Botanical Garden RAS: iri kupi? Mifananidzo

Iyo ndiyo munda mukuru webhodani weRussia - Chikoro cheRussia Academy cheScience chinonzi mushure meNV Tsitsin chinonzi inonyanya kukosha munyika yedu neEurope. Pakupedzisira kwezhizha, akapemberera zuva rekuberekwa kwake makumi manomwe.

Nhoroondo

Nhoroondo yekare yebindu rebhodhoro yakakosha uye yakafuma. Zuva rezvisikwa, rakapinda mumapepa - 1945. Gore rino , rakagadziriswa kuronga munda mutsva webhodani panzvimbo dze Academy yeScience yeU.SR iri panzvimbo ye Ostankino Park .

Makore mazana mana munharaunda yeimba iyo "Ostankino" yaiva masango asina kuparadzwa maiva nemisha yakapararira. Nzvimbo dzakadaro dzakanga dzakagadzirirwa kuvhima vatsinki nemabheya nevechimambo huntsmen. Kubva muna 1558, nyika iyi, iyo yakabhadharwa kuna Satin Alexei Ivan the Terrible, yakatsiviwa nevatenzi vakawanda.

Kubvira muna 1743 "Ostankino" inopinda mumaoko emaSheremetyevs kuburikidza nemuchato waPeter Borisovich kuna Princess Varvara Cherkasskaya. Mushure mezvose, mudzimai wemunguva yemberi akawana nzvimbo yakawanda pahotera yake, kusanganisira iyo nzvimbo. Mushure mechinguva kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo iyi yakasiyana-siyana kuchasangana nemwanakomana wavo Nikolai Sheremetyev. Anotanga kurambidzwa kwekufudza zvipfuwo, kutema miti, kuvhima, kutora maroki, mushwa, uye zvinoda mutungamiri kuti arege kutendera muouki grove "gulyaschikov."

Kuguma kwezana remakore rechina rechina kwakaratidzwa nekudzvara kwemvura, kudyara zvisina kurongwa, kusadzivirirwa kuparadzwa kwemhuka dzesango neshiri.

Mushure mekuvandudzwa, mitemo yakaiswa pakurambidzwa kwekugadzira miti yemasango-nzvimbo dzepaki, izvo zvakanyatsomiswa kunyange munguva yakaoma yehondo, saka kuchengetedza dzimba yeOstankino.

Zvirimwa zvebindu

Bindu rebhananasi reRussia Academy of Sciences, zvikurukuru iyo iri pakati, ndiyo nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa yakasikwa yenzvimbo yedondo. Ikoko hakuna rusununguko rusununguko rwemaArave, miti yomuouki ine makore anenge 160, kunyange zvazvo kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinosvika makore mazana matatu. Kune mabhirikiti, maples, spruce, aspens of mountain ash, nezvimwe. Miti yemiti yakavanza mabhuru makuru: hazel, buckthorn, honeysuckle, spindle grass. Pasi pavo, gorosi rine uswa hwemhepo ine simba, mapapu, mapupa, zvinonhuwira zvemupata, bhudzi remvere, stellate, nezvimwewo. Vanokura mumiti yemiti yemiouki, iyo inozivikanwa seyero yeCentral Russian yakazara-yeavedhi.

Zvose zvakasanganiswa uye kuratidzwa kwebindu ndezvese zvepanyama uye zvinofanirwa zvakakodzera kune oak uye birch miti inokura pano.

Nhasi, Botanical Garden yeTsitsin RAS ndeye 331 hekta yekusarudzira mari yakasiyana. Iyo inopfuura 18 000 marudzi uye marudzi ezvirimwa kubva kumakona akasiyana enyika yedu. Muna 1991, mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, munda mukuru weRussian botanical yakapiwa zita remudzidzisi mukuru uye muchengeti wezvinomera, mukurudzi uye geneticist Nikolai Vasilievich Tsitsin, akatungamira kwemakore anopfuura 35, kubva pazuva rokutanga raro sheyo.

Territorial separation

Pakusika bindu, basa guru raiva rekugadzirisa zviratidzo zvakavharwa uye zvakasununguka zvinogona kutumira zvakakwana sezvinobvira nzvimbo yakasikwa yakasikwa. Semuenzaniso, nokuda kwekuratidzwa kwemiti yemiti ye USSR, kugovana kwakaitwa:

- Chikamu cheEuropean Union;

- North North;

- nharaunda yeSiberia;

- Central Asia;

- Far East.

Pane imwe neimwe yeizvi nzvimbo, zviitiko zvakasikwa zvakasikwa zvaive zviri pedyo neichoicho. Zvakadai sokuti: kudururira jecha rinokosha, mabwe, madziva emvura kana nzizi zvakasikwa kuti kuwedzere mvura, kana kuti mashizha akavakwa akavakwa. Miti yose yakasimwa mumakwikwi anowanikwa mune chaiwo chaiwo.

Bhuku reBotanical reRussia Academy of Sciences pakuedzwa kwezvitsva zvitsva zvesva yakava nzvimbo yekuiswa kwekutsvayamisa vana.

Zviratidzo zviripo nhasi, zvakagamuchira mamwe mazita. Mavari anounzwa michero yemiti yeFar East, Siberia, Central Asia, Caucasus uye Eastern Europe.

Panzvimbo huru nhasi uno unogona kuona michero yakawanda, coniferous-yakakura-yakasvibiswa, chiedza coniferous, masikati emasiferous masango, mahoango, steppes nemafuta.

Kuunganidza gungano rekurima kunoda kubviswa kwakanyatsonaka kwemiti kubva mumasikirwo. Nokuda kweizvi, kubva muna 1946, kufamba kwakatumirwa kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeSoviet Union. Kunyanya kutarisirwa kwakabhadharwa kune zvisikwa zvisingaoneki kana zvisingakanganisi.

Kusiyana kwehutano hwebindu kunoramba kuchichinja. Yakanga yakasiyana zvikuru muna 1990. Nhasi Bindu reRussia Academy of Sciences inzvimbo yezororo yevatorwa uye vashanyi veguta racho.

Vashanyi veguta racho, vachishanyira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zveguta guru, zvinofanira kusvika kumunda webhodani weRussia Academy of Sciences. Moscow, inomiririra munda mukuru wenyika, inopa kuongorora zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvemiti.

Zviratidzo zvemaruva eEastern Europe uye zvinomera zveCentral Asia

Inenge 6 mahekitare ndiyo kuratidzwa kwemaruva eEastern Europe. Kune marudzi anopfuura mazana matatu nemhando yemhando: anenge makumi maviri emarudzi ezvirimwa zvakasvibirira, zvinenge makumi matatu nemakumi matatu emashirubby uye anopfuura mazana maviri eminda yemichero inonzi herbaceous, zhinji iyo yakabva kuCarpathians.

Iyo yebindu guru rebhodanini rinonzi after Tsitsin RAS rine chinyorwa chekare kupfuura zvose zveCentral Asia. Yakaiswa nguva pfupi hondo isati yasvika kuSparrow Hills panharaunda yeMoscow Botanical Garden yeU.SR Academy of Sciences. Mushure mehondo, akanyatsotaridzirwa kune chikamu chemaruva (aive muOstankino). Asi inowanikwa kune vashanyi chete muna 1953. Pano takadzokorora zvinyorwa zvezvisikwa zvepasi uye nzvimbo dzepasi. Nzvimbo dzekudzikinura kwemakomo uye mahombekombe dzakasikwa kubva mudenga guru. Munharaunda iyi mune coniferous uye masango masango, mikoko yeAlpine uye subalpine, steppes uye makomo ematombo, uye marudzi mazhinji emiti inoparara. Iwe unogona kuona zvizhinji zvekutsanangurwa kubva kumusoro kwechikomo chekuita.

Zviratidzo zvezvirimwa zveCaucasus, Siberia uye Far East

Nharaunda inenge mahekita maviri nemaviri inobatwa nekuratidzwa kwemiti yeCaucasus. Izvi zvinopfuura mazana matatu emiti yemiti yemiti, kusanganisira 23 zvisingasviki uye zvisikwa zvipenyu. Iko iri pane imwe nzvimbo yezvikomo zvekununura uye masango.

Anopfuura mazana maviri emiti yemiti inounganidzwa mukuratidzwa kwezvinomera zveSiberia. Kubva pane zviratidzo zvinoratidzwa pano zvinopfuura makumi mashanu mhuka dzinozivikanwa sezvinonyangarika kana zvisingabviri.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonakidza zvakagadzirwa ndezvekuratidzwa kwemiti yeFar East. Zvinosvika mazana mana emiti yemichero yenharaunda ino iri munharaunda ye 8.5 hectares.

Nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeIt Botanical Garden

Bindu rebotanical reRussia Academy of Sciences muna 1950 rakapedza kusikwa kwekutsanangurwa kwemiti yakasikwa. Zvose uswa husingaperi hwakasimwa nemakumbo, munharaunda inotorwa kubva pane zvakasikwa. Kune marudzi akawanda ezvitsuwa nemiti mune izvi zvakaratidzwa. Vagadziri, kusimbisa uye kudyara mbeu insembles, vakaunganidza maitiro avo, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekushanda kwavo.

Chikamu chekutanga ndeye ethereal-mafutaseed, medicinal uye insecticidal plants. Ive nemigumisiro pamabasa akasiyana-siyana mumutumbi wemunhu kana mhuka uye ine zvinhu zvine chepfu.

Chikamu chechipiri ndeyezvirimwa zvehutano hwemagetsi. Izvo zvakasvibirira, kupfeka uye kuchenesa. Miti yakadaro inoshandiswa mumashandisi asati apfuura.

Chikamu chechitatu chifodya uye uchi. Zvirimwa, izvo ndezvokudya zvezvokudya zvezvipfuwo zvemhuka (haymaking, silage, mafuro).

Chikamu chechina chinomera chekudya. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kutsigira hupenyu hwemuviri womunhu. Izvo vitamini, zvinonaka, zvinonaka, tei uye papilliferous.

Arboretum

Iyo Botanical Garden yeNV Tsitsin RAS inochengetedza zvinenge 1 700 muti uye shrub mbeu yemiti. Vanounganidza munharaunda ye arboretum (inopfuura mahekita makumi manomwe). Botaniki Bindu reRussia Academy of Sciences rakavakwa maererano nemhando yekugara kwepaki, ndiko kuti, mbeu inoshandiswa. Iyi nzvimbo inonyanya kunaka kubvira pakutanga kwechitsvaga kuwira mashizha kuwira. Asi munguva yechando zvinonakidza zvakaenzana kufamba mukati mezvisikwa zvakasvibira zvechando.

"Heather neJapan Garden"

Mune arboretum kune chiitiko chinokosha - "Heather Garden". Yakabva kuGermany mhando dzakasiyana dzeErica uye dzinenge makumi maviri nemaviri eheather. Icho chiri pedyo nebazi reBrazil uye rakakomberedzwa nemiti coniferous, barberry, mweya uye rhododendrons.

Chinhu chiduku chisina kujeka uye chinoshamisa cheGGS ndicho "Japanese Garden". Yakasikwa pamwe nekubatsirwa neAmbassy yeJapan mumuguta. Kubva kuzvitsuwa, zvisikwa zvisingawaniki zvekukura, miti yekushongedza miti uye uswa hwenharaunda yakaunzwa. Zvakanga zvakarongeka zvakarongeka kumativi ezvigadzirwa zvemaoko ane mabhiriji akawanda, pagodas uye zvinyorwa zvematombo.

Chikwata chakanaka zvikuru che roses chinosvika anenge mahekita 2.5.

Zvisingakoshi ndezvienzanisi zvegorofu. Zvinotengeswa kubva kuBrazil, Vietnam, Cuba, Madagascar nedzimwe nyika dze equatorial zone. Zvinopfuura zana zana kubva kwavari zvakanyorwa muHome Red Book.

Imiti yakasiyana-siyana muBotanical Garden yeMoscow

Mukuwedzera pane zvidzidzo zvezvesayenzi, vashandi veGGS vari kuita mukuchera, kubereka uye kutengesa michero uye mbeu dzezvizivikanwe uye zvitsva zvinomera. Kennel inotengeswa kutengesa mbeu dze hardwoods, lianas, shrubs, zvisingaperi zvouswa, clematis uye michero yemichero. Mbeu muBotanical Garden yeRussia Academy yeScience yakakurumbira zvikuru. Mitengo yavari ivo yakaderera zvikuru, uye kunaka kwekudyara zvinhu zvakakwirira kwazvo. Zvitengesi zviviri zvekutengesa zvakabatanidzwa mukushandiswa kwembeu. Rimwe (guru) riri mumugwagwa. Botanical, 31, inopikisana nemusuo mukuru weHBS.

Zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zveRAS

Botaniki Bindu reBIN RAS ivo. Komarova VL, iri muSt. Petersburg, paAptekarsky Island. Icho chidimbu cheRussia Academy of Sciences. Nhoroondo yaro inotanga muzana remakore rechigumi nemana nemunda wemishonga. Yakatangwa naPeter I. Pakutanga, zvakajeka, yakanga yakatarwa kukura michero yemishonga pairi.

Pakati pepakati pe XIX yePaini yeFarmacy yakanga iri mukuparadzwa kukuru, nokuti kwakanga kusina rubatsiro rwemari zvachose. Alexander I akaraira VP Kochubei, uyo akaratidza hurongwa hwekugadzirisazve munda. Iye zvino nhungamiro yake huru yaive nesayenzi. Nzvimbo yebindu reAptekarsky inodarika kaviri. Shanduro dzesayenzi dzakatotanga kurongeka. Bindu racho raive rakanyatsogadzirwa kusvikira pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20.

Nezvekupemberera kwebicentenary ye Botanical Garden muna 1913, akapiwa zita raPeter Mukuru. Mushure mekuvandudzwa, yakava munda mukuru webhodani weRussia Soviet Republic. Panguva imwecheteyo akapiwa nzvimbo dzekugara zveumambo uye nzvimbo dzokuchengetera.

Muna 1930 munda wacho wakadzorerwa zvakare kuU.S. Academy of Sciences. Gore rinotevera, rakabatana neB Botanical Museum. Somugumisiro, Botanical Institute yakasimbiswa. Panguva yekuvhara, pasinei nekuedza kwevashandi, munda wacho wakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya. Saka, mushure mehondo, nguva yakareba basa rokudzorera rakaitwa. Iye zvino iyi ibindu guru-arboretum. Anofarira zvikuru vagari veSt. Petersburg nevashanyi veguta.

Chimwe chikamu chakasiyana-siyana cheChikoro cheScience ndiB Botanical Garden yeRC RAS. Iko iri muRepublic of Bashkortostan. Bindu rakapfuura nzira yakareba uye yakaoma yekufambira mberi.

Mazuva ano ine boka guru rezvirimwa, rinodada nekubudirira kwaro kwesayenzi mumunda wekutsvakurudza kwemahombekombe emusango we republic uye kusarudzwa kwemiti yemiti.

Mhedziso

Iye zvino unoziva kuti unogona kuenda kupi kana iwe uchida zvisikwa, maruva nemiti. Botanical Garden yeN. Tsitsin RAS inzvimbo inonakidza yekushanyira.