Chipangizo chejini motokari. Tsanangudzo, maitiro ekushanda

Injini yakawanda yeavo ikozvino yakaiswa iyo injini inopisa motokari. Kugadzirwa uye kushanda kwejini yemotokari yakadzika zvakakwana, pasinei nemashoko akawanda ayo inosanganisira. Ngationgororei izvi zvakadzama.

The general device ICE

Rimwe nerimwe rejini rine cylinder uye piston. Mukutanga, simba rinopisa rinoshandurwa kuva mechanical imwe, iyo inogona kuita kuti motokari iende. Muminiti imwe chete iyi nzira inodzokororwa mazana emakumi matanhatu, kuitira kuti ganda, iro rinobuda mumotokari, rinotenderera nguva dzose.

Iyo injini yemuchina ine maitiro akawanda emakemikari uye nzira dzinoita kuti simba rive basa rinogadzirwa.

Nheyo yaro ndeyokuti:

• Kugovera gasi;

• Crank mechanism.

Mukuwedzera, ine maitiro anotevera:

• Power supply;

• Kutadza;

• Tanga-up;

• Kuchenesa;

• Grease.

Crank gear

Kutenda kwaro, kufamba kwechikwata chechikwata chinotenderera chinoshanduka pakufamba. Izvozvo zvinoparidzirwa kumasorosoro ose nyore nyore kudarika bhaclic, kunyanya sezvo kugadzirisa kwekupedzisira mukutenderera ndiko mavhiri. Uye dzinoshanda kuburikidza nekushandura.

Kana iyo motokari yakanga isiri motokari yemotokari, zvino iyo nzira yekufamba ingave isina kudiwa. Zvisinei, mumamiriro ezvinhu emotokari, basa rekiki-ganda rakarurama zvakakwana.

Gas-distributing mechanism

Kuonga nguva, kushandiswa kwevashandi kana mhepo inopinda mairiri (zvichienderana nezvinokosha zvekusanganiswa mumotokari), zvino kupedza magasi uye zvinhu zvinopisa zvinobviswa.

Muchiitiko ichi, kuchinjana kwegasi kunowanikwa panguva yakatarwa mune imwe nzvimbo, kurongeka nematambi uye kuvimbisa kushandiswa kwehutano hwakanaka, pamwe nekuwana zvakakosha zvikuru kubva pakupisa kunobudiswa.

Power Supply System

Kusanganiswa kwemweya uye mafuta zvinopisa mumakona. Sangano iri pasi pekufunga rinoronga kugovera kwavo mune zvakawanda zvakakwana uye zviyero. Ikoko kune musanganiswa wekunze nekunze. Muchiitiko chekutanga, mhepo nemafuta zvinosanganiswa kunze kwejeri, uye mune imwe - mukati maro.

Simba rehurumende nekunze kusanganiswa kusanganiswa rine chinhu chakakosha chinonzi carburetor. Mariri mafuta anoputirwa mumhepo, uye anobva apinda mairi.

Chigadzirwa che injini yemotokari nehurongwa hwemukati kusanganiswa kwakagadzirwa kunonzi injector uye diesel. Vanozadza zvirindiri nemhepo, izvo zvinokonzera mafuta kuburikidza nenzira dzakakosha.

Ignition system

Pane kusungirirwa kwekumanikidzwa kwekusanganisa kushanda mumotokari. Diesel injini haifaniri izvi, nokuti vane tsananguro inoitwa kuburikidza nehupamhi hwemhepo yakanyanyisa , iyo inova chaizvo inopisa.

Pakati pese, spark magetsi inoshandiswa inoshandiswa mune injini. Zvisinei, kuwedzera, kupisa kwemafuti inogona kushandiswa, iyo inopisa kushandiswa kwebasa nechinhu chinopisa.

Inogona kupiswa mune dzimwe nzira. Asi iyo inoshanda zvikuru nhasi ndiyo electrospark system.

Tanga

Iyi sarudzo inobudirira kutenderera kwemotokari yemagetsi munguva yekutanga-up. Izvi zvinotanga kutanga kushanda kwehutano hwemunhu mumwe nomumwe uye injini pachayo seyo yose.

Nokutanga, nyaya inonyanya kushandiswa. Achitenda kwaari, iyo nzira inoitwa nyore nyore, yakavimbika uye nokukurumidza. Asi zvinogoneka uye chisarudzo chepineumatic unit, iyo inoshanda muchitokisi chemhepo yakamanikidzwa mumagamuchirwa kana kuti inopiwa compressor ine motokari yemotokari.

Iyo yakanyanyisa yakajeka iyo ndiyo yakagadziriswa, iyo inoshandiswa nechokweputi inotenderera mu injini uye nzira dzose nehurongwa hunotanga kushanda. Kusvikira munguva pfupi ichangopfuura, vatyairi vose vakamutora pamwe navo. Kunyange zvakadaro, pakanga pasina mubvunzo wezvimwe zviri nyore munyaya iyi. Saka nhasi munhu wose anoita pasina.

Kuchenesa

Basa rehurongwa uhwu nderokuchengetedza humwe hushisa hwekushandira unit. Ichokwadi ndechokuti kupisa mumakona emusanganiswa kunoitika nekubudiswa kwekupisa. Izvo zvikamu uye zvikamu zve motokisi inopisa, uye inofanirwa kugara ichitonhora kuti ishande mumutambo wemagariro.

Yakawanda ndeyemhepo uye maitiro emhepo.

Kuti injini itonhorere nguva dzose, mutengesi wekupisa unoda. Mune motors ane shanduro yemvura, basa rayo rinotambidzwa neirairiyiti, iyo inoumbwa nehuwandu hwemashupu ekutungamira uye kusunungura kupisa kumadziro. Kudzorera kunowedzera kuwedzera kuburikidza ne fan, iyo yakagadzirirwa pedyo neharairi.

Mumakontiro nemhepo kunononorera fins yemakona ezvinhu zvinopisa zvakanyanya zvinoshandiswa, nekuda kwekuti kupisa kwenharaunda kunowedzera kuwedzera.

Iyi inotonhorera yakaderera, uye naizvozvo haisati yasimwa pamotokari yemazuva ano. Inonyanya kushandiswa pamamotokari uye paIICs duku, iyo isingashandisi basa rakaoma.

Kugadzirwa kwemafuta

Kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvakakosha kuderedza kurasikirwa kwema mechanical energy, iyo inowanikwa mumagetsi uye nguva. Mukuwedzera, iyo nzira inobatsira kuderedza kupfeka kwezvikamu uye zvimwe kunotonhora.

Kugadziriswa mumotokari yemotokari kunonyanya kushandiswa pasi pekumanikidzwa, apo mafuta anopiwa nemapipeline nenzira yepombi.

Zvimwe zvikamu zvinonongedzwa nekupfira kana kupinda mumafuta.

Zvirwere zviviri uye chirwere chechina

Chigadzirwa chemotokari yemhando yekutanga ikozvino inoshandiswa mumutambo wakaoma zvakanyanya: pamotokari, motokari dzisina mari, mabhazi uye benzosilkas. Kukanganisa kwaro ndiko kurasikirwa kwekusanganiswa kwebasa panguva yekubvisa magasi ekudzima. Mukuwedzera, kumanikidzirwa kumanikidzika uye kudarika zvakanyanya zvinoda kuti kuve nekudzikama kwetsivha yevhavha yekuyerera ndiyo chikonzero chekuwedzera mumutengo wejini.

Mune injini ine chirwere chechina, izvi zvinokanganisa hazviiti nekuda kwekuvapo kwekugadzirisa magasi. Zvisinei, iyi ino inewo matambudziko ayo. Nzira yakanakisisa yekushanda yemotokari ichave yakagadziriswa mumutsetse wakanyanyisa zvikuru wekutenderera kweganda.

Kubudirira kwekombiyuta uye kubuda kwemagetsi BUs kwakaita kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Icho chipindiro chemukati che injini ikozvino chinosanganisira kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, iyo iyo nzira yakanakisisa yekugovera gasi inosarudzwa.

Pfungwa yekushanda

ICE inoshanda seinotevera. Mushure mokunge musanganiswa unoshanda unopinda mukamuri rinopisa, inobvumirana uye inopisa kubva mumhepo. Kana ichipiswa mumhepo yakasimba, rinomanikidzwa zvakasimba, rinotungamirira piston. Anotanga kuenderera mberi kunzvimbo yakadzika yefa, iyo yehondo yechipiri (mushure mekudya uye kuomesa), iyo inonzi sitiroko yekushanda. Panguva ino, nokuda kwepiston, gorosi rinotenderera. Izvo piston, zvakare, inofamba ichienda kunzvimbo yepamusoro yakafa, inoputira magasi ekudzima, iyo inonzi yechina yekurohwa kwejini.

Basa rose rekurova chirwere rakanyanya nyore. Kuita kuti zvive nyore kunzwisisa zvose zvese zvinowanzoshandisa injini yemotokari nekushanda kwayo, zviri nyore kutarisa vhidhiyo inoratidza kushanda kwejini ye ICE.

Tuning

Vazhinji venzi vemotokari, vachizoshandiswa kumotokari yavo, vanoda kuwana zvakawanda kubva pane izvo zvisingagoni kupa. Saka, kazhinji kuita izvi, kugadzira injini, kuwedzera simba rayo. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nenzira dzinoverengeka.

Semuenzaniso, kugadzira-chipwa kunonyatsozivikanwa, kana pamakombiyuta achigadzirisa motokari inogadziriswa kuti iwedzere kushanda. Iyi nzira ine vatsigiri nevashori.

Imwe nzira yezve tsika ndeyekugadzira injini, mune imwe iyo yekugadzirisa kwayo inoitwa. Nokuda kweizvi, ganda rakashandurwa rinotsiviwa nemapistoni akakodzera uye kubatanidza tsvimbo; A turbine yakaiswa; Maitiro akaoma neaerodynamics uye nezvimwewo zvinoitwa.

Chigadzirwa chemotokari yemotokari hachisi chakaoma. Zvisinei, zvichienderana nenhamba huru yezvinhu zvinopinda mazviri, uye kudiwa kwekuzvibatanidza pakati pavo, kuitira kuti chero kuchinja kupi zvako kuve nechikonzero chakakosha, basa rakakwirira remunhu anozovashandisa rinodiwa. Saka, usati wasarudza pamusoro peizvi, zvakakosha kushandisa mari yekuedza kuwana tenzi wezvokwadi yake.