Chii mataurire mumhanzi. Song Key. Major, Minor

Asati Kuongororwa imwe chiridzwa muimbi sezvamunoita pakutanga kuteerera inzwi uye anokosha vatambi. Nokuti inokanganisa kwete chete kuverengwa zvakarurama mumhanzi, asi kuvimbika chigadzirwa. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti Vanyori vakawanda vane ruvara kunzwa uye vanomiririra matauriro mumwe mune zvimwe mavara. Ko tsaona chinoitika? Kana chinhu usingaoneki yomukati pfungwa?

Pfungwa uye tsanangudzo tonality

Famous theorists B. L. Yavorsky uye IV Sposobin dzinoratidza kuti ichi chinhu mukuru-kuwedzera neshungu chinzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, kana tonic "kuti" uye nzira "Major", matauriro achava "C zvikuru".

Mune zvimwe yakatetepa (dzakananga) kukosha tonality mu music - zviri zvakare kwegadziriro dzichipfekeka kupatsanurwa ukama imwe yakakwirira. Chete nguva ino nokuda nzvanyira vatatu vatatu. Zviri kwese kuti kubvumirana 17-19 emakore (chekare-kudanana). In chiitiko ichi tinogona kutaura nokuvapo anoverengeka tonalities zvavo ukama hurongwa. Sewevhu somuenzaniso muzana uye zvikamu denderedzwa, avo kufanana kiyi, yakafanana , mazita chete uye nezvimwewo.

Another zvaanoreva. Izvi hierarchical centralized hurongwa dzemakomo kukurukurirana zviri vakuru kusiyaniswa (kusiyaniswa). Kubva batanidzo waro kugumbukira ladotonalnost kuumbwa.

Mataurire muzana remakore rechi16

Mataurire mumhanzi ramakore rechi16 uri quandary. Izwi akasuma muna 1821, F. A. J. Castillo Blazlom (vanozivikanwa French yokungotaura). Akaramba kukudziridza uye zvinozivisa yokuti tonality kusvika 1844 F. Zh. Fetiš. MuRussia, izwi haina kushandiswa zvachose kusvikira pakuguma kwezana remakore rechi19. In mabasa Rimsky-Korsakov uye Tchaikovsky pamusoro unokwidza nokuderedza maererano iri hapana kuwanikwa. Chete bhuku Taneyev "Counterpoint ari Strict Style", mumwe rakapedzwa muna 1906, inojekesa pairi.

Shoko rokuti "Matauriro" rine zvirevo zvakawanda. Chekutanga, izvozvo ladotonalnaya harmonics-dzichipfekeka hurongwa. Chechipiri, ndiko chairo inzwi mumimhanzi. Kureva, chero mhando modal pane imwe yakakwirira. The ano Pfungwa matauriro zvakakwana kwakaratidza mubasa Karla Dalhauza. Iye anobata nayo Mupfungwa yakakura. Kubva pane kutsunga wayo, zvinova pachena kuti drevnemodalnaya Gregorian mutinhimira - ndiwo muenzaniso mataurirwo wokutanga. Iye anoti, kuwedzera Chord-harmonic, melodic matauriro ikoko.

The chikuru zviri tonality

1. Kuvapo weumwe abutment kana pakati. Zvinogona kurira, mumwe Chord kana nechepakati yakasiyana zvachose maatomu akafanana.
2. Kuvapo weumwe sangano inzwi ukama, izvo zvakananga rinoabatanidza kupinda kwegadziriro hierarchical kuzviisa pasi.
3. A chete abutment, centre, kana nyika yose kuti ngadzirambe nenguva yakakwirira. Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti matauriro ari mumhanzi presupposes kuti centralization imwe mhando, riri kumativi imwe maatomu akafanana.
4. Mukomana (Major, Minor), unopirwa ari muchimiro Chord uye vorega wegadziriro, kumhanya kwavo "kanivhasi."
5. Several mamirire dissonance: D uye S pamwe Septimia aine wechitanhatu.
6. Internal kusuduruka maererano.
7. Modal mamiriro mujinga rine zvitatu chikuru vakaisa Mabasa: tonic, kureva uye subdominant.
8. Large siyana chikonzero vachisiyanisa inzwi.

Matambudziko uye mukatanga Palestrina

In venguva inzwi rikunde musimboti regiravhiti kurutivi pakati (tonic). Panguva iyoyo modal kuwirirana, Ukuwo, hazvina. Kune chete kuzviisa pasi pakati pakafunuka. In Palestrina akazivisa zvakajeka zvikuru zviri munyika neshungu kana uine maviri akaturikidzana. It choral (monodic) subbase wayo STRUCTURAL nokubatanidzwazve. In palestrinskom neshungu hapana pachena okutorwa mwoyo tonic. Panewo muboka sezvo vakadaro. In Palestrina kuuya RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA sangano mazwi, wakarongwa kureba. No cadences ukuwo, hapana negiravhiti ustoyu. Izvozvo zvachose kuvaka anogona kuva chero kugumbukira. Saka, Palestrina hapana tonality akafanana Viennese Classics (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven).

Monodic harmonies uye harmonic tonality

Pamwero tiri ndima nevamwe frets: Aeolian, reIonia, wokuFrijiya, ane tsika, lokriyskim, Dorian, Mixolydian, uye pentatonic akamboona. Pakati harmonic tonality uye monodic frets - chaizvo. Key simba zvikuru uye zviduku yokusafa yomukati, basa, uye inofamba kutsunga wakaderera. Vanewo dzinoratidzwa vakawanda dzichipfekeka ukama uye muganhu centralization. Zvose izvi zviri ndisipo monadic frets. Vanewo havana kukwezvana pachena tonic, ayo kutonga. Iziviswe dynamism of unokwidza nokuderedza kwava kunyatsotevera neVadzidzi hunhu European mafungiro nguva dzazvino. E. Lovinsky zvakanaka vakaona modality, Chokwadi, chinomiririra mudanga maonero enyika, uye mataurire nevakomana - kukumikidza.

In chii rwaikosheswa muraraungu Vanyori "pendi" matauriro?

Mumwe inzwi riri munyika, vamwe mabasa havasi chete ukama guru-harmonic, asiwo ouzivi ruvara palette. Maererano neizvi zvikuru nevakawanda kunzwisisa hunhu uye ruvara (ruvara chaiyo).

Somuenzaniso, kiyi "C chikuru" kunokosha zvinonyatsorehwa maitiro uye anonzi kwazvo nyore, saka iri nechepadivi chena. musicians zhinji, kusanganisira pakati guru Vanyori, kazhinji kuwana ruvara kunzwa. A mumiririri pachena zvakadaro kunzwa anonzi Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.

Somuenzaniso, kiyi "E huru" chaivabatsira vashoma: rakajeka nyoro ruvara remvura birches nemumumvuri evafundisi. "E sandara Major" nokuti iye - zviri kunyanya rima uye kwakakwidibira matauriro, yaakanga kupendwa ndekwokufungidzira mune vachena rinokwanisa kucheneruka matauriro, hunhu maguta uye nhare. Ludwig Van Beethoven, aiva "B muduku" mutema. ruvara Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti mabasa akanyorwa kiyi iyi nguva dzose rinonzwika zvinosiririsa uye zvinosuruvarisa. Sezvaunogona kuona, mavara regai kuitika netsaona, ivo ndihungu zvizere emashoko hunhu wokuimba. Kana kushandura kiyi, ipapo ichava yakasiyana zvachose ruvara. A muenzaniso hwakajeka, vakaronga Motets Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Ave verum corpus, K.-V. 618) Ferenc papepa. Kubva "D Major," iye transposed nawo "C Major", maererano rakachinja mumhanzi werudzii, paiva zvinoitwa Romanticism.

Chii basa uye nzvimbo iri mataurire mumhanzi?

Kubvira muzana remakore rechi17, akasiyana-siyana tonality Chord, zvikurukuru kunzwisisa zvivako, vava unokosha navarongo uye kuratidza nzira. Dzimwe nguva kunoshamisa mataurire makwikwi dingindira, chikuva uye rugwaro. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky aidavira kuti musimboti munhu chiridzwa pfungwa kunobva kuwirirana uye vachisiyanisa inzwi, pane melodic muenzaniso. Pakuvaka zvenziyo siyana hazvirambiki rakakura basa kiyi. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya makuru siyana: yacho sonata, cyclic, dhanzi, Rondo nevamwe. Pakati zvinoreva kuti ape kuzvimba uye kuzorodzwa, chinonyanya kuoneka vari: zvishoma nezvishoma kana pakarepo achichinja kubva mumwe kiyi imwe, kukurumidza kuchinja vachisiyanisa inzwi, juxtaposition kuti zvakasiyana Zvikamu. Izvi zvose zviri kuitika pamusoro colour kuti inogona kuenderera vari mukuru matauriro.

ukama tonalities

Related tonality ndivo vokutanga, wechipiri newechitatu dhigirii. Boka nhamba imwe hanya ose chords or the ose diatonic ezvinhu vakasarudzwa kana zvakafanorongwa nenamo. Kudziwana nyore chaizvo. Izvi zvinoda kubva tonic nevaya vanoona subdominant uye zvakazara. Izvi wechina uye wechishanu matanho. Vanewo pachavo chords or the zvavo akarondedzera, izvo akafanana navo inzwi sezvamunoita. Chechipiri mwero relatedness - munhu tonic matauriro zvakaenzana asi zvakasiyana frets (sezvo chete zita). Somuenzaniso, "C guru" uye "C muduku". Signs pasi ukuwo, zvichava zvakasiyana. The "C Major" havapo, uye mune imwe diki matatu sandarara.

The chords or the dzeboka rechitatu zvacho zvakafanana giya (3). Wechitatu-dhigirii hama vari zvakare chords or the mbiri dziri akafanana marongerwo uye vamire chinhambwe zvenzwi matatu. Somuenzaniso, zviri "C guru" uye "F-inopinza makuru." All zivo iyi ichava chaizvo kana uchida kushandura mataurire rwiyo uchishandisa vachisiyanisa inzwi kana Kutsauka.

mhedziso

Saka, matauriro akatarwa ane huru unhu kuti kuona kwayo chaizvo. Theorists kuzvidudzira yakasiyana. Uyewo, masayendisiti vasingabvumirani pamusoro wayo rumutsiriro uye kuora. Kana vaongorori uye vaimbi of the Western nyika dzokuEurope vakawana mangwanani (sezvo mangwanani sezvo remakore rechi14), muRussia zvakatanga kushandiswa zvikuru gare gare. Ndokusaka mataurire Music Viennese Classics uye romantics yakasiyana kuti dzaiva Palestrina ndichavamanikidza Shostakovich, Hindemith, Shchedrin nevamwe vanyori 20-21 remakore.