Crane Gray: photo, mararamiro unhu

Munyaya ino uchadzidza pamusoro zvikuru dzinonakidza uye makuru shiri. Crane ichi. Total 7 eshiri vanogara Russia. Ava, rakajairika uye vakawanda vari vanhuwo zvavo pfumbu kondo.

dzinogarisana

Gray Cranes dendere kumadokero uye kuchamhembe Europe, vakawanda mundima Russian (kusvikira River bheseni. Kolyma uye Trans-Baikal), mu China uye kuchamhembe Mongolia. Uyewo vamwe vari kuonekwa Altai, Tibet uye Turkey. In yechando, ivo Cranes, seshiri vakawanda kazhinji tama rwezasi; kuMabvazuva, uye North Africa, Spain, France, kuMiddle East, India uye China (nezasi nokumabvazuva).

Dzavo nesting akakwirira mu nomumachakwi munzvimbo uye floodplains (wetlands). Kana yokushaya wetlands anogona kugara uye pedyo yekurima. Kazhinji nokuti chando Cranes sarudza kupfuura akakwidziridzwa nzvimbo, asi dzine chakafukidzwa nezvinomera uswa.

Common Crane: mapikicha, tsananguro

Varume nevakadzi regai vakasiyana mumwe chitarisiko. The koshesa ruvara ndiyo ruvara vakuru - pfumbu. Chete vashoma nhema, vamwe minhenga: dzeparamende (chikuru, chesekondari, tertiary uye opaque), uyewo muswe minhenga (yadzo).

At pamusoro musoro minhenga vari kushanda ndisipo, uye nzvimbo miti ganda pairi - dzvuku. Nguva dzose ane "chivharo" matsvuku mumusoro anoenda pfumbu Crane (Photo kunoratidza zvakajeka ichi).

Rezasi chikamu pamutsipa, mativi aro, chikamu musoro (posterior) uye chirebvu vane brownish dema ruvara. Pamutsipa uye musoro shiri inomira kunze zvikuru pamusoro chena mutsetse unomhanya megomo musoro rwemberi kumucheto, uyewo pamusoro kunze mutsipa.

Uyu kumbonyanya guru shiri: kureba - 115 cm uye mapapiro vane rakapedza anosvika 2 mamita. Weight 6 makirogiramu varume nevakadzi - zvishoma zvishoma pane (5.900 kg). Plumage dziberekane kunoita shiri Masked mumasango pavavengi. Muromo kunosvika miganhu kusvika masendimita 30. Gray red neminhenga harinzwi ane muduku pfumbu kondo. Mbabvu ari shiri kwasviba.

kubereka

Gray Crane - shiri nomudzimai mumwe. Zvazvinosarira vaviri upenyu. kana chete munhukadzi kana munhurume anofa, shiri kupona anowana mumwe mudzimai. Uye mumwe vaviri kunogona kuitika panyaya vakundikana kuedza kuva refu kuvazukuru.

Kubva April kusvika July rokupedzisira maberekero mwaka. Kazhinji, chiutsi aumbwa asati rinotevera kutizira kunzvimbo nesting. Tasvika panguva mukono nehadzi suit emandiriri chaizvo mutsika vachitamba. Dzinomirira mumwe achisvetukasvetuka, flapping mapapiro uye anokosha tittup.

Pamusoro mvura kana pedo nyika mugove anosarudzwa (nekaupenyu mufushwa) chinodiwa nemiriwo gobvu (netsanga m. P.). Zviri nzvimbo dendere. Mukono nehadzi kuzivisa kusarudzwa akakodzera nzvimbo drawling izwi. Saka, Vanocherekedza ndima yavo.

Hatigoni dendere - hombe (anopfuura 1 mita mu dhayamita). Zvinonzi akavaka kubva kupfuura siyana zvinhu. Kazhinji, hadzi mazai maviri. The incubation nguva kunotora mazuva 31. Nevaranda incubate mazai. Nguva pfupi pashure kuberekwa manyana anogona kusiya vabereki dendere. minhenga yadzo yakazara kunoitika pashure anenge 70 mazuva.

Lifestyle zvinhu

Gray Crane, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, musi Patakasvika kumba rinotanga chairwo kuzungura rimwe gumbo. Ita izvozvo oga kana vari rongedza. Panguva iyi shiri vanongwarira chaizvo, saka kunoirinda zvose kure chete. Cranes pamusoro maberekero nzvimbo kazhinji haana kuumba vakawanda kuungana, kureva majoko dendere kure nomumwe.

Jack vechirume zvinobva nokukurumidza uye zvakasimba. Somugumisiro, rinongova murwi huni inounganidzwa kubva dzakapoteredza. Inside mudendere ane tireyi mudungwe pamwe uswa. Kazhinji, shiri vakura kugara matendere adzo (rapera gore). nezvigadziko Izvi zvinogona peya Cranes kushumira kwemakore anoverengeka, zvishoma ose shiri gore nayo yoku-.

Kuparadzirwa Cranes muRussia

Gray Crane muRussia chinomiririrwa subspecies zviviri - the Western uye Eastern. vakasiyana zvishoma kubva mumwe. Muganhu kuparadzirwa yavo, uyewo subspecies dzavo rusununguko, akadzidza munyika nhasi achiri havaratidzi. Inenge tinogona kutaura kuti kumuganhu Anopatsanura subspecies maviri, runosvika pamusoro Mountains Ural. subspecies Western anogara muEurope chikamu Russia, uye kumabvazuva - muna Asia.

Uyezve, zvinozivikanwa kuti yechando wachena Crane kubva European kwenyika achibhururuka Africa (Morocco, Egypt, etc ...), uye kubva kumabvazuva (kurarama kunonyanya kuSiberia) - North India kana China. A kuduku chikamu Eurasian Crane overwinters muSouth Caucasus.

Pakupedzisira, zvikuru zvinonakidza

Pakutanga ari maberekero mwaka, wachena Cranes ake minhenga akafukidzwa madhaka uye silt. Izvi dzinovabvumira kamafurashi uvande pazvikara, achivaita chisanyanya kuoneka mune yatinenge incubation uye hatching zvavo manyana.

Gray Crane, uyewo mamwe marudzi, anotanga ayo ndege ine mvere run-kusvika mhepo, kumhanya uye anoratidza mapapiro makuru chete isati yasimuka.

Quite omnivorous pfumbu Cranes: kudya miriwo (Tubers, mashizha, madzinde, acorns, michero, zvichingodaro.), Invertebrates (zvipembenene nehonye), vertebrates (nyoka, matatya, uye hove nemakonzo). Uyewo, iyo kondo anogona zvokudya uye zviyo, apo kunyange wabvunza ngozi zvirimwa.