Chii tsinga? Tsinga, hurumende uye kudzivirira

, человек узнает еще в школьные годы. Chokwadi izvozvo tsinga, munhu anodzidza mumazuva chikoro. In zvipenyu kirasi rinopa Vhuṱanzi pamusoro seboka uye mumwe nomumwe zvomukati kunyanya. Sezvo chikamu chikoro kwakarongwa, vana vanodzidza kuti mamiriro tsinga kunobva kwagara nokushanda kwenhengo dzomuviri. Kuri nayo abondera kwakakanganiswa uye dzimwe nhengo. Kune siyana zvinoita, izvo kune dzimwe zvakadini zvinokanganisawo. характеризуют как одно из важнейших звеньев организма. Tsinga inozivikanwa seimwe anokosha nhengo dzomuviri. Chinokonzera kushanda kubatana dzomukati hurongwa kwevanhu muviri uye ukama kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza. Ngationei zvinodzidziswa tsinga.

mamiriro

Kuti tinzwisise tsinga chii, zvinokosha kuti tiongorore zvinhu zvayo zvose voga. Sezvo STRUCTURAL Unit dzouropi mabasa. Zviri sero rine zvinoshandiswa. cheni aumba kubva Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu. Kutaura chii tsinga, inofanira kuva akati rinoumbwa mapoka maviri: nechepakati uye peripheral. Aimbova vanosanganisira uropi uye musana, wechipiri - marara kubva tsinga idzi uye nokusunungura mapfundo. Conventionally, tsinga inokamukana kupinda autonomic uye somatic.

masero

Vari rakakamurwa mapoka makuru vaviri afferent uye efferent. начинается с рецепторов. Tsinga inotanga Kanotokonya. Vakaona chiedza, ruzha, hunonhuwirira. Efferent - injini - masero chamutsa uye kutumira nomunhu kusaruraude nhengo. Zvinosanganisira muviri uye neerekitironi, vakawanda urongwa, akadana dendrites. The tsinga Sero oga faibha - axon. Kureba kungava 1-1.5 mm. Axons zvinopa kufamba kweropa hutachiwana. The membranes masero anokonzera omumwe kuravidza uye kunhuwidza, dzinokosha okubatanidza. Ivo vanoita kuti zvimwe zvinhu nokuchinja chinzvimbo chacho.

vegetative dhipatimendi

обеспечивает работу внутренних органов, желез, лимфатических и кровеносных сосудов. Basa tsinga chinopa zvomukati, mumasero, node uye ropa midziyo. Kusvika pamwero wakati, rinoita uye kushanda netsandanyama. The autonomic Hurongwa allocates ari parasympathetic uye tsitsi mapoka. Yokupedzisira anopa mboni dilation nezviduku Airways, yakawedzera kuomesa, wakawedzera kwemwoyo, uye nezvimwewo. The parasympathetic weboka iri kukonzera nokushanda kwenhengo dzokubereka nadzo, dundira, mugaranhoko. Pazviri kuuya zvinodiwa kuti Activate dzimwe tsinga (oculomotor, glossopharyngeal Somuenzaniso). Centers dziri muna hunde uropi uye sacral chikamu musana.

pathologies

Zvirwere autonomic ino inogona vakaumbwa ne zvakasiyana zvinhu. Kazhinji, chirwere mugumisiro mamwe pathologies, akadai kukuvara musoro, nomuchetura, zvirwere. Disruptions ari autonomic ino inogona vakaumbwa nokushaya mavhitaminzi, kakawanda mupfungwa. Kazhinji chirwere "Masked" mamwe pathologies. Somuenzaniso, pakaputsika remuromo kana thoracal kushanda hunde nodes akacherekedza marwadzo bhokisi, kuripa pamapfudzi. Zviratidzo izvi anowanzoramba kuti mwoyo chirwere, saka kakawanda varwere vanovhiringidzika zvokurwara.

musana

Nechokunze, afanane rwonzi. . Kureba chino mukuru - anenge 41-45 masendimita maviri thickening aripo ari musana: lumbar uye remuromo. Vari akaumba vanonzi yakaderera marongerwo uye innervation rokumusoro kumugumo. In iri musana pane zvinotevera madhipatimendi: sacral, lumbar, thoracal, remuromo. Pamwe kwayo yose kureba akafuka nyoro, makasimba uye arachnoid.

pfungwa

Riri mune dehenya. Uropi rinoumbwa kurudyi nekuruboshwe hemispheres, chokumisa uye cerebellum. It Vakawana kuti kurema varume kupfuura vakadzi. Ake budiriro uropi kunotanga embryonic period. The chaiwo muviri rinosvika anenge 20 apfuura. Pakazopera upenyu uropi uremu kunodzikira. Zviri kure madhipatimendi:

1. The magumo.
2. Zvenguva.
3. Avhareji.
4. The rwemberi.
5. Oblong.

hemisifiye

Ivo ane mashoko basal ganglia uye olfactory pakati. Chokunze goko pamusoro hemispheres ane nani kuoma muenzaniso. Izvi imhaka pamberi rollers uye grooves. Zvinoumba akatodzana "kwapera". Mumwe munhu akasiyana nevamwe mufanidzo. Kunyange zvakadaro, pane grooves wandei, zvakafanana nokuti vose. Vanobvumira kuti govera migove shanu: frontal, parietal, occipital, zvenyama yakavanzika.

unconditional hunenge

– ответная реакция на раздражители. The dzinotsanagura tsinga - rudaviro kuti mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira. Unconditional hunenge akadzidza musayendisiti akakurumbira Russian, kufanana I. P. Pavlov. Maitiro aya kazhinji nezvezvaiitwawo zvaichengetedza muviri. The zvihombe ndivo zvokudya, kudzidzira kufamba, kuzvidzivirira. Unconditional hunenge - vachiberekwa.

kupatsanura

Unconditional hunenge vakanga kuongororwa Simonov. Masayendisiti akaratidza makirasi matatu chokuziva mhinduro unoenderana imwe munda kukura ezvinhu:

1. Inokosha. Vanopa nomumwe mhando uye pakuchengetedza muviri. hunenge izvi zvinosanganisira zvokudya, kudzidzira kufamba, kuzvidzivirira, kunwa, mitemo hope, etc. The dzekuziva kuti siyana kwakadaro :. Physical rufu kusagutsikana pamwe kuMudzidzisi zvinodiwa, kuti Implementation nemapinduriro pasina kutora chikamu vamwe vanhu zvakafanana kwemarudzi.
2. Basa. hunenge aya akaziva chete kudyidzana nevamwe vanhu zvakafanana kwemarudzi. Maitiro aya vanoumba hwaro mubereki, uye zvichingodaro miganhu. Maitiro. Mafungiro aya ndiwo kukosha kuti "tsitsi", mupfungwa resonance, kutanga boka akanyatsorongwa umo mumwe nomumwe ane basa - mubereki, shamwari, mumwe mwana, mutorwa kana nehondo siyana, nhapwa mutungamiri, uye zvichingodaro.
3. Reactions kuzvidzora. hunenge aya kuendeswa kukura nzvimbo-nguva mamiriro ezvinhu, ivo ramangwana. Maitiro akadaro zvinosanganisira exploratory maitiro, simulation, uye saka kurwisa.

orientating dzepanguva

It runoratidzwa involuntary kutsinga dzinouya kutarisirwa, achiperekedzwa yakawedzera tsandanyama matauriro. It akadana dzepanguva zvitsva kana chisingatarisirwi anotikurudzira. Masayendisiti vanodana maitiro ichi "nastorazhivanie", kufunganya, kushamisika. Kune zvikamu zvitatu kwayo budiriro:

1. Kugumiswa ano basa, kugadzirira mamiriro. Simon rinoti zvakajairika (proactive) braking. It unovapo nechitarisiko chero chiratidzo ane USINGAZIKAMWI anotikurudzira.
2. Kuenda sei "activation". Panguva iyi, muviri hwakatamisirwa dzepanguva akagadzirira mukana kusangana pakaita dambudziko. Izvi zvinooneka zvinonyatsorehwa kuwedzera tsandanyama matauriro. Kuyaruka pane polycomponent maitiro. Hunosanganisira kwezana musoro, nenzira ziso anotikurudzira.
3. Kuda kutamba munda anotikurudzira kuti Pachatanga kusiyaniswa chiratidzo kuongorora uye kusarudzwa apindure.

ukoshi

Orienting dzepanguva chikamu exploratory maitiro. Izvi zviri kunyanya pachena itsva ezvinhu. Research basa zvinogona akaisa pamusoro pokumuka uye utsanzi, uye kutsvaka chinhu chinogona kugutsa kuda kuziva. Uyezve, anogona kupa uye kuongorora kukosha vakurukurirane. Pakadaro, ari kuwedzera aikanganiswa pamusoro analyzer.

mashandiro

The Implementation iri migumisiro dzidziso dzepanguva guru kusakarongeka pakati muzvizhinji kuti masangano nonspecific uye yakananga CNS zvinhu. Danho mukuru activation, semuenzaniso, chokuita pakuparurwa pamusoro reticular inotungamirwa uye kutanga generalized excitation cortex. Ari kuongorora anotikurudzira kukosha ndiyo cortico-chikamu ichocho ndicho chinoita-thalamic kusangana. An rinokosha pano ndowenyika hippocampus.

riine hunenge

Pakutanga kwezana 19-20 emakore. Pavlov, nguva refu kuongorora basa zvomudumbu omumuviri, kuzivikanwa kwemhuka experimental kutevera chinonakidza. Inosimudzira secretion pamusoro gastric muto uye mate kuitika nguva dzose, kwete chete zvakananga kuonana zvokudya zvomudumbu turakiti, asi kutarisira pakugamuchira nayo. Panguva iyoyo, mashoko mashandiro kuti chiitiko ichi haina kuzivikanwa. Masayendisiti anotsanangura "pfungwa dzishande" mumasero ake. Muzvidzidzo hunotevedzana, ichi kuita rinoitwa Pavlov kune zvimiso (vawana) hunenge. Vanogona kuonekwa uye inonyangarika mukufamba hwose. Nokuti pakuonekwa vakaumbwa pemhinduro unofanira kuenzana mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira maviri. Mumwe wavo chero mamiriro ezvinhu zvinokonzera vanodaro - the unconditional dzepanguva. Chechipiri, tichifunga tichiita, hazvina kutsamwisa chero kuita. It kunorondedzerwa so hanya (hanya). Akazviratidza vakaumbwa dzepanguva, kuti vakurukurirane yechipiri inofanira kutanga achakanganisa pamberi paMhedziso, chive masekonzi mashoma. Pakazoti wokutanga chaivo kukosha kuva duku.

Kuchengetedzwa tsinga

Sezvaunoziva, pamusoro muviri kukanganisa zvakasiyana-siyana. сказывается на работе других органов. Chinoitika tsinga kunokanganisa basa dzimwe miviri. Kunyange sokuti zvikanganiso zviduku kunogona nezvirwere zvakakomba. Muchiitiko chino, havasi nguva chokuita tsinga basa. Panyaya iyi, chikuru kutarisirwa inofanira kubhadharwa kune matanho. раздражающих факторов. Danho rokutanga kuti muderedze pamusoro tsinga irritants. Zvinozivikanwa kuti tinyanye kunetseka manzwiro muri mhaka mwoyo pathologies. Treatment zvirwere izvi zvinosanganisira mishonga kwete chete asiwo physiotherapy, maekisesaizi kurapa uye zvichingodaro. Chinokosha zvikuru ndiyo zvokudya. Kubva kudya zvinovaka muviri kunoenderana mamiriro zvose hurongwa nenyere. Zvokudya zvinofanira ane uwandu mavhitamini zvakakwana. Nyanzvi vanokurudzira kuti zvinyorwe zvokudya chirimwa zvokudya, miriwo, miriwo nemichero.

vhitamini C

Ane kunobatsirawo dzose dzemuviri, kusanganisira huta. Nokuda vhitamini C inopiwa paImba cellular nenhanho simba goho. remubatanidzwa ichi rinobatanidzwa kwetunhu ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Vhitamini C ichaongororwa rimwe antioxidants simba kupfuura kuti neutralizes zvakaipira Migumisiro vakasununguka radicals nokubatana navo. Mukuwedzera, nefuma vanokwanisa kuwedzera basa nezvimwe antioxidants. Pakati pavo, vhitamini E uye selenium.

lecithin

Inopa nokuti zvinoitika pezvakaitwa munyika tsinga. Lecithin - zvinokosha zvinovaka muviri kuti masero. The zviri peripheral chikamu anenge 17% muuropi - 30%. Kana kukwana kuyerera kunoitika lecithin kurukutika. Munhu anova tsamwa, izvo zvinowanzoita kuti huta breakdowns. Lecithin anodiwa masero ose mumuviri. Rinowanikwawo boka B-mavhitaminzi uye kunoita kugadzirwa simba. Uyezve, lecithin rinobatanidzwa kugadzirwa acetylcholine.

Music anonyaradza tsinga

Sezvakataurwa apa, pane hosha yacho nechepakati tsinga kuchirapa matanho zvingasanganisira kwete chete dose kurapwa. Kuchirapa kosi anosarudzwa, zvichienderana kuipa kutyorwa. достигается зачастую и без обращения к врачу. Zvichakadaro, kutandara pane tsinga kunoitwa kakawanda pasina panotaurwa kuti chiremba. Munhu angawana nzira dzavo kuvasunungura bundu. . Somuenzaniso, pane zvakasiyana-pasi kuti Anyarara tsinga. Kazhinji, zviri kunonoka nziyo, kazhinji pasina mashoko. Zvisinei, vamwe vanhu vanogona rinodzikamisa. Macha Kana iwe sarudza korasi kutungamirirwa dzavo pezvatinoda. Zvinokosha chete kuona kuti mimhanzi haana mwoyo. Nhasi, mukurumbira zvakakwana kuva vakazorora Genre chaiyo. Chine chekare, zvavo dzacho. The chikuru chiratidzo vakazorora music - zvinyoronyoro kufinhwa. It "Achiputira" muteereri, pakusika zvinyoronyoro, asi hunogara "guurwa" kudzivirira murume kubva zviwane. Relaktsiruyuschaya mumhanzi inogona chaiwo, asi kwete symphonic. Kazhinji rinoitwa nevanhu mudziyo umwe: piyano, gitare, gitare, nenyere. Kungavawo rwiyo ane yokudzokorora. recitative uye nemashoko ari nyore. Very nevakawanda ndiwo machemero zvakasikwa - kachinhuhwirira mashizha, kutinhira mvura, birdsong. Pamwe chete nomuimbirwo anoverengeka zvishandiso Vanotakura kure munhu kubva zuva kumhanya-mhanya kuti guru mutinhimira, batsirai huta uye tsandanyama kukakavadzana. Paunoteerera akarayira pfungwa, mafaro kunotsiviwa nyaradzo.