Dzidziso omunzvimbo dzomunyika: tsanangudzo kwakabva dzakasiyana

vazivi vakawanda achitungamirira uye vanyori vakatsvaka kutsanangurirwa yepakutanga pave nomumwe kunzvimbo, nyika, tsika, uye vanhu vose. nyaya iyi nyanzvi vanofarira akadai Oswald Spengler, The Schubart, H. Danilevky, F. Northrop, uye vamwe. Kupfuura mumiririri uye zvinofadza dzidziso civilizational tsika dziri kushanda Toynbee. Pfungwa yake omunzvimbo dzomunyika zvinowanzodavirwa vaitirei rounyanzvi macrosociology.

tsvakurudzo ake, yaakasimbisa pamusoro okuti chaiyo chinhu kudzidza zvinofanira kuva nzanga, vane papi chikuru muchadenga uye upenyu hupfupi pane zvavo rudzi-inotaura. vanhu akadaro - womunharaunda budiriro.

Ko budiriro tsika pane zvinopfuura 20. Izvi zvinosanganisira Western Orthodox Russian, Orthodox Byzantine, zvenhaka, Indian, Arabic, Sumerian, Chinese, muEgipita, Andean, Mexican, vaHiti nezvimwe dzomunyika. Toynbee anofungawo shanu "wakaberekwa" uye mana evanhu kuti vakagara kukura - momadicheskaya, eskimo, Spartan uye hweOttoman. Handizivi kuti sei dzimwe tsika dziri kukura dynamically, apo vamwe kurega vari kukura tanga ivepo.

Matangiro kwenzanga haagoni kutsanangura pokudzora munhu zvinhu dzakadai nenzvimbo kwezvakatipoteredza, asi dzinza chokuratidza, utsinye kana mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, uye kuvapo munzanga rokusika vashoma. Dzidziso vomunharaunda dzomunyika anoti chete boka apo zvizhinji izvi zvinobatanidzwa ichishanduka mu civilizational mutsika. Communities apo izvi zvinhu hazvisi kuwanikwa, gara uri dotsivilizatsionnom chechetere. Somuenzaniso, mwero kuti kugonesa zvakatipoteredza nguva dzose kukanda zvakaoma kuti vanhu nokusika matambudziko vanofanira kunzwisisa uye kubata kushandisa kwaniso dzekugadzira zvinhu. Nzanga iri anogara panheyo kudanwa-musana uye anogara munyika zvitange, nekuti anoziva hapana zororo. Saka, zvinoita pakupedzisira achasika tsika yebudiriro.

Dzidziso vomunharaunda dzomunyika rinoti munhoroondo yevanhu kunonzwisiswa nevakawanda nhoroondo omunzvimbo tsika yebudiriro kuti anoenda kubva pakazvarwa - mambakwedza - kuderera - kunyangarika. Mumwe nomumwe wavo nemamwe. Zviratidzo yebudiriro - iri yokusika neerekitironi pakavakirwa vakaumba yepakutanga siyana upenyu hwomudzimu uyewo upfumi, magariro evanhu uye zvematongerwo enyika sangano.

Imwe budiriro tsika dzomunharaunda anogona vaunze mumwe. Somuenzaniso, Ancient Greece zvakakonzera kwaita kumadokero, Russian Orthodox uye ano Orthodox Greek tsika. Kana budiriro chiri kushaya tsika uye zvakasikwa chinoumba, inotungamirira kurufu kwayo. Culture ndizvo zvimwe chero bedzi anogona akatiita kupindura zvimwewo zvingada kukanganisa kuvapo kwayo chaizvo.

Dzidziso vomunharaunda dzomunyika Toynbee anodana kusiya "zapadnotsentristskih" maonero uye kurega kufunga netsika dziri isinganzwisisiki kuti vanhu vokuMadokero uye regai huchikanganiswa maonero ake, "shure" kana "ufuza".