Characters kuti "Tenzi Margarita". The vanonyanya kutaurwa Romana Bulgakova

Mihaila Bulgakova nganonyorwa - chinoshamisa zvechokwadi uye kwakajeka basa nguva yaro. Kwemakore akawanda, hazvina kubuda nokuda chakasimba zvemagariro. Vazhinji vacho vaiva "Tenzi Margarita" nematongerwo vanhu chaivo, vakakurumbira inofananidza Soviet Union uye pedyo pedenderedzwa munyori, nekuti akanga tichingotama vava kuda vachisungwa. Vazhinji magamba Bulgakov akamupa ruvengo dzevanhu unhu.

History of yokufungidzira

Musi chaiyo haizivikanwi basa yokufungidzira. Mune dzimwe drafts Bulgakov Set muna 1928, mune dzimwe - 1929. Absolutely zvinozivikanwa kuti muna March 1930 munyori vakapisa pakadhindwa basa yokutanga. Izvi zvakaitika nokuda kurambidzwa ari kutamba "The Cabal pamusoro Vanyengeri".

Zvino huripo wenyaya yokufungidzira akazviratidza muna 1937, Bulgakov asati akadana basa rake "Fantasy yokufungidzira" (chinyorwa chepiri) uye "Muchinda Rima" (Second edition).

Zvarakanyorwa zvachose nganonyorwa waiva mangwanani muzhizha 1938, asi Mikhail Bulgakov nayo akarondedzera rufu. Vose, basa iri huru basa rakanga raitwa muupenyu makore anopfuura gumi.

Zvinosuruvarisa, munyori haana kukwanisa kuona basa rake rakabudiswa. Racho yokufungidzira wokutanga akatora nzvimbo muna 1966 mune rimwe magazini chaiko. Yakakomba chidimbu akanga kupetura, asi nemhaka pakusikwa mukadzi Bulgakov kuti "Tenzi uye Margarita" zvisinei akava nyika akakurumbira. testamende Roman kuti munyori mukuru awana kusafa.

The vanonyanya kutaurwa kuti "Tenzi Margarita"

Munyori pachake pashure pokuparadzwa wokutanga shanduro bhuku akaratidza kuti akapisa imwe itsva pamusoro dhiabhori. Voland, chokwadi, iri huru kukonzera basa. Iye pasina mubvunzo rinokosha hunhu.

Pamwe chete Satani vanonyanya kutaurwa pamusoro yokufungidzira - ndiTenzi uye Margarita, pasinei kuti kuonekwa kure pakutanga bhuku. Master anongowanika chitsauko 12, Margarita, uye kuti ipapo - iri navapfumbamwe.

Kune hypotheses vazhinji philological nyika kuti ndiani kutungamirira hunhu. Sezvo musoro basa uye chinzvimbo mufananidzo mubhuku Woland, sarudzai matatu chete kuzivikanwa.

Voland

Kokutanga muverengi asangana Woland pamavambo ebhuku. Uye pakarepo mufananidzo wake pave ane zvakawanda pfungwa. Features nounhu anogona kuoneka maererano nezviito zvake, uwirirane kwokunze zvinhu. By pacharo, ndiko hunyambiri mufananidzo, saka maziso mavara akasiyana, dzakakwirira siyana uye nevagari vayo. Yokutsoropodza. anokunyengedzera, ndizvo zvose rupo uye anokudzwa.

Hazvishamisi Berlioz uye Ivan, wokutanga uyo akaona Professor Woland, vakavhiringwa uye kungodzungaira dzinopesana manzwiro avo. Stories inoudza vatorwa mugari, havawani pfungwa tsanangudzo vateereri.

Asi Woland akasvika Moscow haana kutakura nyaya. Aiva nechinangwa chaicho chaizvo izvo kunomubatsira aite rimwe diabolical navaranda. Dzinoronga muguta guru nyonganyonga. Theater "Kusiyana-siyana" rava nzvimbo purogiramu kutsinga. Ladies akanga akavimbiswa rokwe itsva, pakupedzisira, vakamhanya vari andapeni yake. Kusingatauriki upfumi kudonha kubva kumusoro, uye ipapo akava inokosha pepa.

Chinangwa asvika panyika Woland uye ake navaranda kwainzi chirango kukundikana kutevedza mirairo zvebhaibheri. Chaizvoizvo, pamwe ndiro mufananidzo wokutanga dhiyabhorosi mumabhuku achitsvaka yokufudza zvakanaka uye zvakaipa, chiedza uye rima.

Messer akati vamwe vatambi kuti akauya Moscow kudzidza achangobva kuwanikwa zvinyorwa, bata chirongwa kuti kutsinga uye kutamba.

It chinotanga panguva bhora Woland mavara vake vechokwadi. Muverengi rinotaurwa Satani pachake. Kutora evatsigiri vake, akanga akavanda munyika inotevera zuva rakatevera.

Origin Woland kwete pakarepo pachena. Nyanduri pokugara nezvishamiso, kwete mutorwa kana navazikani vake itsva, nekuti zvose zviri muzvinafundo anopa mutorwa: nzira, matauriro, maitiro ake.

Mikhail Bulgakov akakwereta zita protagonist ari nhetembo "Faust" by Goethe. Voland, kana Faland - mumwe zita yaDhiyabhorosi. vaongorori vakawanda vanobvumirana kuti zvikabva Satani pachake akava mutungamiri dzavanhu - I. V. Stalin, umo uyewo Woland, akaenda anodzvinyirira uye murume akanaka.

muchinda Sweet yerima anomuti haana chete se "Ishe" uye "va", saka zita Woland muverengi anodzidza kwete pakarepo.

tenzi

Tenzi - akapedza kudzidza wenhoroondo, uyo nguva dzose aida paaivatambudza mabasa kunyora. Mushure mukuwana rotari aiva mukana wakadaro. Akava Musiki itsva pamusoro Pondiyo Pirato uye Jesu, avo pachavo nenzira nokuenzanisa zviitiko Gospel asi ukasvika anenge kuti kupenga pashure basa rake kubatanidzwa nines.

zita gamba haina kutaurwa mubhuku Bulgakov. Zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "Tenzi" Margaret akamupa vadiwa vake. Zvisinei, akanga nekunyadzisa nokuda kurapa kwakadaro. Aigara kudziviswa mamiriro ezvinhu apo ndaitofanira nokuzvideedza. Nyanduri Ivan pekugara , iye anoti kuti haana zita uye zita remhuri.

External zviri chimiro zvisipo. Zviri pachena kuti hazvina anokwezva, asi chinodiwa mumaziso ake erases ose Gloss. Iye anenge makumi mana okuberekwa, ndiye rima-haired uye nguva dzose ndebvu, kunyange muchipatara.

Muverengi uchanzwisisa chokwadi chokuti Tenzi kubva decommissioned Bulgakov, uye ukama Margaret akanyatsojeka zvakafanana hwake nomudzimai wake wechitatu Elena Sergeevna. Mudzidzisi, uyewo Mikhail Bulgakov, akapisa yokufungidzira ake uye Margarita, uyewo Elena Shilovskaya anoponesa ayo mapfupa.

Vezera sezvo vemifananidzo vaviri uye ukama hwavo naye mabhuku vatsoropodzi, nekuti Bulgakov pachake anoramba asina kusekwa uye kutambudzirwa basa ravo.

The nganonyorwa haisiri rinorondedzerwa sei Tenzi zvikanzwika kuchipatara chepfungwa. Vamwe vatsoropodzi chaiko vanotenda kuti ichi ndicho chokupedzisira itsva kuremara edition, vamwe vanoomerera kuti saizvozvo munyori anoita zvinofambidzana udzvanyiriri 30-ies, kana munhu aigona zvachose.

Margaret

Margarita Nikolaevna - Masters musikana, vakaparadzaniswa vavanoda. Iye nomufaro anobvuma chikumbiro kuva mambokadzi Woland panguva bhora sezvo anovimbisa kuzadzisa mumwe nokuchiva kwayo. Margaret aishuva kuti dzibatane Tenzi, iyo pakupedzisira chakaitika nokuti Satani.

Name Margarita muverengi haazivi kusvikira pakati yokufungidzira, Tenzi haadi mudiwa wake.

Margarita - iri mufananidzo seboka, zvakawanda zvikuru Gretchen ( "Faust" by Goethe) uye emunyori mudzimai Elena Shilovskaya. Kunyanya, zvinorondedzerwa musangano Tenzi uye Margarita - Bhuku chaiwo Bulgakov kuda mudzimai wake.

Vamwe vatsvakurudzi kuona zvinhu French vanamambokadzi Margaret (marguerite of Valois uye Margo Navarrskoy), uye muzvinyorwa pane kurehwa akafanana (mutsara Koroviev hunhu ukama chete French youmambo).

Margarita vanotaurwa muna yokufungidzira, yakanaka asi akaboora mukadzi vakanochengeta murume anowana zvinoreva upenyu pashure musangano pamwe Tenzi.

NA Bulgakov akaita chikuru unhu chiratidzo chorudo uye chibayiro, uye tsigiro nokuda neMuse ari munyori, vakagadzirira kupa upenyu hwake nokuda anodiwa.

madhimoni vatambi

Woland vake boka racho kazhinji pachavo vari kukonzera zvose yokusagadzikana kuitika muMoscow. Dzimwe ndivo chete vaiona. Evatsigiri kwaSatani zvose shanu. Mumwe ane pachako basa rayo, avo basa.

Koroviev-Fagot anoita se nemunhu uye interprenera, ndiko - zvakafanana rworudyi tenzi wake. zita rake rine zvikamu zviviri. Cow - zvinobva zita gamba nyaya "The noMusha Stepanchikovo". Bulgakov zvaJehovha Koroviev ane hwakawanda zvinhu Korovkina afunga Dostoevsky. Chikamu chechipiri zita - musoro chiridzwa. Pane munyori anotungamirirwa zvokunze date hunhu, nekuti, kufanana bassoon, Bulgakov daemon matete, yakakwirira, uye hapana katatu kuita tenzi kudzidziswa.

Koroviev-Fagot raimiririra mabhii ebhuku mushanduri, ari regent, unyanzvi mubiridziri. Wechokwadi chifukidzo chake, dhimoni uye dhiabhori kushamisa pakarepo. Asi dzakateerera muverengi uchaona kuti pane gamba munyaya. Sezvariri anobva Moscow inopisa mhepo (maererano nengano chakaipisisa kupisa, ari harbinger yokusvika mauto zvakaipa).

Cat Bhehemoti - gamba kuti anogona kuedza chero chimiro. unhu iyi inofananidzira profligacy uye makaro, ariwo kufarira dandadzo pamusoro Woland, ake jester.

Bulgakov unhu ichi wakatangwa chete nokuda satirical uye chinosetsa manotsi yakarukwa kupinda kunzwisisa kwouzivi uye tsika pfungwa yokufungidzira. Zvinonzi kutaura nezvazvo uye zvose akaita katsi Bhehemoti (shootout pamwe matikitivha, bhora wechesi pamwe changamire, makwikwi vaipfura Azazello).

Hella - tsika anogona kuita chero basa. A munhukadzi Vampire chinhu chinokosha muranda Voland. Muna yokufungidzira, iye hunorondedzera mutema takangwaririra with refu tsvuku bvudzi, izvo chinoita pachena mudenga. Izvi rinopa chaiyo nokushamwaridzana muroyi. Kupa mushandi wake Margarita, Voland rinoratidza ayo promptness, kubatsirana uye ungwaru.

Zvinotarisirwa kuti vazhinji zvaidiwa Vampire Hella, Bulgakov vakasora munyaya "The Vampire" by Alexei NdiTolstoy. Kubva ipapo, smacking uye nekudzvanya meno, aSatani kutsvodana, nokuti iyo Varenukha asisiri vakakanda mumvuri uye ave Vampire. Hella - tsika ndiye chete yose navaranda vose Woland haana muzvirongwa pachimiro rokupedzisira kutiza.

Azazello anooneka somunhu kubatana, mumwe recruiter nokuti dema mabasa changamire. Chose asingakwezvi hunhu, pfupi, pamwe matsvuku, muchibudisira kwakasiyana-siyana, bvudzi, yakabudikira fangs. Pedzisa mufananidzo bvumidzwa reganda neshangu, bowler ngowani pamusoro wake uye ane mitsetse suit Azazello. Margarita, kekutanga paakamuona, akadana gamba makororo Mug.

NoKuparadza ariko kumwe necheseri, uye yakasiyana navamwe vake tsitsi nemaonero vose munyika zvakaipa uye runako nyika.

yemubhaibheri vatambi

Biblical chikamu yokufungidzira "Tenzi Margarita" rakanyorwa Bulgakov kwakavakirwa Evhangeri yaMateu, asi anoshandisa mazita Aramaic kuti inokurukurwa kare rakarurama (Yeshua panzvimbo Jesu).

The mubhaibheri nyaya emunyori yokufungidzira iri muzvikamu zvitatu. Wokutanga anoudza Voland ari tateguru vake mumadziva, hope Nyanduri pekugara, kuverenga wechitatu Margarita rechipiri. Muzvitsauko yemubhaibheri, pane ndima dzakawanda dzinotaura kuti Soviet hurongwa simba uye kutarisira.

Characters kuti "Tenzi Margarita" - Aphranius (mapurisa epachivande mukuru Pirato), Judhasi (mugari Yershalaim uya Jesu), Iosif Kaifa (mupristi, iye akatuma Jesu kuti rufu), Leviy Matvey (mudzidzi Jesu, uyo amupfura pamuti), Pondiyo Pirato uye Jesu, uyewo vamwe vatambi vakawanda.

Pondiyo Pirato

Gavhuna weJudhiya akadana kuona njodzi Yeshua Ha-vakatongerwa rufu. Tough nokudzvinyirira murume, akasarudza pamusoro abvunzurudzwe kupomerwa. Panguva nenhaurirano ichi, Pondiyo Pirato chaizvo zvakazara Jesu, asi pasinei zvishamiso, kumuratidza (Ha-arapwa migraine gavhuna), rufu hwakasimbiswa.

Nokuda tsitsi yake Yeshua Pirato akatonga pamusoro kutsiva. Anoudza kuuraya munhu azviveza Ha-kutsikwa neSanihedrini.

Pondiyo Pirato uye Jesu zvakazadza mumwe asingatsananguriki kunzwa, nokuti izvo tatambura kwoupenyu hwake. Aiziva kuti akanga asaina mutongo wake zvechokwadi chishamiso. Saka, zvose ake upenyu mumuviri chavanoziva mujeri, iye oga uye zvakasikwa. Mumakore okupedzisira kutiza Satani Woland akabvunza nemuvengi wake kupa rusununguko Pirato, zvaakaita.

Jesu Ha-

The mubhaibheri Nyaya yokufungidzira rakasiyana vhangeri zvinhu zvizhinji, izvo zvisina kucherechedzwa Bulgakov. Joshua rinotaura zvake, aiva chipo tsitsi, uyo haunted noruzhinji vatapatiri uye vateveri. Chaizvoizvo, nokuda nokusanzwisisana kwavo mharidzo aJoshua, uye vokupedzisira yakanga yava kuda kufa. Jesu anoudza Pirato imwe kunyanya nyanyisa stalker, mangled mashoko ake. zita rake riri Leviy Matvey. Tenzi Margarita pakupedzisira achiwana akanga akamirirwa kwenguva refu nekuvongwa rugare naye.

Most mabhuku Vatsoropodzi anorondedzera sezvo antipode kuti Yeshua Woland. Zvisinei, pane mumwe, zvikuru kunakidza Bhaibheri. Jesu haasi kumumvuri kuna Jesu. The gamba pamusoro Bulgakov - ndiye musimboti unyengeri, ari chifukidzo, izvo rusununguko nomudzimu guises siyana. Zvichida shanduro iyi akaberekwa nokuda dzechitendero zvaunofarira kumunyori. Akanga asiri kuchitsigira Mwari, asi kwete vakanamatira mirairo chechi.

Jesu akasiyana Gospel raJesu nezvokuzadziswa yokuberekwa uye upenyu uye maonero. Iye akaiswa pachake somunhu muzivi asi yokufungidzira hazvina zvakananga yakati. Joshua anoti zvose varume zvakanaka, Jesu anoti muvhangeri kuti zvakanaka uye zvakaipa zviripo pamwe mumwoyo womunhu.

Munyori Maonero kuti mutambi zvakajeka zvikuru. Bulgakov iye anonzwira tsitsi uye rinotsigira rupo uye kwehumunhu Jesu, zvisinei, asingadi kuziva huMwari maari uye havana kuona pfungwa yokuzvipira.

Moscow vatambi

Characters kuti "Tenzi Margarita" kunyanya vakakopa vanhu chaivo, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko yakapinza parodies vavo. Somuenzaniso, zvikabva Archibald Archibaldovich akanga Yakov Rozental, resitorendi sydäntä imba maneja (anoratidzwa mune itsva muresitorendi Griboyedov imba).

Munguva yokufungidzira, muverengi anoona Parody of Moscow Art Theater Director Nemirovich-Danchenko mukutarisana Bengal, njodzi iri vane munyori ruvengo kune yokutsoropodza. enyika "muchayamwa-up" (akanga musoro).

Vamwe magamba nomunyori haana angazvinetserei kuchinja mazita. Somuenzaniso, muna Annushka vanogona kudzidza muvakidzani Bulgakov, uye Dr. Kuzmin chokwadi chiremba hwomwana.

Bulgakov anoshandisawo mazita nevakurukuri (Likhodeev, Bogohulsky, Asina Shangu), izvo anoita somunhu rondedzero vanotaurwa yakananga. "Tenzi uye Margarita" - kwete itsva yacho munyori, umo iye anoshandisa prototypes wokutanga. Somuenzaniso, mu "The White Guard", iye sketched nemufananidzo Nikolka turbine pamwe mukoma wake.

Mikhail Bulgakov - zvinoshamisa munyori, achikwanisa kushanda mumwe kuimba yakanaka rudo nyaya, musoro rusununguko, kupindura zvinonetsa mibvunzo nevazivi uye dzakaonda, chaizvoizvo vamwe zvahungava hwakaita zvakavimbika, tara satirical skits, vatambi vaiva chinonyanyisa kuvanhu vake.