Chii chinonzi lymph nodes: nzvimbo, chimiro uye ukuru. Zvinokonzera lymph nodes yakakura

Chii chinonzi lymph nodes? Mhinduro yakakwana kumubvunzo waunokumbira unowanikwa munyaya. Mukuwedzera, isu tichataura pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwechirongwa chakabudiswa, pamwe chete nezvinokonzerwa nokuputika kwayo, zvinogona kuitika, nekudaro.

General information

Chii chinonzi lymph nodes? A lymph node ndiyo nhengo yechipfupa ye lymphatic system, iyo inoshanda semafuta echisikigo. Nayo inoyerera yose ine lymph, inobva kumativi akasiyana nhengo dzomuviri. Mumumuviri womunhu, mapoka akawanda emakodhi akadaro anozivikanwa, ayo anonzi nzvimbo dzenharaunda.

Kukura kwe lymph nodes

Kunze kwenyika, lymph nodes dzinoita sedzakatenderera, dzakasvibiswa, dzakagadzirwa nenyuchi kana dzimwe nguva ribbon-like formations. Masimba avo anobva ku 0.5 kusvika 50 mamita mamita kana kupfuura. Sezvaunoziva, nhengo idzi dzomumativi dzakapetwa mumucheka wemuchena wakaoma. Lymph nodes inongowanikwa mumidziyo ye lymphatic uye inobatanidzwa kusvika kumapande gumi pedyo nemakwenzi makuru nemidziyo yeropa.

Kuonekwa

Lymphonoduses yomunhu wacho akafukidzwa nehuputi hwehutu hunoputika, kubva pane izvo zvinonzi trebeculae kana matanda kubva mumuviri. Icho chinyorwa chekutsigira chepakutanga. Inofanira kunge yakanyatsorongeka kuti nhengo yechipfuwo pachayo pachayo, iyo inoshanda sechimiro chemhepo, inosanganisira stroma. Inoumbwa kubva kumarangariro ekubatanidza, pane izvo zvinoshandiswa masero anotanga nhatu-dimensional network. Mukuwedzera, stroma inosanganisira phagocytic substances (kana macrophages), inomiririrwa mune lymph nodes nemhando dzakasiyana siyana.

Mukati sarudzo ye lymph node

Pakatemwa kwema-lymph nodes, zvikamu zviviri zvikuru zvinobva zvasiyana. Pedyo nehogo iyo iri cortical substance. Mariri, nzvimbo yepamusoro uye yakadzika yakadzika nzvimbo (kana iyo inonzi iyo paracortical layer) yakasiyana. Kumuganhu wemukati we lymph node iropi chiro.

Nzvimbo yose yechigunha ichi izere nematumbu e-lymphoid. Munharaunda yepamusoro cortex, iyo iri pedo nehombodo, zviduku zviduku kana follicles zviripo. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti vane chikamu chinonzi lighter chikamu (chinomera chinowedzera) apo B-lymphocyte kusiyana uye kupararira kweantigeni-kunowedzera, pamwe chete nenzvimbo ine rima inenge ine nhamba yakawanda yepamusoro uye pane zviduku zvidhicyte.

Pfungwa yekushanda

Mune paracortical zone, lymphocytes inowanikwa zvakafanana uye yakasimba kwazvo. Munhengo iyi yemuviri, T lymphocytes inowanzo. Pano ivo vanopesana nevanoridzi-vanozvimiririra uye vanopararira. Kana iri yeuropi yezvinhu, masumbu emaronda e-lymphoid mairi anomiririrwa nemakumbo emakumbo (kana kuti matambo enyama), uko B-lymphocytes inobva kune imwe nzvimbo cortex.

Nheyo yekushanda kwechimiro ichi chinopfurikidza ndeyotevera: lymph inoyerera kune nodes pamwe chete nemidziyo yakakodzera kubva kumativi ekutsvaira, uye inoyerera pamwe chete ne vygnosyaschimi nechikamu che concave. Panguva imwecheteyo, lymph inopinda nepakati nzvimbo dzinonzi zvitadzo. Iko iri pakati pe membrane uye trabeculae, pamwe chete nematomu e-lymphoid.

Kungofanana nemidziyo, mukati mekodhi ine nheyo yaro, iyo inoumbwa nemakero emhenderekedzo kana magungwa. Sezvo mutemo, maitiro avo anotungamirirwa muchivi, apo vanotanga kusangana nemasero anonyatsooneka. Iyo inofanira kuve yakanyatsotsanangurwa kuti kusiyana nemasikirwo akachengetwa, zvivi hazvina ganda rakasununguka, nokuti rakadziviswa zvachose ne-matatu-dimensional network. Pamusana pegadziriro iyi, lymph, kupinda muchidimbu, zvishoma nezvishoma zvinokonzera, izvo zvinokonzera kuchenesa kwayo kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Izvi zvinokonzerwawo ne macrophage iri pamucheto wakanyanya wemasumbu e-lymphoid. Nenzira, panguva yekufamba kuburikidza nezvivi (brain brain), lymph yakazara zvizere nemasikirwo anobudisa plasmatic cells (uropi).

Chii chinonzi lymph nodes?

Chii chinonzi lymph nodes, takawana. Iye zvino ndinoda kukutaurira pamusoro pekuti nhengo idzi dzinoda zvakadini. Ichokwadi ndechekuti lymph inoyerera inounza kune node iyo inonzi "maantigen". Somugumisiro, izvi zvinotungamirira kukurudzirwa kwemuviri wezvirwere mumuviri. Zvichienderana nemhando uye mararamiro emamwe masimba, maitiro akadaro anogona kushingaira kuwedzera mukati memo kana mukati. Izvi zvinotungamirira kukuwedzera kusingaoneki kana kusimba kwakakura kwehukuru hwe nodes. Nokudaro, inogona kunyatsozivikanwa kuti nhengo dzenhengo dzenhepfenyuro dzinoratidzirwa rudzi rwekudzivirira kwekupararira kwezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, asiwo chironda chekenza. Mushure mezvose, masero ekudzivirira ari kushanda mukuparadza antigens ekune imwe nyika nezvimwe zvinhu anokwanisa kukura mune node.

Ndeipi iri nhengo dzemuviri dzinowanikwa?

Lymphonoduses (mifananidzo inowanikwa munyaya ino) iri mumuviri womunhu pane mazana makuru, iyo nhamba inenge zvikamu gumi. Izvo zviripo kuitira kuti kudzivirira kusimba kwezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana nekenza. Ndicho chikonzero chekuti node idzi dziri pedyo nedzimwe nhengo dzinokosha uye zvirongwa zvehupenyu, izvo zviri muhombodo nemabvi akafukidzwa, mumakumbo uye nzvimbo ye inguinal. Mukuwedzera, ivo vari mumutsipa, pachipfuva uye mudumbu. Nokudaro, lymph nodes inopa kudzivirirwa kwakakwana kune zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana uye kumusoro kwemakumbo.

Mhando dze lymph nodes

Inofanira kunge yakanyatsorongeka kuti iyo yakasvibisa mafaira haisi munzvimbo dziri pamusoro apa chete. Lymphocapillaries inoperera zvose nhengo dzomukati. Mukuita kudaro, vanoita basa rimwe chete.

Saka, mumuviri womunhu kune mazvikwata akawanda emakirini anonzi lymph nodes, anoti:

• Intrathoracic;
• Bronchopulmonary;
• Ulnar;
• Splenic;
• Para-aortic;
• Mesenteric;
• Iliac (kunze, mukati, pamwe chete nevose);
• Inguinal (pamusoro pepamusoro uye mukati);
• Womukadzi;
• Poplites.

Nei lymph nodes inowedzera?

Zvimwe zvinokonzera lymph nodes yakawedzerwa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Panguva imwecheteyo, inofanirwa kuve yakanyatsozivikanwa kuti iyo inowanzobudisa cone inoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu akaipa mumunda mairi. Zvizhinji zvekuwedzera kwemakirinikodhi zvinosanganiswa nehupi hutachiona. Mukuwedzera, chirwere ichi chinowanzopikisana nemamiriro ekurara kwezwi.

Saka, regai tiongorore zvimwe zvikonzero nei uye pasi pezvirwere zvipi lymph nodes inowedzera kuvana nevakuru:

• Purulent nzira. Sezvo mutemo, nekuputsika kwakadaro pane izvo zvinonzi acute lymphadenitis. Kazhinji kacho izvi zvinowanzoitika nekuda kwekupinda kwemakiromita kubva kune maronda ayo ari munharaunda yekuwana imwe nhengo yeropa. Zviratidzo zvikuru zvekuputika uku kunosanganisira kuonekwa kwekuora mukati memaziso uye kubwinya kweganda. Kana, panguva yakadaro, iyo yakasununguka cone haisati yavhurwa, membrane ye node ichaputsa, uye pus ichapindira mukati memaviri akaipoteredza, zvichiita kuti pane zvinetso zvakakomba, zvinonzi phlegmon.
• Kuwedzera kwema-lymph nodes muvana kazhinji kunoratidza kuvapo kwechirwere chetachiona. Sezvo mutemo, une chirwere chakadaro, mhedzisi inoumbwa muchipfuva uye pamutsipa.
• Kakawanda chikonzero chemuviri wakakura wakaremera muvana vaduku ndeyeBaconella microbe. Vanotakura bhakitiriya akadaro makati, avo vanokanganisa vanowanzoonekwa mumwana. Iko kuburikidza nemarwaya aya kuti microbe inopararira zvakakurumidza kuburikidza nemakirinikiti uye inopinda node, iyo inowedzera kuwedzera uye inorwadza zvikuru. Nokudaro, chirwere chisina kuporesa purulent ronda, pamwe chete nekona iyo yakaonekwa kune mumwe nemumwe, inofanira kugara ichiratidza kukura kwechirwere chepachirwere chirwere.
• MuAVVI mune vanhu vakuru uye vana vanogona kusvika kumapoka akawanda emakiromodhi akawedzerwa. Chikonzero chekutsauka uku ndiko kupindura kwakanyanya kwemuviri wechirwere chekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere kusvika pakupinda kune chero mavairasi mumuviri wemurwere. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti lymph nodes mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro haawedzere zvakanyanya, asi kana vachinzwa vari kunorwadza.
• Zvirwere zvinotyisa, kunyanya syphilis, zvinokonzerawo lymph nodes yakakura. Muchiitiko ichi, murwere anokwanisa kuona micheche munzvimbo yakagadziriswa, pamwe nemaronda pamadzimai edzimba. Kusiyana nedzimwe zvirwere zvine syphilis, lymph nodes yakawedzerwa inogona kunge isingabatsiri, uye maererano, uye isingaonekwi nevanhu.
• Mapoka akawanda asingadi kupfurikidza emakirini anonzi lymph nodes angaratidza kuvapo kwezvirwere zvakakomba zvakadai seListeriosis, brucellosis, utachiona hweHIV kana kuti mononucleosis.

Kuwedzera kwemazamu mumatumbu

Kumhanyirira kuputika kunogona kuitika nekuda kwezvirwere zvinokonzerwa ne- lymphoproliferative (kana bundu racho pakutanga rakatanga kubva kune lymph node), uyewo kubva kumaronda emastastas. Kutsauka kwekutanga, kutanga kwezvose, is lymphosarcoma uye lymphogranulomatosis. Lymph nodes nezvirwere zvakadaro zvinowedzera kusvika kune masendimita mana kusvika mashanu uye zvinowedzera. Kunyange zvakadaro, kana uchinzwa, mahwende akaumbwa haana kurwadza. Nenzira, nekuwedzera kwekutanga kwemukati-mumimba kana intrathoracic lymph nodes zvirwere zvakadaro hazvibviri kuonekwa.

Ngationei mhinduro

Iye zvino unoziva kuti lymph nodes chii. Inofanira kuve yakanyatsorongerwa kuti kuwedzera kwezvikamu zvehutachiona hwemhuka kunofanira kunge yakangwarira murwere. Chikonzero cheizvi chiri nyore: chirwere ichi chinoratidza kuti mumuviri womunhu kune ngozi kune hupenyu hwake uye hutano hutano. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinokurudzirwa kuti iwe pakarepo ubvunze chiremba uye uwane chiremba chizere chekurapa.