Chii IAD mu kemisitiri ano?

Ngatimbotaura chii Isi ari inorganic uye makemikari kwetunhu.

gadzira tsananguro

Under redox siyana zvinosanganisira pezvakaitwa zvakadai somugumisiro iyo ichachinja oxidation mamiriro kwemakemikari nezvinhu zviviri kana kupfuura kunzwisisa kana nyore zvinhu.

Chii oxidation

Kuburikidza dzakadaro oxidation pakati makemikari kuita, umo dzinoona chaiyo atomu kana Ion anorasikirwa maerekitironi, saka richikwidibira oxidation nhamba yaro yepakutanga. Izvi ndizvo maitire simbi.

Chii pakupora

Pasi kupora kwacho kunosanganisira makemikari kusanduka, zvichiguma mwero oxidation kuchaita kuchiderera Ion kana nyore fuma, kuwedzera maerekitironi kunoitika. Uku kuita maitire vasiri nesimbi uye acidic residues.

reductant Feature

Uchifunga mubvunzo chii IAD, hatigoni hanya zvakadaro so "kuderedza mumiririri".

Rinoreva kwazvakarerekera Morekuru kana mhosva Ion, izvo somugumisiro kwemakemikari nekuita achapa Ion mumwe atomu kana Erekitironi, nokudaro vachiwedzera dhigirii yavo oxidation.

Kutsunga oxidant

Kukurukurirana pamusoro chii OVR Zvinokoshawo kuti taura izwi akadai "oxidizer". Pasi payo vanobviswa kureva ions kana kwazvakarerekera maatomu kuti nemakemikari kusakarongeka achatora asina kunaka maerekitironi mamwe maatomu kana kwazvakarerekera inoramba. Panguva iyoyowo yaro yepakutanga oxidation zvinosiririsa zvichapfuurira kudukupiswa.

mhando Isi

Nharo pamusoro chii IAD, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa pamusoro mhando azvaiitwa, anowanzoshandurwa munyaya inorganic uye makemikari kwetunhu.

Intermolecular kwavatori zvinosanganisira pezvakaitwa yakadaro umo maatomu uye kuderedza mumiririri uye oxidizing mumiririri dziri munzvimbo dzakasiyana kutanga zvinhu, zviri sei. Sezvo muenzaniso uyu mhando tishandurwe kungaguma kudyidzana pakati manganese oxide (4) uye mhinduro ine hydrochloric asidhi umo kuiisa chlorine gasi aumbwa, manganous chloride uye mvura.

In ichi kwemakemikari muitiro sezvo reductant anions kuonekwa kuiisa chlorine oxidation sezvo kudyidzana. Manganese nokuo- nga (pamwe oxidation +4) rine oxidation maitiro okuita, vachibvuma maerekitironi maviri, ipfupi.

Intramolecular kusakarongeka ndiyo makemikari transformations zvakadai, somunhu achidzikisa mumiririri uye izvo maatomu uye oxidant vari pakutanga maatomu mumwe kutanga fuma, uye mushure kutendeuka vari siyana zvakaitwa zvigadzirwa.
Sezvo muenzaniso uyu mhando zvinogona hunomiririrwa manyowa kuti potassium chlorate. Pamusoro muchidziisa fuma achapiwa kutendeukira potassium chloride uye oxygen. Oxidative ehupfumi vari runozivisa chlorate anion, izvo, achitora maerekitironi mashanu zvakaitwa achapora tinoshandurirwa chloride.

Panyaya iyi, yakachena anion kuchaita kuratidza kwomuviri, vari oxidized kune samolecular okisijeni. Saka chii ndiye IAD iyi? Izvi Erekitironi kuchinjirwa muitiro pakati ions, zvichiita kuti paumbwe vaviri kuita zvinhu.

Uyewo hworudzi urwu nemakemikari kuitika pamwe vachinje oxidation inoti zvinhu zviri pakutanga ari nzira zvinoreva basa manyowa kubva Ammonium nitrite. Nitrogen amire Ammonium nokuo- nga rine oxidation wehurumende 3, panguva muitiro anotumira matanhatu maerekitironi uye oxidized kuti samolecular senitrogen. Uye senitrogen inova nhengo nitrite anogamuchira maerekitironi matanhatu, ane achidzikisa mumiriri, uye panguva maitiro zvinonzi oxidized.

Chii IAD mu kemisitiri? Definition vafunga pamusoro apa anoratidza kuti kuchinja uku nechokuita kuchinja vanoverengeka zvinhu oxidation.

Autoxidation uye kupora (disparity) achipfeka pezvakaitwa kwakadaro nzira iyo sezvo kuderedza mumiriri uye oxidizing mumiririri anoshanda munhu kutanga atomu iyo kuchawedzera uye panguva imwe chete kuderedza ayo oxidation mamiriro pashure pokupedza kuita. Nharo pamusoro chii IAD zviri kemisitiri, mienzaniso transformations yakadaro inogona kuwanikwa kunyange mukufamba chesekondari kemisitiri. Potassium sulfite manyowa pamusoro kudziyisa kunoguma paumbwe maviri simbi munyu: sulphide uye sulphate. The nesarufa oxidation ezvinhu +4 uye Exhibits rutapudzo uye oxidation zvivako nokumutsa uye achideredza oxidation wehurumende zviratidzo.

Kuti tinzwisise zvazvinoreva WRA ari kemisitiri, tinoti mumwe chimiro kwemakemikari transformations dzakadaro. Kontrproportsionirovanie kunosanganisira pezvakaitwa zvakadai somugumisiro iyo oxidant uye reductant maatomu akaumbwa siyana pokutangira zvinoriumba, asi kurudyi, zvinoumba maitiro chigadzirwa. Somuenzaniso, achishandisa kuita imwe sarufa oxide (4) vane rehydrogen sulfide kuumbika sarufa mvura. Ion nesarufa oxidation ezvinhu +4 achatora maerekitironi mana, uye nesarufa Ion pamwe chakarurama -2 anorasikirwa maerekitironi maviri. Somugumisiro, vose tinoshandurirwa nyore fuma, rine oxidation mamiriro razero.

mhedziso

Tichitarisa mubvunzo zviri Isi muna kemisitiri, tinoona kuti ichi vakawanda kutendeuka, naro zvipenyu basa, isa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasikwa pezvakaitwa uye zvakavapo. Kuti worongedza equations mune zvinhu zvakadai, zvinokosha kuti wemagetsi nomwero.