Chii chinonzi chemasanganiswa motokari? Chinonyanya kunobatsira Mbeu dzakauchikwa Vehicles

motokari vakaberekwa zvishoma asi zvirokwazvo kuramba kurwira chinzvimbo motokari pamusika yose. The achifumira popularity mienzaniso uye kugadzirwa zvakadai dzinobatsira zvikuru chinangwa zvinhu - zvishoma nezvishoma ndichifumira mitengo kuti Diesel mafuta uye peturu, pakatanga zvikuru inoomesera zvinodiwa kuti waivako uye mutengo-kubudirira mitemo mitsva zvakatipoteredza kuti injini.

Vakaberekwa Vehicles: Chii?

"Mbeu dzakauchikwa" muchiLatin - chinhu vakawana somugumisiro kubatanidza zvinhu heterogeneous mavambo. Munyika motokari michina iri pfungwa iyi inosanganisira mubatanidzwa nezvemarudzi maviri powertrains. Zviri pamusoro womukati injini (chando) uye electric motor (nzira - injini, munhu compressed mhepo). In motokari iyi ano vagadziri Unoisa akangwara simba utariri enyika.

Kune mhando mbiri simba zvirimwa motokari VaNefirimu - yakazara (azere VaNefirimu) uye lightweight (vanyoro VaNefirimu). Tsanangudzo yokutanga ndiyo kunosanganisira yokusimbisa ane simba electric motor motokari, zvinobudirira aiwanzopiwa wokushanda pamwe womukati injini uye anokwanisa kupa kwebasa muchina panguva yakaderera nokukurumidza. The rekrisoriti shanduro electric motor kunopiwa chete vanotsigira basa.

A pfupi karwendo kupinda munhoroondo

Wokutanga kugadzirwa chemasanganiswa motokari "Toyota" (Toyota Prius liftback) akauya kure ungano mutsetse anenge maviri emakore apfuura, muna 1997. Makore maviri gare gare, "Honda" akaita akatanga muenzaniso Insight, uye pashure penguva yakati vokuJapan vagadziri akabatana European uye American repair pavarefu - "Ford", "Audi", "Volvo", "BMW". Pakazosvika 2014, uwandu VaNefirimu akatengesa rengarava akayambuka nomwe millionth chinhu.

Asi musafunga kuti dzomunyika injini uye electric motor ari vaviri vakarumbidzwa chete panguva pakuguma XX remakore. Dangwe pakati avtogibridov manzwisisiro edu iyezvino kwaiva Lohner-Porshe Semper Vivus - Car chakagadzirirwa nokuda kunozivikanwa yeAustria mugadziri Ferdinand Porsche shure muna 1900.

Mufungo chemasanganiswa propulsion

dzakafanana

For motokari umo yakafanana wedunhu iri rakatangwa, ndiko aitungamirira injini yomunyika kuvesa. Simba electric motor rine nokutsigira basa, kusanganisira panguva kumhanyisa kana braking, rokuzvivandudza rakaita kuti irambe simba uye mumatanda. The kwemashoko dzomunyika injini uye electric motor inopiwa kombiyuta kudzora hurongwa.

sachinja-chinja

Nyore dhayagiramu ane motokari remasanganiswa. Pfungwa dzacho kushanda inobva nokupfuuridzirwa torque kubva womukati injini jenareta, zvinowanisa magetsi uye akapa kuti bhatiri. Machine inofamba inopiwa wemagetsi simba chitima.

zvakasiyana

Option mawa vasinganyatsooni dzinotevedzana uye inofambirana matunhu. Kufambira kubva pachivara uye kutamira yakaderera aimhanya, motokari anoshandisa yemagetsi traction, uye munyika injini chinopa jenareta. Traffic kumusoro nokukurumidza kunoitika nokuda kwemashoko torque kubva womukati injini kuti nemotokari mavhiri. In pamberi dzakakwirira mitoro achakupaiwo yemagetsi ebetsero simba zvinotora pamusoro bhatiri. The kukurukurirana pamusoro electric motor uye dzomunyika injini kunoitwa kupfurikidza yemapuraneti giya.

zvakwakanakira

A vakaberekwa motokari anosanganisa zvakanakira munhu electric motor uye muchina pamwe injini. Betsero dze injini - torque kunoshamisa maitiro somunhu womukati injini - imvura mafuta uye zvakakunakira simba mabviro. Chinobudirira kwadzinoita chokutanga kakawanda kwamira uye kunotangira, hwokufananidzira guta nokutyaira, wechipiri - nguva dzose nokukurumidza. Zvazvisingarambiki zvakanakira tandem ichi:

• kunyatsoshanda (nokuti chete run ari vakaberekwa mafuta kuparadzwa 20-25% kudzika kupfuura dzekare womuenzaniso);
• yakakwirira simba chengetedza;
• zvipenyu (kwakaderedza uwandu inokuvadza choutsi mumhepo kuburikidza pfungwa mafuta kudya);
• Minimum akamedura Pedhi kusakara (inopiwa kuburikidza rokuzvivandudza rakaita kuti irambe braking);
• nani achimhanya waivako zviratidzo;
• kukwanisa aponese uye kunenge kushandiswa simba (okuchengetera muri mabhatiri uye anokosha capacitors).

kutadza

• High mutengo, nokuda kunzwisisa magadzirirwo simba chirimwa.
• Zvinodhura kugadzira spachiana nemotokari uye matambudziko kurasa mabhatiri.
• Nekaupenyu guru uremu.
• Battery susceptibility kuzvinzwira buditsa.

Chii motokari varidzi kuitei?

Car iyi munyika yose kuti kuudza ruzivo yavo uchikunda mugwagwa uye nemaonero enyika michina nokuongorora zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira vavo akajairwa yokutevedzera. Haana kuramba pasina kuteerera uye remasanganiswa mota. Reviews pakati dzazvinogara varidzi uchapupu hwavo hwakajeka rakavimbika michina izvi uye mukana zvinokosha mari dzemhuri bhajeti, kuenda kutenga mafuta. Yokupedzisira nani kunokosha zvikuru avo vanoda nzendo refu. Pakati zvazvakaipira pane mukuru Nokuraramisa mari VaNefirimu uye vakaipisisa tichienzanisa motokari chaiwo, cornering dzigadzikane.

Top yakanakisisa yokutevedzera

Toyota Prius ( "Toyota Prius")

Pioneer VaNefirimu mhuri, vakapakata dzemagetsi Motors maviri (simba 42 KW uye 60 KW), Rakabatanidzwa womukati injini ine 1,8 fő (tichikwanisa 98 l. C.). Kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza - 180 km / h. Nemhaka inokwanisika mutengo uye asina mafuta upfumi, Toyota Prius kwemakore akawanda, mutungamiri tichitarisa rokutengesa pakati vakwikwidzi wayo chidimbu.

Toyota Camry Mbeu dzakauchikwa ( "Toyota Camry")

The chemasanganiswa Motokari makuri mari chaizvo, anokwezva design, kunyaradzwa, mukuru processability. Chimwe chakanakira kwokusunungura munhu Toyota Camry pakati vamwe VaNefirimu, - nokukurumidza kumhanyisa (nokuti 7.4 masekonzi, muenzaniso uyu anogona mhanyisa kusvika 100 km / h).

Chevrolet Volt ( "Chevrolet Volt")

Practical mana hatchback yakanaka kumhanya unhu. Rechargeable spachiana (chivhariso-mu motokari remasanganiswa). It akashongedzerwa aine peturu injini (vhoriyamu 1.4 fő, 84 fő vanokwanisa. S.), Block lithium-Ion mabhatiri ane refu upenyu basa, uye electric motor kutyaira motokari. Mileage pamusoro yemagetsi dzomumaguta - vanenge 54-60? Km.

Volvo V60 Plug-mu ( "Volvo V60 Plug-mu")

First pakati avtogibridov muenzaniso turbodiesel injini (vhoriyamu 2.4 fő, 215 fő vanokwanisa. S., Average kudyiwa Diesel pa 100 km riri 1.9 litres). The zvinoita electric motor yacho Diesel chechitima ngoro akabvumira zvakaitika yemagetsi 50 makiromita.

Honda Civic Mbeu dzakauchikwa ( "Honda-Civic")

Car Developers kunge ukasavimba yakadaro inokosha nevatengi unhu sezvo kunyaradzwa, mafuta upfumi uye kushanda. The chikuru zvinoumba zvinobatsira Honda Civic Mbeu dzakauchikwa - compactness, ndezvokuti juxtaposed inokwana vakaberekwa kunokwana chaihwo kugadzirwa zvinogadzirisa, kushanda zvakanaka uye anokwezva nepurani.

Tarisiro, kana kero pfupi kune mutsoropodzi

Vakaberekwa Michina ane vatsigiri vayo uye vaimupikisa. Vamwe vanhu vari nechokwadi kukosha kwavo uye inobatsira vamwe regai tai kuratidza pezvatinokanganisa. Kana wagara watenga chaiwo motokari ine Diesel kana peturu injini, unoda kugadzirwa kwayo, pasi mafuta kuparadzwa, hwokugadzira uye kuita maitiro, zvinokwanisika kuti hazvina zvakakodzera kukurumidza pamwe kutengwa remasanganiswa. Mirira kusvikira Vagadziri achauyisa kutengesa zvimwe yemhando Bhaibheri.

Just usaora zvakare ruoko vakamirira chichiitwa, kuitira kuti kuzvidemba pamusoro vakarasika nguva uye nei iwe wanga kumbomira kutenga. Maererano nenyanzvi, mashoko vakaberekwa motokari munguva yemberi iri pedyo yaizova nevakawanda kuona mumigwagwa mumaguta makuru nemisha maduku. Panguva iyoyo vakafanotaura chinokosha kuwedzera aripo womuenzaniso siyana. Hybrids achatora nzvimbo akakodzera mumwe chidimbu motokari dzakatevedzana - kubva supercars kusvikira crossovers uye minivans-vashandi.