CHP: inopangidza. Combined kupisa uye simba (CHP)

Nerubatsiro kupisa magetsi ari mumwe chikuru mabasa ose ehurumende. Uyezve, pasina Chizvarwa magetsi hazvibviri kufungidzira kukura mukugadzira uye kubudiswa maindasitiri, pasina izvo upfumi hahugoni kuvapo pfungwa.

Imwe nzira yokutaura kwaiva simba iri rokuvaka chafariz simba chirimwa. Decoding rokuti chiri nyore: ndiro kupisa dzinonzi yaisanganisa uye simba, inova chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana mhando chafariz simba zvinomera. In nyika yedu, ndivo zvakajairika chaizvo, sezvo ivo vanoshanda Tourism (marasha), kuti izvo unhu kumanikidza mwero zvinodiwa.

Features

Ndizvo zvinotaura CHP. Achiongorora zvaive pfungwa uchitova vanoshamwaridzana. Asi chii chinoratidza sei simba mhando iyi? Handiti, hazvina netsaona sezvavakanga akasarudzwa!?

Chokwadi kuti inongomutsa kwete chete magetsi asiwo kupisa riri nechikoro kuti vatengi muchimiro mvura inopisa uye chiutsi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti magetsi ari byproduct, sezvo chiutsi riri zvokudya kupinda kudziyisa hurongwa, rotates wokutanga turbine jenareta. Tikafunga Mapoka maviri (the bhaira uye simba chirimwa) zvakanaka nokuti zvinokwanisika kuderedza mafuta rinodyiwa.

Zvisinei, asiwo kunoita kuti "nzvimbo yokuparadzira" panzvimbo vasingakoshi HPP. Decryption iri nyore nokuti yemapurisa kushumirwa kwete chete magetsi, izvo pamwe shoma nezvinhu zvinogona zvifambiswe vezviuru makiromita, asi nenharo kupisa kutapurirana fluid havagoni kuiswa pane rebei kure mumusha. Hazvishamisi kuti zvinenge zvose Airport yakavakwa yepakarepo pedyo reguta, ane vanhu vadziyirwa uye nechiedza.

zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ukoshi

Nokuti kuti paivakwa simba ichi chirimwa zvinogoneka kubvisa vakawanda vekare guta bhaira, izvo kutamba zvinoodza muchinangwa zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mamiriro nzvimbo (guru yakawanda utsi), mhepo unhu muguta dzimwe nguva zvichiita kuti awedzere kuva hurongwa zvikuru. Mukuwedzera, idzva CHP miti kubvumira kubvisa marara mirwi panguva guta marara.

Ichangobva kuchenesa midziyo kuti zvinobudirira kuchenesa choutsi uye simba kunyatsoshanda akadai mhinduro zvakakwirira zvikuru. Saka, simba kusunungurwa kubva combustion mafuta tani akafanana kuti inzwi rayo, iyo anosunungurwa panguva marara matani maviri epurasitiki. Uye ichi "yakanaka" zvakakwana kwemakumi emakore kuuya!

Kakawanda, kuvakwa CHP hunosanganisira kushandiswa Tourism, sezvatakagamuchira akati apa. Zvisinei, mumakore achangopfuura, zvinonzi aronga kusika zvenyukireya simba anosima, izvo zvichaita iiswe mune yakaoma kusvika kumatunhu ari Far North. Sezvo nerubatsiro huni akaoma, simba renyukireya ndiro chete rakavimbika uye dzichigara simba mabviro.

Ndezvipi?

Ikoko CHP (mapikicha kuti vane munyaya), maindasitiri uye "veimba" kudziyisa. Sezvaunogona kufungidzira kubva zita, maindasitiri simba chirimwa zvinopa magetsi uye kupisa kusvika huru maindasitiri mabhizimisi.

Kazhinji kuvakwa panguva padariro pakuvaka chirimwa, dzikaumba naro rimwe kwezvivako. Nokudaro, "imba" mhando makavakwa pedyo avete maruwa muguta. In maindasitiri zvinangwa kupisa iri Kutamiswa muchimiro inopisa hwemvura (haufaniri kupfuura 4-5 km) panyaya kudziyisa - with hot mvura (20-30 km).

Information pamusoro midziyo zviteshi

The chikuru midziyo akaitwa aya turbine zviyero, izvo exchange zvokuimba simba kupinda magetsi, uye boilers vane basa kugadzirwa chiutsi, iyo Anoshandura jenareta flywheels. The sezvamunoita inosanganisira turbine chikwata turbine pachahwo uye munhu synchronous jenareta. Trubino backpressure 0,7-1,5 MN / m2 kupa avo zvinangwa kuti kupa kupisa simba uye maindasitiri zvivako. The yokutevedzera mumuedzo 0.05-0.25 MN / m2 anoshandiswa mudzimba vatengi.

mibvunzo kunyatsoshanda

Pfungwa, vose vanowanika kupisa inogona kushandiswa zvizere. Ndizvo chitsama magetsi ari zvinoberekwa CHP (inopangidza rokuti aunotoziva), izvozvo zvinoenderana chafariz mutoro. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, muchirimo uye chirimo, ayo kugadzirwa ipfupi zvinenge kuti razero. Saka, kugadzwa backpressure chete kushandiswa maindasitiri wedzerai vanokwanisa, umo kudyiwa mutengo zvikuru zvichidzika yunifomu pamusoro nguva yose.

Installation ane condensing mhando

Muchiitiko chino, kupa kupisa kuti vatengi vachishandisa vanonzi "pakusarudza hwemvura", uye zvimwe zvose kupisa kazhinji nyore akarasika, vakapararira munzvimbo zvakatipoteredza. Kuderedza simba kurasikirwa, zvinangwa izvi anofanira kushanda pamwe risingamboshandisi kusunungurwa kupisa mukati condensing chikwata.

Zvisinei, kubva pamazuva Soviet Union akavaka pazviteshi izvi, akapa kuti zvayakaita vakaberekwa muoti: vanogona kushanda sechinhu kwakajairika condensing CHP, asi turbine jenareta rakanyatsojeka inokwanisa kushanda muna yemabhuku muoti.

mhando Universal

Ndosaka anosima pamwe condensation kuti chiutsi akagamuchira kunonyanyisa kupararira nekuda kwayo pakawanda. Saka, kamwe zvinoita kuti vanoita anongoda vakazvimiririra kudzora zvemagetsi uye chafariz mutoro. Kunyange kana kupisa kwokudiwa haasi kutarisirwa (panyaya kunyanya inopisa zhizha) kwevanhu achazvipiwa pamwe magetsi vachiri Graphics (West CHP muSt Petersburg).

"Heat" siyana CHP

Sezvo unogona kunzwisisa, kupisa chizvarwa musimba miti yakadaro ndiyo gogonera chaizvo rose gore. Zvakanakisa kumativi 50% mvura inopisa kana chiutsi rinoshandiswa kuti kudziyisa yevatengi, uye navamwe mutakuri kupisa inoshandiswa vaunze magetsi. It anoshanda saka South-West CHP muSt Petersburg.

Heat goho kakawanda rinoitwa kuburikidza nezvirongwa maviri. Kana kushandiswa panze musimboti, ari chaipisa hwemvura kubva turbine anoenda zvakananga vatengi. Kana oparesheni yave akasarudzwa remudunhu rakavharwa, kuti coolant iri yaipiwa pashure achipfuura kupisa exchangers. Selection zano Akatsunga yakavakirwa zvinhu zvakawanda. Wokutanga inorangarira kure kubva chinhu chinopa noushamwari uye magetsi, nhamba yevanhu uye mwaka. Saka, South-West CHP muSt Petersburg, kushanda namahwindo redunhu, sezvo rinopa mukuru kunyatsoshanda.

Zvinoitwa peturu kushandiswa

Rinogona kushandiswa zvikukutu, mvura uye gaseous rinochiwedzera. Sezvo CHP kazhinji yakavakwa pedyo makuru nemisha uye maguta Kazhinji kushandisa dzaro zvinokosha marudzi, gasi uye huni mafuta. Kushandisa kufanana munyika yedu zvikuru zvishoma marasha nemarara kwakadaro, sezvo asina zvose nhepfenyuro vakapakata ano vakarongeka mhepo-rokuchenesa michina.

Kuchenesa chiutsi mugadziriro, kushandisa misungo particulate nyaya. Yokubudisa yakasimba inoramba iri zvakakwana yakakwirira ezvinhu tinova chubhu pa 200-250 mamita. Kazhinji, zvose kupisa vasanganiswa uye simba (CHP) vari kure zvikuru kubva mvura zvinyorwa (nzizi uye reservoirs). Uye nekuti kushandisa chakagadzirwa gadziriro, kusanganisira nhengo dzaro ari kutonhora shongwe. Direct-kuyerera mvura hariwanikwi zvikuru muna chaizvo zvakananga ezvinhu.

Features negasi dzemapurisa

Dzibude gasi CHP. Heat vatengi rinoitwa kwete chete nokuda simba riri kunotangira kutsva LPG, asiwo kana kupisa kuzoita magasi kuti Saka kuumbwa. The kunyatsoshanda akadaro gadziriro zvakakwirira zvikuru. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, CHP anogona kushandiswa, uye simba renyukireya zvinomera. Izvi zvinonyanya akazara munyika dzimwe Arab nyika.

Ikoko, nhepfenyuro idzi kuedzesera maviri: nokupa Magetsi kuna VOKUPARIDZIRA uye mvura maindasitiri, sezvo panguva nemabasa desalination mvura mugungwa. Uye ikozvino tarira huru zvinangwa munyika yedu uye nyika dzakavakidzana.

South-West, St. Petersburg

In nyika yedu yakakurumbira kuva Zapadnaya CHPP, riri kuSt Petersburg. It vakanyorwa sezvo JSC "South-West CHPP". Kuvaka chinhu ichi ano yakatevera vanoverengeka mabasa:

• Muripo akasimba dhefisiti pamusoro chafariz simba, iyo chaitadzisa intensification purogiramu dzimba.
• Kuvandudza rakavimbika uye simba kunyatsoshanda pamusoro madhorobha ezvinhu seboka, sezvazvakaita zvinoumba St. Petersburg aiva dambudziko. CHP achaita aoma kupedza dambudziko iri.

Asi nhepfenyuro anozivikanwa ndechokuti rimwe wokutanga Russia vakatanga kusangana zvikuru inoomesera dzezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa. hurumende guta akaita dzinounzwa imwe nzvimbo pamusoro 20 hectares nokuda itsva raaiita. Chokwadi chokuti negadziriro yeparutivi nzvimbo, vamwe reruwa Kirov akanga yakagoverwa pakuvaka. Munzvimbo idzodzo akwegura kuunganidzwa nemadota kubva TPP-14, uye nokuti nzvimbo haana yakanakira pekugara, asi zvikuru kwazvo iri.

Kwakatangwa mukupera 2010, uye mhemberero akanga wakapindwa zvinenge zvose eutungamiri veguta. Vaviri Newest otomatiki hurongwa vakanga hwakatangwa boilers.

Murmansk

Murmansk anozivikanwa sezvo mujinga rengarava yedu muGungwa reBaltic. Asi zvakadaro, izvozvo kunoratidzwa noutsinye okunze, izvo zvinoisa zvimwe zvinodiwa pamusoro wayo simba hurongwa. Hazvishamisi Murmansk TPP zvikuru rakanyatsojeka akasiyana zvekushandisa chinhu, kunyange nyika yose.

Akanga basa muna 1934, uye kubvira ipapo anoramba nguva kupa vagari nekupisa uye magetsi. Zvisinei, Murmansk HPP aiva kwakajairika simba chirimwa ari makore mashanu okutanga. The 1.150 metres ane kudziyisa vokutanga akagadzawo chete muna 1939. The chinhu vachimhanya Lower Tulomskaya HPP, riri anofukidza zvinenge chose zvinodiwa muguta magetsi, uye saka mukana asunungure vamwe kupisa kugadzirwa kuti zvivako kudziyisa guta.

The chiteshi kunoratidzwa ndechokuti gore rose kushanda nemwero rudzi, sezvo kwaro kukuru uye "simba" chizvarwa vari ndezvomuzana vakaenzana. Zvisinei, muna polar usiku TPP zvimwe yepamusorosoro nguva inotanga kushandisa yakawanda huni kuti vaunze magetsi.

Novopolotsk chiteshi, Belarus

Design uye kuvaka chivako ichi chakatanga muna August 1957. New Novopolotsk CHP akanga kugadzirisa dambudziko harisi chete kupisa guta, asi anopa magetsi kuvakwa munzvimbo imwe nzvimbo Refinery. Muna March 1958, basa rakanga pakupedzisira yakasainwa, vanotenderwa uye vakagamuchira.

Chokutanga tikaisa kushanda muna 1966. Yechipiri kwakatangwa muna 1977. Ipapo Novopolotsk CHP yaiva nguva yokutanga upgraded yaro yepamusoro vanokwanisa yakawedzera kusvika 505 MW, uye gare gare vakaisa wechitatu chokutambudzika kuvakwa, yakapedzwa muna 1982. Muna 1994, ravarwi kwave hwakatamisirwa liquefied negasi.

Kusvika panguva mazuvaano akaitwa kare paakapiwa vanenge mamiriyoni 50 US emadhora. Uine anoshamisa akadai mari infusions, kambani kwete chete kwave zvakakwana hwakatamisirwa gasi, asi vakagamuchira guru yakawanda muchiso itsva michina kuti achabvumira yemapurisa kushumira kwemakumi emakore.

zvakawanikwa

Oddly zvakakwana, asi nhasi zviri zvisingachashandi CHP vari yezvisikwa zvechokwadi uye ramangwana zvechitima. Kushandisa converters ano uye filters, unogona kudziyisa mvura, akapisa anenge ose marara inobereka munharaunda. Izvi inowana kubatsira katatu:

• Kudzikisa uye kubvisa marara.
• City anowana kokupata magetsi.
• It rwakapedza dambudziko pamwe kudziyisa.

Mukuwedzera, muna kumahombekombe nzvimbo ingangodaro kuvakwa Airport, uko kuchava panguva yomugungwa desalination chirimwa. Urume uhwu rakanyatsojeka akakodzera yokudiridzira, nokuti mombe-maberekero zvivako uye maindasitiri zvirimwa. Muchidimbu, ruzivo urwu nezveramangwana!