Chii enyaya? History mumifananidzo. How kuumba enyambo bhuku?

Graphic enganonyorwa vari anonakidza, zvinoshamisa uye zvinotyisa. maonero nerimwe kuti firimu bhuku enyambo zvinomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro nezvetsika uye tsika. Haisi chete kusetsa mifananidzo, akasikwa kuti varaidzo. Hazvina zvakawanda. Zviri nguva kunzwisisa kuti enyambo ichi chaizvoizvo.

zvichireva

Shoko "enyambo" rwakauya mutauro wokuRussia duramazwi pamusoro Chirungu enyambo, zvinoreva anosetsa. Vanhu vakawanda vanoda kuziva enyaya kwaiva maungira zita rakadaro. Vanhuwo zvavo zvinogona akasarudzwa enyaya yakajeka yokufungidzira, apo pane chikamu mutambo uye majee. zvinobudirira Visual iwe pamwe dzechembere uye nyaya. Pasinei shamisa maitiro evanhu, mufananidzo yepakutanga uye bhendesera nhaurirano, urongwa hwemifananidzo vari yakatosiyana Genres, kubva thrillers uye mutikitivha nyaya, tichipedzisira nyaya magamba.

History mumifananidzo, somunhu mutemo, akazara zvahunoreva uye netsika. Vose mashoko panoonekwa vose vana nevakuru, achishandisa mifananidzo pamwe dzokuAustralia anoratidza ruzha uye kuseka (semuenzaniso, BOOOM, huh?!, POW! And HA-HA-HA). Mune mamwe mazwi, rimwe enyambo bhuku - imwe nyaya iri caricature.

Nhoroondo enyaya

The kutaurwa yakajeka enganonyorwa wokutanga kunogona kurondwa mune Japanese mutsika. Zvadaro zvokungonakidzwa akasikwa katuni nyaya, rinonzi Manga. enyaya iyi zvichiripo uye nyika dzakakurumbira. enyaya vokuJapan kwava kumadziteteguru tsika yokuMabvazuva cartoons - Anime.

Gare gare, pedyo XVI remakore, akatanga kuzviratidza dzakasiyana pamusoro yakajeka enganonyorwa European. Zvaive munguva iyi muBarcelona uye Valencia akatanga kuparadzira dzechitendero mapepa, ayo vainzi "Hareruya". The Kunyatsoziva chimiro enyaya inowanikwa pakupera muzana remakore rechi18, apo magazini The San Francisco Examiner yakabudisa wokutanga mamwe enyaya vana "Teddy bear uye ingwe." The kwaita kujairika nhoroondo nyaya akaridza vateereri, uye kubva panguva iyoyo akatanga guru nguva kwakajeka enganonyorwa.

Musimboti wacho kwakajeka enganonyorwa

Yaitorwa nyaya yakagadzirirwa nechokwadi kuti kufarira muverengi nhoroondo yacho inonakidza. Experience kwakaratidza kuti uchinzvera nyaya uye mutikitivha nyaya dzakakurumbira chaizvo, kana paine kunyange mufananidzo diki. Kazhinji, kwete munhu wose anoda kuverenga bhuku gobvu. Comics yakanhongwa pakutanga wechipiri, kunyudza zvachose muverengi kuva kufungidzira nyika kana zvinhu zvose. mufananidzo mumwe ane nyaya wayo kwokukurukurirana mufananidzo uye rugwaro.

Zvino pane zviuru enyaya, akasika zvose zvakavakirwa mabhuku mabasa, uye yakasiyana ushingi nyaya. Chii enyaya zvechokwadi uye chii chiri chaizvo? Masayendisiti uye vanachiremba kubva University of Waterloo varatidza kuti enyaya vari zvikuru nyore zvinobvumwa vana nevakuru, pane mabhuku, mafirimu uye nyaya. Musimboti yakajeka enganonyorwa - ndiko kuti kusika nyaya dzinonakidza vachishandisa vanodhirowa vane mwero uye zvakadzama mashoko.

How kuumba enyambo ubvise

enyambo Book format iri rakasiyana nemamwe. Ndianiko nokusingaperi kuverenga yokufungidzira hwakajeka, pakupedzisira anokumbira "How kuumba enyambo pachake?".

Nokuti zano iri zvichabatsira kuti nyanzvi cartoonists:

1. Izvo enyambo Pfekenura akasikwa pasina manyorero? Ndizvozvo, kwete. Nyora yakasiyana uye zvinofadza Muchiitiko - ndiro danho rokutanga kuti kusikwa kwakajeka yokufungidzira. Zvakakodzera vanyorese nhoroondo, vatambi uye nhaurirano. Havashushi perondedzero, nokuti enyambo dzemitambo, izvo zvinoratidza zvose. Kusimbisa kuitwa musi nhaurirano uye simba zano. Zvichienderana kumbova nyaya kana firimu zvivepo manyorero. Chinhu chikuru - yeuka kuti nyaya yose mifananidzo yakasiyana nedzimwe.

2. Chero zvazvingava hazvibviri kutanga tichiswedera enyaya pasina storyboards. Uyu yechipiri shanduro hwakajeka yokufungidzira, kana ubate. Pano vaitwa yokunyora nokudhirowa wokutanga. Stories mumifananidzo anofanira chokuita mumwe, saka shandisa storyboard. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kunyora rimwe enyaya "mativi" kutsanangura chiito nemagamba avo isingadhuri yezvifananidzo. Mune mamwe manzwi, zvakakodzera kutsanangura mapuranga ramangwana.

3. Nokuti vaya vanoda kudzidza kuumba enyambo bhuku, unofanira kutsvaka rubatsiro kubva akagadzirira akagadzirwa kwakajeka enganonyorwa. Nehanya dzinofanira kupiwa maitiro. Kana iri nyaya magamba, zvifananidzo zvose zvinofanira kuva yakajeka, uye kukurukurirana zviri pachena pakarepo. Kana iwe sarudza nyaya nezviitiko muchida kushandisa ushamwari, jeka zvenzwi. Detective uye thriller vanofanira kukanganisa uye zvinoshamisa muverengi, saka, shandisa zvitema, bvudzi uye dema mavara.

4. The ngaiteerere muverengi Uchaona kuti enyambo zvikasaitika chete puranga. Dzimwe nguva vamwe Chiitiko inowanika pamusoro mapeji wechitatu, uye vamwe 10 duku kukura uye zvakakodzera pamusoro duku papepa. Style Iri nyore kuverenga enyaya.

Special mutauro nyaya mumifananidzo

A pachena chinoratidza enyambo bhuku iri mumutauro chaiyo. Pano hapana chinyorwa, achitora 99% of peji. The chikuru magamba enyika yakatofanana rine mashoko duku kuti anorondedzera imwe mamiriro ezvinhu asina kujeka kuti muverengi. Musimboti nyaya iri pachishandiswa pachena nyaya apo vatambi vari wakavhomorwa zvakadzama uye nezvavaikwanisa.

Sezvo enyaya pachavo vauya kwatiri kubva kuEurope uye US, vose nyaya akanyorwa Chirungu, asi nekuda yakasiyana vanodhirowa nyaya inogona disassembled pasina mashoko. Uyu mutauro chinokosha enyaya.

DC Vs Musashamisika

Two nevakawanda kutsikisa enyaya kwemakore anopfuura 50, makwikwi nomumwe. Cartoonists rose vakanga vakakamurwa kuva fronts maviri. DC Comics uye Musashamisika nezvo vakakurukura paIndaneti, nokusika navo uye ushingi the saga, sezvo mafeni makwai kubva munyika yose nokuda World yoMutambo Comic Con enyambo bhuku. Chimbofunga nezvenhoroondo pfupi kuti muparidzi mumwe nomumwe.

DC. Huru rokubudisa gamba - Batman pamusoro Gotham City akaipa - Joker. In kuvapo kubva 1934, uye wokutanga firimu kwadzakabva inobva hwakajeka yokufungidzira yakabudiswa muna 1969. DC anogamuchira Fans ayo enyaya Superman, Wonder Woman, Jonah Hex uye Green Lantern.

Musashamisika. Musiki multiverse Usashamisika - Stan Lee. Publisher iri yakakurumbira kupfuura DC, nemhaka yakajeka enganonyorwa se "X-Men" uye "Wolverine," "Captain America" uye "Iron Man" uye "Fantastic Four," "Thor," "Ant-Man". The chikuru chinoratidza Musashamisika ndechokuti mutero kuna Stan Lee, dzichikoka anofara murume mutana ari kupfura, uye akamupa maviri wechipiri yakatofanana. Kusiyana DC, imba ino kukuparidzirai rinobudisa nyaya pamwe zvahunoreva uye dzetsika, kuedza kuratidza mbiri panhivi zvakafanana (zvakanaka nezvakaipa). enyaya All Musashamisika dzakakomba zvikuru uye une nyaya kujairika. Gore hwaro - 1939, yokutanga firimu kwadzakabva yakabudiswa muna 1944 ( "Captain America").

The enyaya kupfuura zvinodhura

Muchivanze kwenguva refu nguva muzana remakore rechi21, uye kuramba kusika enyaya, rokubudisa uye firimu. Izvi zviri kuitika vachagara akakurumbira, uye zvechokwadi hazvizombofi kuzodzimwa. Pasinei neizvi, cartoonists izvi zvakafanana kwete chete kuti kuverenga hwakajeka enganonyorwa, asiwo kuunganidza isingawanzowanikwi uye shoma dzeChechi. Saka chii chinonyanya zvinodhura uye zvinokosha enyambo bhuku munyika?

Action Comics muna 1938, aikoshesa pana $ 2 miriyoni. The yepakutanga shanduro enyaya vane mufananidzo Superman pamusoro nyika havasi kupfuura 9 zvidimbu. Makore 80 apfuura tinogona kutenga Action Comics anopfuura 10 cent. Uyewo kudiwa hadziwanzowaniki cartoons Curt Swan (munyori nyaya Batman kubva 1942). Mumwe mabasa ake vanofungidzirwa pa 200,000 - $ 400,000.

ushingi enyaya

History of Mickey Mouse uye Donald Duck - hazvina chete cartoons, umo rose zvizvarwa dzamerazve. Nyaya iyi akatanga yakavakirwa enyambo. The dzinonakidza zvikuru chinhu kuti cartoons vokutanga vakasikwa pamusoro ichocho sezvo akajeka mazano: akataura storyboard, nyaya mutsetse uye kutukana cues pamwe sefuro. The chikuru chepfungwa vana enyambo bhuku - ushingi Genre. Adventure enyaya kutaura vanonyanya kutaurwa, vari nemamiriro isingatarisirwi ezvinhu uye kuagadzirisa kumarudzi enyambo.

Kuverenga enyaya

Kana mubvunzo "chii enyambo uye sei kuriverenga," unofanira kuteerera nemamiriro nyaya kwakajeka. Classic enyaya - iri diki, ruvara magazini, zvinosanganisira 10-30 mapeji. Pepa roga rakakamurwa wandei zvikamu-vanodhirowa, kazhinji haana zvidimbu anopfuura 10 (mari inoenderana pamanyorerwo peji "pemapuranga"). Unofanira kutanga kuverenga kubva pakutanga sikweya, iri repamusoro rworuboshwe wekona. Kurongeka uye urongwa pamatanda kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi. Vamwe enyaya anoverengwa pahova unomonereka cheni. Kana nhengo nhoroondo munhevedzano enyaya, Zvinokurudzirwa kuverenga kubva pakutanga chikamu kunzwisisa zvinonakidza nyaya magamba.

Comics - haisi nyaya magamba. muverengi ose vanogona zvavo kufarira Genre. All zvaunongoda Dip ari multiverse, kuti tizive zvose vatambi uye nokuongorora unhu hwavo. Izvi zvichaita kuzarura nyika itsva uye chinoshamisa yakajeka enganonyorwa 20 uye 21 remakore!