Chii mabhuku? Definition. The mhando huru uye Genres

Munyaya ino tichataura pamusoro pane mabhuku, chii ayo chikuru features, zvekunyanyisa uye Genres.

The tsananguro

Munhu wose anoziva mabhuku. Mupfungwa yakakura, ndiko - yakatarwa magwaro ose nokusingaperi akanyorwa nemunhu. Asi mabhuku akawanda inoreva chimiro mifananidzo, ane chikuru basa - kunyora mabasa ounyanzvi. Zvisinei, izvi zvakare rakamanikana kunzwisisa izwi. Literature riri journalistic yezvesayenzi, kwouzivi dzechitendero. Vakadzidza vairarama Homer Somuenzaniso, pamwe chete zvinofadza kuverengera "Aeneid" Virgil uye bhuku "On Akamboita Zvinhu," Lucretius. A kutsoropodzwa makore 1820, akaziva mienzaniso yakanakisisa Russian prose "Experience mutero pfungwa" N. Turgenev uye "History of Russian State" Karamzin. Vose mabasa aya ari ano mupfungwa kuti mumabhuku regai kushandisa, asi izvi hazviiti kuatadzisa ounyanzvi.

Pfungwa yokuti 'Literature "rine ehupfumi akawanda mumakore kuramba kuchinja.

rakanyorwa

Literature vaiona magwaro yepakutanga chete. Vanogona kuva kusazivikanwa (vakasikwa risingazivikanwi munyori) uye seboka (rakanyorwa imwe boka revanhu). Pfungwa iyi inokosha nokuti kuvapo munyori inopa chinyorwa kupera. Man agumisa uye pakudaro inorondedzera miganhu akasika mabasa, izvo achararama kubvira oga. Zvikasadaro, zvakadaro, somuenzaniso, pamwe ngano magwaro. Munhu anogona kuwedzera chinhu pazviri ndoga, kuchinja, nyora mashoko. Uye hakuna munhu anogona kuisa siginicha chigamba ino. Chii mabhuku? chinyorwa ichi chinofanira kuva munyori.

akanyorwa

Magwaro akanyorwa chete zvinoreva mabhuku. Oral tsika iyi mhando ounyanzvi hachibatsiri. Ngano hwagara kugashidzanwa kubva nomuromo, rinogona wakaiswa papepa, asi ndiko chete yemunyori shanduro nonliterary rwezuva. Munyika yanhasi, mune kunze mutemo uyu, anonzi Transitional zviitiko. Ivo zviripo National mutsika nemagariro avanhu, iye pamwe veMubatanidzwa kunyora zvichiripo nyaya ane basa akasikwa muchimiro nomumukanwa, rakanyorwa pakarepo kaviri Kuda kutamba. magwaro akadai vanoonekwa kuti chaiko. Saka, tinosvika pakunzwisisa zvakakura zviri mabhuku. Ndicho chinyorwa chakanyorwa vakasikwa kuchiitirwa munyori.

kushandisa mashoko

Vaiona mumabhuku kuti vakasikwa kushandisa mashoko mutauro kwevanhu. Magwaro aya haasi syncretic uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa, umo nemashoko zvinoriumba haangaparadzaniswi kubva kutarisana, mimhanzi kana mamwe. Opera kana rwiyo - kwete chikamu mabhuku. Zvisinei, kazhinji munguva yedu, saka kuti mimhanzi uye mashoko ari basa vakasikwa chete munyori. How seanoshanda anoonekwa sezvo mabhuku, akadai nhetembo Vysotsky neImba nziyo - zvakaoma kutaura. Ukuwo, mashoko rungano "The Little Prince" Saint Exupery uyewo zvakaoma zita chete mabhuku basa nokuti kuti basa rinokosha mairi reDare munyori kuenzanisira acho.

mumagariro ukoshi

Kuti pakupedzisira pakunzwisisa kuti mabhuku aya, tinofanira kufunga imwe chokuratidza. Haachadi ndowenyika nemamiriro acho, asi ayo ushande. Mamwe mabhuku vanoonekwa kuti zvinyorwa kuti nevamwe kukosha, kureva, chikoro essays, pachake diaries, yepamutemo tsamba chokuita mabhuku vasingadaro. mutemo uyu ane anosara. Kana netsamba kana diaries rakanyorwa nemunyori chinokosha (vanyori, masayendisiti, vezvematongerwe enyika, uye vamwe.) Uye anojekesa basa rake rokusika, ipapo pamusoro nguva ivo kuwana mamiriro mabhuku basa. Somuenzaniso, Sergeya Nemaeva Blog vagara pachena nzvimbo uye yakabudiswa pamwe nemamwe mabasa nyanduri.

The Mhando chikuru

Literature riri zvinoyevedza ane, vhidhiyo, memoir, zvesayenzi kana dzakakurumbira zvesayenzi uye dzidzo, michina uye bhuku. Ingano, kusiyana nevamwe zvipenyu ayo, ane raidudzwa aesthetic nemunhu. By ingano munyori anotsvaka kuratidza muverengi ake kumhedziso, uye dzimwe nguva chete kuvaraidza naye.

Kunyange kare, kare muzivi wechiGiriki Aristotle mu "Poetics" ake akavakamura zvigadzirwa zvose munzvimbo nemhando zvitatu: mutambo, lyric uye yakakura. In akazotevera mabhuku European vakayambuka Genres zhinji: yokufungidzira, elegy, satire, ode, nhetembo, nhamo, Comedy. Drama akazviratidza chete XVIII remakore. Genre kukura mabhuku hachimboregi. Munyika yanhasi, tinoverenga mutikitivha nyaya, renyaya, thrillers, chiito, "zvinotyisa" uye mamwe mabhuku dzinonakidza. Literature nhasi kunosvika kwete chete papepa asiwo kuburikidza kombiyuta mafaira pamusoro zvemagetsi.

Russian mabhuku

Literature yakanga zvikuru upenyu enyika yeRussia. In ezvinhu umo chinoziva vanhu vasingagoni takasununguka kutaura pfungwa dzavo uye pfungwa, ichi iwe chimiro kwava mhando yakachengeteka vharafu. Somuenzaniso, muna XIX remakore mutauro Russian uye mabhuku vakamanikidzwa journalistic hunhu. Inonyanya kuverenga vanyori vaiva muvhidhiyo firimu uye venhau. Mutsoropodzi V. G. Belinsky, pasina achinyora hwangu chero yokufungidzira, nyaya kana kutamba, zvava akakurumbira uye zvikuru verengeka munyori.

Rekukwazisa mhedziso simba pamusoro mutungamiri kana aiva muRussia sezvineiwo ane shoma, nyika akadaro "kuguma kwazvo mabhuku" (VV Rozanov). Saka muna 1910, apo Russia kutanga akazviratidza umambo yeparamende, kufanana nyika ruzivo kuma1990, pashure pokuwa USSR.

Russian mabhuku chekare - kumwe dzinonakidza uye rinoverengwa munyika. NdiTolstoy, Nikolai Gogol, Pushkin, F. Dostoevsky - the aibvuma vatenzi romubati okuti.