa Matangiro Aungaita Mapaipi. Muna 2018 akanga aronga kushandisa. Hondo haadi kutanga, asi musazonetsanazve nezvombo kumiganhu kuitika zvechigarire nokushandiswa atirari uye helicopters zvechiuto. Nepo kukunda haana akahwina Armenia kana Azerbaijan.

Munyika upfumi kukura

State Gwaro iri pari kuitwa chinozoiswa mumunda macroeconomics (Social Development). Privatized mamiriro pfuma, vakawedzera entrepreneurial muchinangwa upfumi kukura Azerbaijan. Kuwedzera zvokutengeserana, inoramba akwezve yokumwe upfumi uye hurumende pfuma kutarisirwa pashure privatization rinokutadzisa nevhu rakawandisa uye pave makwikwi. The Azerbaijani Bazi Economy riri inotungamirwa S. Mustafayev kubva 2008.

Zvisinei, kutanga nyika iyi hakuiti kutangira panguva kuparadzana kubva USSR, asi zvikuru kwokutanga, muna 1883, apo kubva Tbilisi kusvika Baku akasvika Railways Russian, rwuripowo zvinonyatsorehwa network. Panguva iyoyowo yekudyidzana kuwedzerwa mushambadzi kutumirwa muGungwa reCaspian. Pakupera rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore Baku - chinhu chinokosha njanji mhesano uye hombe reCaspian pachiteshi. Ndakatanga kuva oiri, paiva maindasitiri emakambani, boreholes pamwe chiutsi injini. Guta guru rokutanga wokumwe akazviratidza pano zvakare, negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore, zvichiita hafu yenyika mugove oiri kuAzerbaijan.

Italy

Nhasi, Chokwadi, Azerbaijan ane mikana zvikuru kuti zvoupfumi. Investment Kuvapo pano iri kuronga yekudyidzana chokuwedzera Italy. Akatanga kushandisa munyika ino kwemakore akawanda apfuura, uye mipiro vokutanga vaibva zvoupenyu fashoni. Pane dzakawanda vadyi akaidza, izvo anoshanda nhasi. The musika ari kuchinja, kukura, uye vose nyika pakuziva yaibvira yakawiriranwa pamwe muminda logistics uye zvifambiso. Turnover pashure dambudziko anotanga kupora, pane kwezvivako uye rekuvaka, kukwezva chinokosha wokumwe inivhesitimendi.

Kubvira 2010, bhuku yakananga upfumi kuAzerbaijan makambani Italian vakapfuura zana nemashanu mamiriyoni emadhora, uye kubva ipapo Italy kunyange zvakawanda - zana namakumi matatu namatatu, uye chete muna 2016, Azerbaijan akaita paakapiwa mu Italian mabasa anoda kusvika zana namakumi matatu mamiriyoni emadhora. Zvino, makambani anopfuura makumi maviri vari kushanda pamwe chete, pakati pavo vakadaro kuzivikanwa sezvo Tenaris, Technip Italy, Maire Tecnimont, Drillmec, Valvitalia, Saipem nevamwe. Muna 2017, Italy achawedzera upfumi munyika upfumi muAzerbaijan raMwari. Details inobudiswa pachaunga kare. Muna 2016 imwe chibvumirano chakanga yakasainwa pamwe Danielle, uye iye akatotanga pano. Total pamberi makambani Italian munyika rinosvika nhamba huru - kusvika chiuru, uye riri kukura gore negore. In mashoko turnover ndiwo mamiriro - inonyatsobudirira naye pamusoro Azerbaijan.

Economic nharaunda: Baku

Kumatunhu ari Azerbaijan Republic kunoratidzwa chaiwo ezvoupfumi uye nenzvimbo mamiriro ezvinhu munyika chinorondedzerwa nenzira kwayo kubatana miganhu uye zvoupfumi, nemamwe dzinongoitika ezvinhu uye nhoroondo yakatanga mumaindasitiri specialization. Heano kumatunhu kwoupfumi gumi, pamwe munhu yoga nzvimbo of Absheron Peninsula, inova guta guru reRepublic - Baku. Last zvinosanganisira Khizi, Absheron District uye Sumgayit. Ndiye mukuru mafuta uye simba mujinga nyika, pane ari abudisa rinonyatsooneka huwandu mafuta uye gasi, uye kupfuura zvose kunotangira magetsi.

Zvikuru dzakabudirira makemikari petrochemical maindasitiri, ichiteverwa rinorema simbi, muchina building, simba engineering, zvemagetsi mapurani. Uyezve, zvakandishamisa guru emakambani chiedza uye zvokudya Mazinga, zvokuvakisa. It kunokudziridzwa chaizvo tsime iri nzvimbo kwoupfumi rokushumira zvekutepfenyura uye zvifambiso kwezvivako. Agriculture kuri chipo: kune shiri, zvipfuwo uye nyama uye mukaka (mombe), gwai. Horticulture, viticulture, floriculture, horticulture, ukuwo rakaisvonaka agro-okunze yaikura nesafironi, maorivhi, pistachios, maonde, omuamanda, visi, mazambiringa matsva uye zvakawanda.

Yakapinda musangano-Gazakh nharaunda zvoupfumi

Pane maguta maviri makuru - Naftalan uye yakapinda musangano, uyewo pfumbamwe administrative maruwa. Nzvimbo iyi iri akafuma kwazvo zvicherwa mined pano kwete mafuta uye gasi asiwo cobalt, simbi pyrite, simbi mhangura, barite, reraimu, alunite, gypsum, machena, bentonite, zeolite, ndarama, ndarira, uye zvakawanda chete. Mukuwedzera, munzvimbo idzi pane vatatu Hydroelectric simba dzemapurisa nokuda Kura runoyerera pano. Mukugadzira zvirimwa tora munzvimbo iyi zvoupfumi inzvimbo huru. Ichi rinorema simbi, muchina building, chiridzwa kugadzira, anosima nokuti kugadzirwa uye yokugadzirisa okurima michina, motokari uye kukurukurirana michina. Light indasitiri unobereka zvigadzirwa pachishandiswa yomunzvimbo mbishi zvinhu: zvomumagaba nyama uye mukaka, bhurandi uye waini.

Vazhinji pakuvaka makambani, izvo zvibereko paupamhi ukomba, zvakasimbisa kongiri, zvidhina, kongiri chidhina, namatema zvokuvakisa. Mumaguta zvakabudisa chikuru mbishi mashoko processing ferrous uye nonferrous simbi, potashi, sulfuric acid. Agricultural anotipa bota uye mbatatisi, mazambiringa uye zvimwe zvibereko. Development mhuka minda, horticulture, mapindu. Nzvimbo Iri zvinokosha iri kupfuura nemunyika: iri munharaunda yayo pane mapaipi, kuendesa mafuta uye gasi. Zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira tourism, sezvo ezvinhu okunze chaizvo zvakanaka. Kushanda utano nzvimbo dzakawanda, kusanganisira dzakawanda kukosha.

Dzimwe nzvimbo zvoupfumi

Munguva ichangopfuura, nezvoupfumi vakanyunyuta kuti tichienzanisa navamwe Baku munzvimbo zvoupfumi vari underdeveloped, kunyange hurumende yave zvakaoma kuita kwavo. nzvimbo dzakawanda vari kurarama tichiregeredza dzinopiwa, nekuti havagoni tenzi wavo pachavo nzira okukura. Zvisinei, chikonzero masayendisiti kuona kuti hazvina zvakare kuedza. Ndozvakajairwa nhasi - mutemo vajairira. Kunyange zvakadaro rakaorera zvakasikwa uye okunze, nyika irege kuva mafuta - ushanyi kupfuma.

Azerbaijan ane nzvimbo simba - vari vashoma, uyewo simba, apo vanhu havagoni kurarama pakati rinenge kwakakwana urovha uye kushaya incentives, uye nekuti nzvimbo dzakadaro kunogona akurumidze kuva matongo. Wakakwanisa kufara entrepreneurial Shamkir nharaunda, kunyange guta rakakombwa pamusoro Nakhichevan iri zvishoma nezvishoma kukura. The chete inogona dzinoratidzwa yakapinda musangano, Saatli uye mamwe nzvimbo shanu kana matanhatu. Asi pane munzvimbo hakuna, kwete chete indasitiri asiwo tourism, asi kurima harisati vawana inowanzotorwa utariri uye haagoni ugovere uye kushandisa mari zvakanaka. Zvisinei, munda basa rinoitwa, uye kukura chirongwa chinoitwa. Zvazvinosarira kuti arishandise.