Chii chaiva chikonzero chikuru kuti kuparadzana machechi? East-West Schism

Kereke The Christian asina vakabatana. Zvakakosha chaizvo kuti vayeuke, tirege kuwira mwero, sezvo kazhinji chakaitika munhoroondo yacho chitendero. Kubva muTestamende Itsva tinoona kuti vadzidzi vaJesu Kristu muupenyu hwake vakanga nharo pamusoro pavo ndiko kukosha uye kukosha mune zvichiitika munharaunda. Vaviri vavo - John uye James - kunyange akakumbira zvigaro kurudyi uye kurudyi rworuboshwe Kristu muumambo kuuya. Pashure wendarama afa, chinhu chokutanga kuti akatanga kuita vaKristu - akakamurwa anorwisana mapoka akasiyana. Bhuku reMabasa uye mutsamba AVAPOSTORI dzinoshuma vaapostora vakawanda venhema, vatsauki, pamusoro vakabuda pakati pevaKristu vokutanga, uye nheyo munharaunda yake. Chokwadi, vaya kutarisa nevanyori New Testament ndima nenharaunda dzavo saizvozvo - sezvo vemanyepo uye schismatic vomunharaunda. Nei izvi zvichiitika uye chii chaiva chikonzero chikuru kuparadzana machechi?

Ante-Nicene Church kumwedzi

Kuti aiva chiKristu pamberi makore 325, tinoziva zvishomanana. We chete kuziva kuti ichi Mesiya kuitika mukati muchiJudha, iyo anosarudza muparidzi vaifamba anonzi Jesu. Aidzidzisa akarambwa vazhinji vevaJudha, uye Jesu pachake akarovererwa. Zvisinei, A vateveri shoma, akati kuti wamuka kuvakafa uye akataura naye saMesiya akapikirwa vaprofita Tanakh, uye uyo akauya kuzoponesa nyika. Atarisana zvachose kuramba pakati pehama dzavo, vakaparadzira shoko rake pakati pevahedheni, iyo akawana vateveri vakawanda.

weboka rokutanga pakati pevaKristu

Nokufamba ichi basa, uye akanga ake okutanga East-West Schism. Achisiya kuti mharidzo, vaapostora vakanga haungopiwi dzidziso waitaura zvaifanira kuitwa uye huripo rokuparidza. Naizvozvo, vakaparidza yakasiyana, zvakasiyana dzidziso dzaKristu uye pfungwa ruponeso uye vakaisa zvakasiyana yetsika uye zvechitendero mitoro kune vatsva. Vamwe vaitofanira vaKristu veMamwe Marudzi kudzingiswa, chengetai mitemo kashrut, kuti vachengete Mugovera uye kuita mamwe nemirau mutemo waMosesi. Zvisinei, vamwe, chikwereti Old Testament zvinodiwa dzose kwete chete nokuda vachangotendeuka vahedheni, asiwo pachavo. Kunze, mumwe akafunga Kristu saMesiya, muprofita, asi munhu, uye munhu ane chokupa ake sehwaMwari. Nokukurumidza rakasvika paumbwe dubious tsika dzakadai iri tsvinda Conception, nyaya pamusoro zvakaitika achiri muduku, uye vamwe. Kuwedzera zvose akasiyana zvinofungidzirwa rinoponesa basa Kristu. Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti zvikuru gakava uye kunetsana mukati vaKristu vokutanga uye akatanga East-West Schism.

Kubva kuna New Testament pachena kuoneka kusiyana maonero akafanana (kumirangariro yakawiriranwa kuramba mumwe) pakati vaapostora Petro, Jakobho uye Paul. Modern masayendisiti kuongorora kuparadzana makereke with Panguva iyi mapazi mana makuru echiKristu. Kuwedzera kune vatatu yekunwa vatungamiri vari kuwedzera davi John - somunhu kuparadzana uye akazvimirira chibvumirano kuti munharaunda. Zvose izvi zvakasikirwa tichifunga kuti Kristu haana kusiya chinhu gavhuna, chero mutsivi, uye haana kupa nhungamiro anoshanda nesangano kweChechi vakatendeka. New nzanga dzaiva zvachose kuzvimiririra, pasi chete simba muparidzi uye muvambi vatungamiriri vavo akasarudzwa mukati. Theology, yokunamata uye tsika dzaiva neimwe munharaunda ava akazvimirira. Saka, kuparadzana kubva Zvikamu aripo munharaunda yechiKristu kubvira pakutanga havana dzaiwanzova nedzidziso zvakasikwa.

Poslenikeysky kumwedzi

Pashure Constantine inonyoreswa chiKristu, uye kunyanya pashure gore 325, apo wokutanga Ecumenical Council muna reNicaea, iye akakuitira zvakanaka zvidzidzo bato chaizvoizvo anenge akazara akawanda dzimwe nzvimbo chiKristu vepakutanga. Avo zvakasara, vachizivisa vanyengeri ndave kurambidzwa. vatungamiriri vechiKristu chiso mabhishopi vakagamuchira mamiriro vakuru vehurumende vose pamutemo nemigumisiro nzvimbo yake itsva. Somugumisiro, mune kukomba ose mubvunzo akasimuka administrative marongerwo uye kurapa Church. , The poslenikeyskom Christianity akawedzera chimwe chikonzero chinokosha kana ndagovera nguva vaiva zvikonzero kuparadzana chechi dzidziso uye zvetsika zvine - enyika. Saka, shure muchechi fenzi aigona kuva akazvipira kafolik, uyo akaramba kuteerera nabhishopi wake, kana bhishopi, kwete kuzivikanwa somunhu wepamutemo simba pamusoro Somuenzaniso, pedyo yemo nzvimbo.

Kuparadzana nguva poslenikeyskogo

Takatodzidza paakaziva kuti akanga ari kukonzera nekupatsanurwa machechi panguva iyi. Zvisinei, vafundisi kazhinji vakaedza kupenda vavariro enyika redzidziso matauriro. Saka, iyi inopa mienzaniso mishoma kunzwisisa zvikuru zvakasikwa rinotsemuka - vaidavira dzidziso dzaArius (zita pashure mutungamiri wayo, muprista Arius), Nestorian (zita wendarama - tateguru Nestorius), Monophysite (kubva zita dzidziso imwe chete hunhu muna Kristu) uye nevamwe vakawanda.

The Great schism

Rinonyatsooneka kutsemura munhoroondo chiKristu rakauya pakutanga kwezana rokutanga uye rechipiri zvemakore. United kusvikira yeOrthodox mukatorike muna 1054 yakakamurwa dzikava mbiri akazvimirira zvikamu - kumabvazuva, yava kunzi Chechi yeOrthodox, uye kumadokero, rinozivikanwa yeRoma Katurike.

Zvikonzero paradzanisa muna 1054

Muchidimbu, chinoita kuti kuparadzana chechi 1054 - enyika. Chokwadi chokuti hweRoma panguva iyoyo aiva maviri akazvimirira zvikamu. Eastern muumambo hwacho - Byzantium - mitemo yaKesari, ane choushe uye muzinda yaiva Constantinople. Mambo akanga ari musoro wekereke. Western Empire chaizvoizvo anotonga bhishopu weRoma, kusimbiswa ake, zvose zvenyika uye zvokunamata simba, uye kuwedzera, anoti hurumende uye machechi Byzantine. On hwaro ichi Chokwadi, nokukurumidza akasimuka kusawirirana uye kurwisana, sezviri dzakawanda dzechechi maruramiro mumwe. Petty, chokwadi, chicanery chamuita kuti zvakakomba kukakavadzana.

Pakupedzisira, muna 1053 machechi ose Latin setsika dzakavharwa nokuda hurongwa bhishopi weConstantinople Mihaila Kerulariya. Mukupindura, Pope Leo IX akatuma guru Byzantine embasi inotungamirirwa Cardinal Humbert, uyo akadzingwa muchechi kubva kukereke Michael. Achipindura, tateguru vakaungana Cathedral uye wezvikamu anathematized papa wokuSiriya. Kamwe mukati makadirwa sedzisina, uye Ukama Inter-chechi mberi nenzira inozivikanwa. Asi makore makumi maviri gare gare, zvakanga Pakutanga kurwa muduku akanga seurongwa unokosha weboka Church yechiKristu.

kutendeuka

Akatevera guru schism muchiKristu, ndiye chidzoke of Protestantism. Zvino makore 30 XVI remakore apo mumongi German of Augustinian Order vakapandukira chiremera bhishopu weRoma, uye akamboda kutsoropodza nhamba redzidziso, chirango, yetsika uye zvimwe zvokudya yeRoma. Chii chaiva chikonzero chikuru kuti kuparadzana kereke nguva ino - zvakaoma kupindura zvinonyatsoteerera. Luther aiva muKristu nechokwadi, uye nokuda iye huru vavariro yakanga kurwira kuchena kutenda.

Chokwadi, kufamba ake akava political simba uye kuti kusunungurwa machechi German pasimba Papa. Uye ichi, uyewo, yakakanda rokunyika ruoko, vasisiri akamanikidza zvinodiwa Rome. Zvikonzero zvacho ndizvo zvinoitawo kuti Mapurotesitenzi vakaramba zvinogoverwa pakati pavo. nokukurumidza, munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope vakatanga kuonekwa kwavo dzidziso of Protestantism. The Catholic Church akatanga kusvuta crack panguva vazvo - nyika vazhinji kwakadonha kubva muchadenga kuti simba Rome, apo vamwe vakanga vava kuda kwayo. Mapurotesitenzi pachavo panguva iyoyo havana kuva simba chete yomudzimu, imwe muzinda, uye zviri fananei kwesangano mhirizhonga yevaKristu vepakutanga. Mamiriro ezvinhu ari kuchengetwa zvakavapoteredza nhasi.

rinotsemuka ano

Chii chaiva chikonzero chikuru kuti kuparadzana machechi ari yekare, takawana kunze. Chii chinoitika nechiKristu panhau iyi nhasi? Chokutanga, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti zvinokosha kunogadzirisa makakatanwa sezvo Reformation asisiri simuka. Huripo machechi kuramba rakakamurwa zvakafanana mumwe mumapoka maduku. Pakati Orthodox Old Vatendi vaiva Old Calendar uye catacomb rinotsemuka, yeKaturike uyewo akaparadzanisa mamwe mapoka, uye kuramba aputse Mapurotesitenzi, kubvira pakutanga kwayo. Nhasi, nhamba Protestant masangano - vanopfuura zviuru makumi maviri. Zvisinei, hapana chitsva haana kuzviratidza, kunze kwenguva shoma poluhristianskih Masangano akaita raMomoni Church uye Zvapupu zvaJehovha.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti, chokutanga, nhasi vakawanda machechi haana chokuita hurumende enyika, uye akaparadzaniswa mamiriro. Uye chechipiri, pane Ecumenical kufamba, izvo anotsvaka kuunza pamwe chete, kana musingadi nokubatanidza machechi akasiyana-siyana. Under izvi ezvinhu, chikuru chinokonzera kuparadzana machechi - dzidziso. Nhasi, vanhu vashoma zvakakomba reconsidering dzidziso, asi resonance yakakura mugamuchire motokari kuti rokugadza vakadzi, ngochani kuroorana muchato, etc. Achipindura izvi, mumwe boka inomira kunze mumwe, achitora ayo nenzvimbo musimboti, unochengeta yose ndizvo zviri chiKristu node.