Chii chinosiyanisa mari kubva mubereko? Musiyano uri pakati mari kubva mari zvinhu zvavo

Vashoma vanhuwo zvavo vachakwanisa kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro musiyano pakati mari kubva purofiti. mazwi maviri anoreva kusvika mari uye mukana bhizimisi mune ramangwana. Uye sei nhamba idzi chete zveminda - ariwo chakavanzika nokuda muverengi unshod mune zveupfumi nyaya. Zvisinei, chikanganiso ichi zviri nyore kugadzira, chete zvakakwana kunzwisisa mazwi.

Chii chinorehwa neshoko rokuti "kunopfuurira"

Ngationei kuti batsiro, mari uye vachida zveminda.

Revenue - zvino akawana mari kutengeswa kwenhumbi (mabasa uye mabasa) mune imwe nguva. Inogona dzaona kuti nomumwe mapoka zvinhu kana mabasa. Panyaya iyi, chekambani kwemari iri zvakananga hakunei chikwata mutengo uye okutengesa vhoriyamu.

Funga muenzaniso. Ngatitii boka anoronga mutakurwi chokufambisa uye inopa mhando nhatu mabasa ane wakaiswa, kuti haisi novimba mileage, mutengo: rwendo kune nzvimbo - 50 rubles, rwendo pakati nzvimbo - 100 rubles, rwendo kuenda noruwa - 200 rubles ... Panguva kushuma mwedzi vakatengeswa muna 1000 mabasa, iyo 500 - muruwa, 300 - pakati munzvimbo 200 - rwendo kuenda noruwa. Unogona ngaaverenge kwemari basa rimwe nerimwe.

Total kwemari pamusoro TR 95, pahwaro dzemaitirwe:

50 rubles. * 500 + 100 rubles. * 300 + 200 rubles. * 200 = 25 + 30 TR TR 40 TR TR = 95

Zvimwe mienzaniso, Pakusuma mamwe mashoko, ona musiyano mari kubva purofiti.

Zvinotevera chizvidavirire nzira vakagamuchirwa nokuda kwebasa mari agamuchira rokutengesa, zvinoti: mari uye accrual. Maererano nzira yokutanga, chekambani kwemari zvauya panguva apo akagamuchira mari, ndiko kuti, kana vakasvika kubhengi kana iri mari. Zvisinei, nzira iyi hazvirevi pamusana zvitukuriso uye zvinoda prepayments uyewo hondo sezvo kwemari. Naizvozvo, vamwe makambani kuchengeta zvinyorwa kwemari riri accrual hwaro, maererano iyo, iri kwemari rinowanika pakupera zvibvumirwano pakukurukura uye ainge atumirwa nhumbi, uye mari kubva pakutengeswa chokwadi hazvigoni kuzouya nekambani inoraswa.

Kusiyanisa zvakakomba uye mambure kwemari.

Revenue, zvakakomba uye mambure

Gross Ndakatengesa - imari vagamuchira kuti kutengeswa kwenhumbi (mabasa uye mabasa) pamberi yaanobhadhara kwemitero, mabasa uye kwairayirwa kubhadhara, izvo zvinosanganisirwa mutengo. On chakakomba unobuda kuna zvebhizimisi kuwedzera huru zvinokonzera mutengo uye uwandu mishonga akatengesa sei anotevera determinants ose:

• goho;
• chigadzirwa siyana;
• chatingatevedzera nhumbi;
• kuvapo nechokuita mabasa;
• basa negoho;
• sandara kudiwa uye t. d.

Maererano nenheyo iyi, tinogona kugumisa kuti musiyano pakati chakakomba mari kubva chakakomba purofiti. Asi kutaura nezvazvo mberi.

The mambure Ndakatengesa vakawana mushure "kokunatswa" kwakakomba kwemari kubva VAT nezvimwe nemitero, mari, rebates uye mutengo chakaremara zvigadzirwa kudzoka vatengi mushure kutora. Similar prices vari dzaona kuti kwemari uye purofiti.

Chii chinorehwa neshoko rokuti "mari"

Zvino isu anofanira kunzwisisa musiyano mari kubva Mubereko kwemari.

The kambani iwane mari kwete chete pane chikuru basa. Mari emakambani vanoumba yacho yemabasa zvose, kuderedzwa uwandu zvinhu mari kunze mubayiro. Nokuti zvinhu mari, izvo dzaona mune mari inoshandiswa, zvinosanganisira:

• basa mari;
• munzanga mupiro yavo zvimwe-budgetary mari;
• mbishi zvinhu, mafuta uye magetsi;
• depreciation;
• dzimwe mari.

Musiyano uri pakati mari kubva purofiti? Zvakaratidza kuti mari kunosanganisira purofiti uye basa mari.

Funga muenzaniso. Ngatitii munguva pasi review, kambani Passenger chokufambisa chakakonzerwa namaneja zvinotevera mari:

• remuneration kuti tsvimbo, pamwe mari - 40 TR
• Chinotsva - 20 TR
• amortization - 10 TR
• Other mari - 5 TR

Total mari yacho zvebhizimisi , dzakakudzingai mubayiro mari kusvika 35 TR Zvadaro zveminda zvinogona dzaona sezvinotevera: 95 TR - 35 TR TR = 60

Kumhanya zvishoma mberi, tinoona kuti mari 60 TR - 40 TR TR = 20

Pasina seasonality uye yunifomu kudiwa keriya mabasa basa iri ichaunza musoro wepagore kunobatsireiko 240 TR

Kana boka haabati zvinhu mari, mari mutengo chaizvo machisi kukosha chinobva sero.

Zvakakomba uye mambure mari

Income inoratidza pane chii kukosha kuti nguva kwakawedzera guru kambani. Zvinogona kuva zvakakomba. Kwete mari taxable chakakomba akaenzana mambure.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kwemari uyewo kwemari, anogara yakanaka ezvoupfumi chakarurama, apo purofiti zvinogona kunaka panyaya kurasikirwa rokuita mabasa. Izvi zvakasiyana chakakomba kwemari mari.

Mushure deducting mitero uye dzimwe fanira kubhadhara kuti mari inojeka. Zvadaro rakakamurwa zvitatu zvinoti:

1. Labor yokufambisa uye munzanga mutemo wekambani kana kudyiwa Fund.
2. Zvinobva anobudirira mubhizimisi mari kana inivhesitimendi mari.
3. Mari inishuwarenzi, kana mari.

Revenue mu microeconomics

In microeconomics zveminda akakamurwa zvitatu mhando:

1. Nzwisisika mari (zvachose kwemari), ndiko mari kubva pakutengeswa vamwe zvinhu. It rinowanikwa nevanhu vachiwedzera mutengo kwenhumbi pamusoro okutengesa vhoriyamu. Panyaya iyi, yose kwemari vakaenzana okutengesa kwemari.
2. The avhareji mari (avhareji kwemari), izvo rinoenderana mari Rinobva kutengeswa zvakanaka chete. The chakarurama inotengwa nevanhu kupatsanura yemari nokuda uwandu nenhumbi kutengeswa hombe.
3. Marginal kwemari (shoma kwemari) chinoratidza uwandu mari increment mumwe okuwedzera chairema zvakanaka.

Next, funga musiyano pakati mari kubva purofiti.

Ko shoko rokuti "mubereko"

Profit - ndiwo musiyano pakati vakarumbidzwa mari uye chakakonzerwa namaneja somugumisiro mubhizimisi zvekushandisa. In nyore chimiro, mune mari nenhumbi ratova kuisa mubereko: Price = Cost + Profit.

Zvakaratidza kuti Tingawaneiko vavariro mabhizimisi uye Entrepreneurs manhengatenga.

Asi vasiri purofiti emakambani vakagadzwa kuti Implementation inokosha munzanga chekuita:

• sainzi;
• dzidzo;
• nerudo;
• urongwa;
• tsika;
• munzanga bhora, uye zvichingodaro. d.

emakambani aya anogona kuramba kunobatsira basa kana nechinangwa kuwana huru vavariro nonprofit. About Purofiti zvachose kubva mubvunzo pano.

Kunakidza panyaya profitability uye vane matunhu neminisiparati emakambani, umo mumwe zvinhu mari ndiwo anopa. Izvi makambani hapana anorambidza kuti angabatsira, asi tsanangudzo, avanotarisira chinenge kuvhuna kunyange. Kunyanya nemhaka vachibhadhara vari dzaona chete kubva bhajeti kusvikira 0 ari mari mugumisiro. Taundi anoita somunhu yeGmail.END_STRONG evanhu mabasa. Uye kana mabasa avo ndivo vanonyanya mabasa zvebhizimisi, Purofiti kunogona kuwanikwa chete kubva mamwe mabhuku.

Gross purofiti uye mambure

Gross purofiti - hauonekwi zveminda kubva mumabasa ose zvebhizimisi, wakaderedzwa ne ukama mari.

Chii hwakasiyana mambure mari mambure mari? By Fananidzo, mumbure purofiti - ndiye "ndakanatswa" nokuda mari mutero unodiwa, inova maneja wekambani anogona kushandisa panguva nokungwara kwako:

• yakananga mabhizimisi kukura, zvitsva kana huripo mabasa;
• kubhadhara mutumbi chikwereti uye mubereko payo;
• kurudzira vashandi of zvebhizimisi zvimwe chikurudziro kubhadhara;
• shandisa mari uye t. d.

Profit mu microeconomics

In microeconomics marudzi maviri mari: zvemari uye zvoupfumi.

Wokutanga rinomiririra musiyano pakati yacho uye chizvidavirire (i.e. iziviswe kalkuliruemymi) mutengo.

Kufungisisa zvoupfumi mari, kusanganisira zvizere mari chokuita nzira ezvoupfumi sarudzo pasi ezvinhu enyika dzisina kupfuma, zvichataurirana zvoupfumi purofiti: kwemari kubvisa zvoupfumi mari.

Funga muenzaniso. Sezvo Senior Passenger zvokufambisa panguva akasarudza nzira entrepreneur, kwete nzira mushandi pamwe nemari mubhangi, iye akaumba imwe nzira ezvoupfumi mari Somuenzaniso, zviri sezvinotevera:

• mari mubhengi zvakatau- kwave paakapiwa bhizimisi kukura - 60 TR
• foregone yechimbadzo mari vari mubhanga - 6 TR
• akarasika mibairo basa mugore - 180 TR

Zvakaratidza kuti wegore mubereko 240 TR, kusarudza kwokutanga, inofanira kuderedzwa uwandu zvoupfumi mari:

240 TR - (. + TR 180 60t.r. 6t.r +) TR = -6

Izvi bhizimisi nokuti entrepreneur hakuiti abhadhare kwegore. Kana zveakaunzi kambani kuzokorokotedza musoro ane purofiti wepagore negore, entrepreneur achaita kuongorora bhizimisi waivako sezvo inogutsa.

pfupiso

Kuti muchidimbu uye kupindura mibvunzo pamusoro musiyano pakati mari mari, musiyano pakati pavo kwemari, kusimbisa pfungwa huru chinyorwa:

• Revenue uye mari - nguva dzose zvakanaka kwezvoupfumi zviratidzo. Zvakawanwa zvinogona zvakanaka (kunobatsira zvebhizimisi), kunaka (zvebhizimisi maturo) uye razero (zvavakanga vachida kuita riri zororo-kunyange kutosvika).
• Income zvinosanganisira zvakaoma uye basa mari dzevashandi uye munzanga chezvinonhuwira mumhuri negwaro.
• Profit - ndiye vanofungidzirwa nhamba. Zvingatora kufunga zvizere zveupfumi mari. Mari zvinogoneka nguva kuverenga uye kupinda nechiyero pepa.
• Asi musiyano mari kubva purofiti, saka zviri pamutemo kunyorerana: yezvokutengeserana mabhizimisi kushanda kuti awane mari, mari zvebhizimisi mari kazhinji hamugamuchiri, uye makanzuru zvinogona purofiti, asi kunosanganisira subsidizing chete kubudirira kwakaita breakeven. Mari anogona kugamuchira zvose zvavakanga vachida kuita.

Nokudaro, Kuziviswa duku terminological nuances munhu kunobatsira chikamu dzebhizimisi mabasa kuchaita vaverengi kuva savvy mune zveupfumi nyaya.