Economic uye nzvimbo maitiro Italy

Nyika iri pakati reMediterranean, kumaodzanyemba Europe, munyaya ino anopiwa kwete mari chete uye munharaunda yakakura, asiwo enyika noruzhinji. Italy (Italian Republic) wayo-guru rechitatu European zvoupfumi dzinoratidzwa yakadaro runoratidza sezvo saturation nhoroondo zvivako ounyanzvi, tsika, mapurani, uye zvakare ichi dzichakurukurwa. Nyika nzvimbo iri 301.200 mativi makiromita, izvo rakakamurwa maviri munzvimbo, vakakamurwa, akavapindurawo, makumi mapfumbamwe navashanu enyika. Uye weboka asingadi kugumira pano: pane zviuru zvisere dzematunhu communes muItaly.

Miganhu yenyika uye mvura

Kwakadziva kumadokero Italy miganhu France pamusoro 488 makiromita, achiteverwa Switzerland - 740 km uye muganhu rwokumusoro Austria - 430 makiromita, uyewo kumusoro-kumabvazuva uye kuchamhembe Slovenia - 232? Km. Muno, zvakare, muri miganhu: Vatican (Pope Town) - matatu makiromita mazana maviri metres uye San Marino - 39 makiromita. Zvinoitwa Italy rakasiyana dzimwe nyika dzakawanda, uwandu mvura mari. Makumi masere muzana nyika miganhu dziri pamakungwa - the Adriatic, Ligurian, reIonia, Mediterranean uye Tyrrhenian. Nemhenderekedzo ane kureba 7375 makiromita. Rivers mazhinji, chinonyanya - Piave, Reno, Adige, Tiber, Po.

Uyewo vakawanda dzakanaka madhamu kuItaly - ichi Lake Lugano Garda, Maggiore, Brakkiano, Como, Trasimeno, Bolsena. Italy mamirire haagoni kuita pasina kutaurwa pamusoro dzisina uye nzvimbo dzine, izvo vanoumba zvinenge yose nyika. Pane muzvizhinji balneological plesieroorde nekuti inowanzonzi iripo sezvo chafariz zvinyorwa - kusvika 39 Celsius, uye kutonhora: chicherwa hydrocarbonate, calcium, nesurferi rurefu zviri kuiisa chlorine, ayodhini, bromine munyu izvo zvimwe zvirwere, uye anoshandiswa sezvo kunwa kugeza.

jogirafi

Zvinoitwa Italy kubva nenzvimbo nemaonero rinotanga nzvimbo: nyika inoremekedzwa yose kweItari uye chikamu chiduku muBalkan, Sardinia, Sisiri uye vazhinji maduku vaduku. Munzvimbo iyi dziri kubva Southern Alps uye mubani Padua. Zvakazorodza nyika zvinenge zvachose rinoumbwa makomo nezvikomo - chete-muzvishanu mapopoma pamapani.

Alps - wakarebesa European gomo mugadziriro, apo Mont Blanc - chikuru yepamusorosoro - iri munzvimbo dzine Courmayeur uye Haute Savoie, vamwe chimwe Mont Blanc yatova muFrance. Izvi yakakurumbira mechanical kuko ndiyo 4810 metres yakakwirira anotambanudza 50 makiromita. The yakakwirira Europe, kunze Elbrus Dykhtau uye wandei nhongonya kuCaucasus, apo kukwirira kumakomo kunopfuura mashanu nehafu makiromita - ndiyo okufananidza noruzhinji. Italy muna Western Europe hapana vorongerwa pakukwirira kumakomo. Zvisinei, pane nzvimbo nemaonero, 11-kiromita mugero kuti motokari zviri LEVEL obihozhennosti, Mont Blanc akaisa.

Climate

Next muItaly Apennines vanotanga, hazvisi zvakare marefu, asi ivo simudza zvinenge yose Italy - chiuru makiromita kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba kumativi kumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo Peninsula. Zvinomera mupfumi, nemipaini uye Beech masango, Mediterranean kwesha nomumatondo pamusoro RESE. Kune anoputika: Stromboli, Vulcano, Etna, reVesuvius. pamwero Large uye zvinokonzera mamiriro shanduko mugomo; iri repamusoro uye pakati nhengo - kudziya uye mwero, asi Somuenzaniso, muna Sisiri zvaakareva subtropical.

Winters muri munyoro uye akanyorova uye chirimo zvinopisa uye yakaoma. Mambofambwa anenge kumbobvira, kutonhora chando avhareji - madhigirii masere pamusoro oma. In Sisiri akawandisa jeka mazuva, riviéra yakasiyana evenness inodziya okunze gore rose, uye Peninsula Salentina - zvikuru pasi kunonaya (197 chete millimeters - pamwero yepagore).

muzvarirwo

Musi Apennine kweItari kune vanopfuura zana zvivako UNESCO, riri kupfuura mune dzimwe nyika ipi zvayo. Chaizvo yakanaka Italy. Geographic Unhu havasi chinhu dzoga vanonyorwa Midungwerungwe yemakomo, munyanza, nzizi uye mapani. Heino chaizvo mutoro mafungiro nechisikirwo, chete National Parks zvakasikwa munharaunda rimwe hectares mamiriyoni nehafu. Twenty-imwe - nokuti nyika duku yakadaro. Five muzana ari Territory zvirimowo kwaro yepakutanga chimiro uye waidzivirira neHurumende. Somuenzaniso, zviri Gran Paradiso - mumwe mukuru mumapaki National - iri kuchamhembe, pedyo nomuganhu French, uye ndicho chinhu chikuru - anenge 700 akaenzana makiromita.

nzvimbo yakatarwa riri kupenya, nokuti pave pakakwirira kuchinja kubva 800 kusvika 4,5 zviuru metres: kune mazizaya - the hasha uye vachidzivisa, uye rechikepe mafuro Zvikwenzi rakazara mavara akajeka. No zvishoma anoyevedza uye zvose zvimwe National Parks uye reserves. Somuenzaniso, muna Abruzzo pagore kunokwezva kusvika miriyoni revashanyi, pasinei nokuti nzvimbo iyi kudzivirirwa. Hazvina chete nedzimwe kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, asiwo zvematongo evanhu vekare, necropolis ose akasiyana runako vafudzi mudungwe munzira inoenda dzasara Ages wakakombwa. Uye Zvechokwadi, rakanaka state mudungwe munzira anokwezva vashanyi dzinenge.

upfumi

MuMediterranean, Italy ndiyo inonyanya kukosha nzvimbo, nokuti iri zvakanaka pakati chikuru nzira kuMiddle East nyika yakapfuma mafuta, kuti maindasitiri wokumavirira Europe - huru potrebitelnits pfuma iyi. Very zvinobetsera nzvimbo zvinotora Italy.

Zvinoitwa nyika inobva anenge zvachose kwaari nezvinhu pamusoro ezvoupfumi uye enyika mamiriro ezvinhu munyika iri European Union, apo iri nhengo kubvira pakutanga kwayo. A chiri panzvimbo yakakwirira yakadaro ndechokuti zviri muItaly wagara maviri anokosha zvikuru akazvimirira anoti - Vatican sezvo dzokugara romusoro chiKristu nyika uye San Marino, mukuru zvokuvhoterwa muEurope pamwe remitemo 1600.

San Marino

It iduku nyika uye wokuzvikudza - pamwe unhinhi guru pasi Council of Europe uye vaishora zvakasimba kupinda European Union. Zvisinei, kunyange Italy kuratidza nyika, sezvo iye anofanira kurarama: vakarambidza San Marino kuvhura kubheja dzimba uye kunyange vane yavo TV, mari uye tsika.

Zvisinei, Italy, kurambidzwa izvi pamwe nemari ndanyarara hangu. Mapilgrim kushanyira Vatican mamiriyoni, uyewo vashanyi, mari hapana zvishoma chaizvo San Marino nokuda zvinokwezva Italy kuunza zvikuru zvaioneka kubatsira - mari vanu.

pfuma

To zveupfumi uye nzvimbo maitiro Italy rakanga rakazara kwazvo, unofanira kuziva uye nechokwadi ayo ose zviwanikwa, zvinosanganisira mamineral, sezvo isingawanzowanikwi nyika anogona kuvaka upfumi kuburikidza ushanyi mumwe. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nyika ine yakatsvuka zvinhu uye simba kupa kwete chete vanoiswa, asi kwete zvakakwana. Vanenge vose deposits ayo duku vhoriyamu uye deposits kuti kukura asinganyatsoita. Italy anosangana pachake simba rayo pacharo 17 chete muzana.

marasha drawback Runonzwika chaizvo nehasha. In Calobra, Tuscany, Umbria uye Sardinia pane marasha uye lignite, asi munda diki. Mafuta iri Sisiri asi shoma chaizvo, inopa mbiri chete muzana kudiwa. Nzwisisika zveupfumi uye nzvimbo maitiro Italy Somuenzaniso, pamwe Germany, rinonyatsoratidza kuti zviwanikwa murombo vokuItaly. From Russian sezvingatarisirwa kuenzanisa handizvo: coking mazimbe vane mabhiriyoni 200 matani Akaongorora chete deposits, pamwe chete kukura gasi, mafuta uye zvimwe zvicherwa.

chicherwa upfumi

With gasi nani: Padua pachena uye ayo kuenderera - the pasherefu Gungwa reAdriatic - nhoroondo inenge 40 muzana inodiwa. Yakawanikwa asi haisati dzakabudirira gasi kumunda Apennines uye Sisiri dzinongoitika, asi vose havana kupfuura 46 muzana runodiwa kudyiwa munyika. Iron mhangura ari mined pano kweanenge zviuru zvitatu zvemakore, mumatanda vari vashomashoma, akaramba matani anenge mamiriyoni 50 pamusoro Elbe uye Aosta, izvo, chokwadi, kwazvo, zvishoma. tsananguro pfupi Italy tichitarisa mari anogona kuva: hapana anenge asina mari.

Polymetallic mhangura Italy zvishoma kupfuma, varipowo vari ores pamusoro zingi, kutungamirira uye sirivha, uyewo nouipi uye dzimwe simbi. Vakawanda munyika matura mekuri esimbi, cinnabar, iyo iri kuputika massif pamusoro Tuscany. Pane zvakare chinhu pyrites. In Puglia - kukura bauxite muna Sardinia - namavara akanaka ores mu Liguria - manganese. The chete chiri zvechokwadi akapfuma muItaly - ari girenayiti, tuff nezvimwe zvokuvakisa. Yakakurumbira Carrara machena, somuenzaniso, inodhura kwazvo. Asi iye, zvakare hazvina zvikuru. Kuitora nevarumbidzi zveupfumi uye nzvimbo maitiro Italy kutanga ushanyi. Uye zvichida painoguma.

indasitiri

GDP Italy ari ayo mamiriro inokamukana sezvinotevera: kurima wakapiwa maviri muzana, indasitiri - 27, uye akasara makumi manomwe-ndinoiitawo - mabasa, kureva ushanyi. Vanopfuura 70 muzana zvikaramba chicherwa pfuma uye simba zvinopfuura 80 muzana vari kuunzwa.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, mavambo pave renyukireya, asi muna 1988 yazadza referendamu. Naizvozvo, pasina chairehwa magetsi Italy havazopukunyuki. Kubva yose indasitiri kupfuura dzimwe dzakasimukira zvokuimba engineering, motokari, zvokurima michina ikabereka. On kumusika nyika iri vaikoshesa Italian fenicha, Textiles, zvedongo Tile. Ndizvo zvose.

kurima

Mune zvokurima, akawandisa mapurazi diki (uye maturo, kunyanya nechokumaodzanyemba Italy), neavhareji nharaunda dzinenge nhanhatu hectares, kuti kunyange European Union kwazvo, zvikuru nezviduku.

Akura zvigadzirwa evasingatombonamati Mediterranean - maorivhi, waini, Citrus zvibereko. Chirimwa, kurima zvinopfuura 60 muzana, uye zvipfuwo - zvishoma pane makumi mana.