Cellular concretes: mhando, nhoroondo chidzoke uye kutsanangurwa kushandiswa

Cellular kongiri vari chakagadzirwa nematombo zvinhu, zvinosanganisira yakananga kunyorerana mumiririri uye kuva muzvizhinji kuti upraised masero shnyh, izvo zvakaenzana anoparadzirwa mukati. Zvino kune marudzi mazhinji. Gradation kunoitika kuburikidza parameters dzakadai mhando bhainda, kukura kwebasa chikumbiro, uye mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu okurapa.

kupatsanura

Zvichienderana bhainda cellular kongiri akakamurwa zvinotevera mhando - furo kongiri uye aerated kongiri, foamed gypsum uye gazogips, foamed silicate uye gasi silicate, uye penomagnezit uye gazomagnezit. Muchiitiko chokutanga, kuti bhainda ari esimende, rechipiri - mukuru simba gypsum rechitatu - reraimu, uye wechina - magnesia zvinoriumba.

Maererano parameter ichi, sezvo kuri kuitwa kushandiswa, concretes akakamurwa chafariz uye STRUCTURAL uye kumbogadzirwa kuti mudziye. Wokupedzisira ambotaurwa zvibereko cellular kongiri (kutigumbura) vanoonekwa ne kumusoro simba uye anogona kushandiswa kuvaka mutoro inobereka zvivako.

Maererano solidification nzira, pane dzinongoitika uye chakagadzirwa nzira. Wokutanga mhando anoomesa pasi pokudzora ratinoona ezvinhu, uye wechipiri - nokuda hwemvura kurapwa.

Nyaya

yokutanga munhoroondo mashoko akadai cellular kongiri The pamusoro chivakwa zvinhu, musi shure 1889. Ipapo Czech musayendisiti Hoffman akanga aerated ne D Chakawedzera chloride uye carbonate munyu kuti samende slurry. Somugumisiro, makemikari zvakaitwa kwakaitika somugumisiro iyo gasi-effusing. Nokufamba kwenguva, mushonga wakange Rakasimbisa, uye porous marongerwo yakaumbwa mairi. Papera makore gumi vokuAmerica uye Dyer Aulsvort somunhu upfu gasi-dzichiumbwa rinoshandiswa, zvinosanganisira netsvina zingi, aruminiyamu uye dzimwe simbi. The kukurukurirana rehydrogen asunungurwa, kuridza basa ane intumescent chirungiso. Hazvina kuvamba uyu hwaro ano kugadzirwa aerated kongiri.

nomupiro Great kuti kukura kwezvinhu zvokuvakisa akaita Swedish vakatanga Ericsson. Muna 1920, iye zvinganaka distend mhinduro nokuwedzera siliceous zvinhu uye simende. Vakaomeswa mwoyo iyi ngaive munzvimbo autoclave panguva kumanikidzwa 8 atmospheres. Pashure paizvozvo cellular kongiri nenzira iyi zvakatanga kubudiswa kuSweden pacharo, uye ipapo mune dzimwe nyika. Nokufamba kwenguva, isu vakaumba nemarudzi maviri chete. Wokutanga ava gasi silicate, achimirira kongiri pamwe porous yakarongeka, raisanganisira musanganiswa kwesuko uye siliceous yokuvirisa. Muna 1934, kwakanga kuno wechipiri tarirai - siporex - sos toyaschy pamusoro siliceous zvinoriumba uye Portland simende.

Modern kugadzirwa uye kukura

Kazhinji cellular kongiri (GOST 21520-89) rava kuwanika muchimiro zvinogumbura. Ivo vanoonekwa rimwe inonyanya zvokuvakisa (pamwe zvedongo zvidhinha). Kana kukura, zviri zvikuru zvakawanda, nokuti kutigumbura izvi chakavakwa zvose kubva zvavo mukati masvingo, uye anopera mutoro-kubereka masvingo. Mureza kwemavara kutigumbura ndiyo 600h300h200 millimeters. Zvisinei, pa chikumbiro, uye vamwe. In Kana apo arambe achirema nendiro ndiyo makirogiramu asingasviki mazana mashanu chete cubic meter, rinogona kushandiswa kunyange muchimiro kupisa-insulating rukoko.