Biography, upenyu uye basa Ostrowski

The upenyu uye basa Ostrovsky - a umhare peji iri Biography munhu, ane mugove akawira mutsekwende.

mhuri

Writer Nikolay Alekseevich Ostrovsky (1904 - 1936) akazvarirwa musha wokuUkraine Vilia Volyn dunhu mumhuri zvechiuto. Sekuru, Ivan Vasilevich Ostrovsky, aiva mukuru asiri basa, gamba hondo muna 1855 kusvikira Malakhov Hill munguva kudzivirira Sevastopol. Makore hwake Ostrovskogo Ivana Vasilevicha zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe umhare kare Russia of XIX remakore.

Baba, Aleksey Ivanovich Ostrovsky, - sezvo-basa isiri mukuru youmambo wehondo vava pamudyandigere. Akanga paakavapa ari St. George michinjikwa kuti ushingi ari kubatwa pamusoro Shipka uye Plevna. Makore oupenyu Ostrovsky Nadya Ivanovich ndiye kudada mwanakomana wake.

Amai Nicholas, mumwe Czech norudzi, waiva mukadzi vachifara uye witty, nomweya kambani. Mhuri yaigara zhinji, kuchengeta varanda, imba yaiva nguva dzose izere vaenzi.

udiki

Little Kolya zvakashamisa yakapoteredza nemano ake. Pazera 9 namakore, vakapedza kudzidza chikoro yeko uye akanga achienda kudzidza zvimwe, asi mugumo akarayira kudaro. Muna 1914, baba vake akarasikirwa nebasa, uye upenyu kuparara husiku. The imba aifanira atengeswe mhuri vakaparadzana. Nadya pamwe Nicky vakaenda nehama Ternopil, apo chibvumirano kushanda somunhu forester.

Nicolai Ostrovsky, Biography zvinhu uye zvinoshamisa siyana, akanzwisisa mubatsiri mutariri kuchiteshi chechitima mutaundi Shepetovka, uye gore vakazotanga kushanda zvemagetsi. Muna September 1918, rimwe jaya akapinda Shepetovskaya puraimari, iyo vakabudirira rakapera muna 1920.

youth

A nhamba mikuru yose ukapisa murwi ikawira vaduku Nikolaya Ostrovskogo: The War World First, uye ipapo February Revolution pamusoro 1917 gore rakatevera racho October Revolution uye hondo yakaguma chete muna Ukraine muna 1920. In Shepetivka dzichichinja simba, vanhu vokuGermany akapa nzira White Poles, avo, akavapindurawo, akadzinga Red Army, ipapo nevachena vakauya vachivatevera Petliurists. Shepetovka vanhuwo zvavo vakanga kutambudza zvikwata dzakawanda kuti kubirwa uye kuurayiwa.

The chikoro Nikolai Ostrovsky aiva mutungamiriri, akanga agoverwa vadzidzi vari Teaching Council. Muna 1921, mumiririri vakapfuura bvunzo uye akagamuchira rugwaro kukura. Zvegore, Ostrowski akabatana Koshanda, uye kuwa akava mudzidzi chemanheru dhipatimendi Kiev College of Electromechanics. Nicholas akaenda kushanda basa ravo, magetsi. Life zvinhu uye Ostrovsky panguva mudzidzi wake aiva muenzaniso vamwe.

Nzara uye chando

Kana isu kutsanangura upenyu uye kushanda Ostrovskogo Muchidimbu, izvozvo vacharamba zvinonakidza, idzidzise pamusoro murume simba kwake, chinangwa nyaya. Akanga akaoma post-hondo makore, ndipo vaikunda kuparadza, kwete zvokudya, marasha, mushonga. College Students uye Nikolai Ostrovsky pakati pavo kuita huni, kuti zvimwe zvinopa kuoma nechando Kiev ushamwari. Uyezve, vadzidzi akavaka njanji mutsetse uri kuti dhonza huni kumorwa muguta. Nokukurumidza Ostrovsky chando uye akatora pamubhedha wake. In dzinonetsa ezvinhu, akanga atumwa kumusha, uko kwaakandogara kwemwedzi mishoma. Life zvinhu uye Ostrovsky anorondedzera zvishoma zvakaoma, ndiwo upenyu inotungamirira muzvizvarwa sei kukurira matambudziko.

Pakupedzisira, chirwere chacho yaserera, uye Nicholas akadzokera kuchikoro uye kubasa. Nepo College wakati tinoshandurirwa Institute, asi kuti vave vadzidzi yunivhesiti Ostrovsky haana, nekuti izvozvo akaremara chirwere. Kubvira ipapo, munyori ramangwana rakava dzose murwere zvipatara, utano nzvimbo, makiriniki uye dispensaries. Studies vaifanira kusiya, mukomana vaityisidzira kuchipatara eighteen mubhedha ive isingazivikanwi nguva.

Muna 1922, akaruramiswa chakaipisisa kutya navanachiremba uye Nikolaya Ostrovskogo, aiva anotyisa chirwere - ankylosing spondylitis. Izvi zvaireva zvakakwana kutadza kufamba, marwadzo uye kutambura, iyo ine makore mashomanana ane rakapinza mupfungwa kudzika munyori achakwanisa apfuure mufananidzo gamba iri yokufungidzira "sei Steel Akanga akadzikama" Pavel Korchagin. Basa zvinoratidza chokwadi choupenyu Ostrovsky, akatsvaka kuti Biography ari munyori. Nemishonga hunhu Pavel Korchagin - vanoshandiswa Ringanidzo chete munyori yokufungidzira.

Komsomolskaya basa

A pfupi gadzira upenyu uye basa Ostrovskogo anogona kuratidza hunhu murume uyu akashinga. Zvishoma nezvishoma Nicholas ndokuramba tsoka dzake, iye kunoita yakaoma, Akasendamira nomudonzvo. Mukuwedzera, kuruboshwe gumbo hakuchina vanobwembura. Muna 1923 Ostrovsky vakatamira hanzvadzi yake muguta uye pane anova Berezdiv yoruwa munyori Koshanda sangano. Akamirirwa iye paupamhi vakamuka mumunda basa rechiKomonisiti zvinangwa anoparadzirwa munda. Ostrovsky akaita chose nguva musangano rake nevechiduku mumaruwa, iye akakwanisa kufuridzira vechiduku nyaya ramangwana rakajeka. kodzero takawana mubayiro ari kupfuura kure nemisha paiva masero Koshanda, vechidiki nechido vakabatsira mutungamiri wavo kuti pave pfungwa yoMushandirapamwe. Life uye basa Ostrovsky musi Koshanda mutungamiriri romukova rakava anoyemurika vazhinji vateveri vake vaduku.

Year 1924 ndipo pakanga pakachinja Ostrovsky, akatangawo Communist Party. Akazoziva nhengo Kukunda banditry, nhengo yake Chọn (chaiyo mauto) kwave imwe nzvimbo yebasa ane nesimba murwi nokuda nevatambi pose akaenzana. Life zvinhu uye Ostrovsky makore mwoyo nyika muenzaniso wokuzvipira. Kurapa pachako kuti utsinye Nikolai Ostrovsky, haana kurega pachake. Kugara akafamba nokushanda kuparadza muvengi, kwete kurara usiku. Kwakazotevera zvemari, utano hwakaipa. Basa aifanira kusiya, vakatanga yakareba kupora nguva.

Hospitals, Spa kurapwa

Review upenyu uye basa Ostrowski mberi munguva umo zvichava kubatwa kuzviita. Kwemakore maviri, kubva 1924 kusvika 1926, Nikolai Ostrovsky aiva Kharkov Medical-Mechanical Institute, iro vaipinda yawapiwa anoteverwa vapore. Pasinei kuitwa navanachiremba, pakanga pasina kuvandudzika. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo, Nicholas neshamwari itsva dzakawanda, okutanga raiva Peter novikov, yakatendeka adherent pedyo kuguma Ostrovsky.

Muna 1926, Nicholas akatamira Yevpatoria, taundi riri kumadokero chikamu Crimean kweItari. Ikoko vachatongerwa kurapwa pachipatara pacho "Maynaki". In Crimea, Ostrovsky akasangana Innokentiem Pavlovichem Fedenevym uye Alexandra Alekseevna Zhigareva, varume venzvimbo neururami, vainzi "vari Bolsheviks chechikoro yekare." shamwari itsva vachava kutamba chihombe basa upenyu munyori, zvichava mubereki wechipiri. Innocent Fedenev kuva shamwari dzepedyo ari munyori, ake bhururu munyaya iri dzidziso kubva communism. Alexander Zhigareva vanova "mai rechipiri." Life uye Works of Nikolaya Ostrovskogo kubva zvakabatana chaizvo nevanhu ava. Shamwari dzechokwadi hazvizombobvi.

Upenyu Novorossiysk

mberi Muronga upenyu uye basa Ostrovsky - rake vari Krasnodar mudunhu muGungwa Dema. Zvichitevera kunenge vanachiremba, Nicholas anopfuurira kurarama kumaodzanyemba. Akatamira nehama pamusoro rwaamai divi, mhuri Matsyuk muna Novorossiysk. Maari, achararama kwemakore maviri, kubva 1926 kusvika 1928-ndipo. Health kuramba achiipa, enda Ostrowski haagoni, opfuura madondoro. Dzose nguva chose kuverenga mabhuku kuti ndivo chikuru muupenyu hwake. Nicholas ari kufarira munyori Bamba Gorky, achiteverwa Classics mabhuku Russian: Gogol, Pushkin, Leo NdiTolstoy.

Cherechedzai uchifarira Ostrovsky dingindira iri Civil War, iye anoedza kunzwisisa zvinokonzera zviitiko iyoyo, apo hanzvadzi vakauraya mukoma, nababa mwanakomana. Mune mweya mumwe verenga Artwork "Chapaev" Furmanova "Maguta uye Makore" Fedina, "Iron Stream" Serafimovicha "vezviitiko" Libedinskii.

Muna 1927, ankylosing spondylitis, hunobata Nikolai Ostrovsky, runosvika pakakwirira, kunobva rutivi rwomuviri zvakakwana makumbo. Famba asingagoni, kunyange pamusoro madondoro. Uchimhanya kurwadziwa haagumiri kweminiti. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Nikolai akangorara. Kuverenga mabhuku zvishoma kutsauswa kutambura, mabhuku, zuva rinounza muraibhurari, uyo akava shamwari dzepedyo Ostrovsky. An nzira yokubudisa nokuti murwere inova redhiyo kuti zvimwe, asi anoratidza kuti ari kunze nyika.

Panopera 1927, Nikolai Ostrovsky anogamuchira matsamba dhipatimendi Communist University Yakova Sverdlova, uye chiitiko ichi kwaifadza chaizvo kwaari. Friends vanogamuchira vachifara mashoko: "Ini kudzidza asipo Kunyepa !!!" Life nokuti tariro kurwara Ostrovsky musoro.

Zvino mumwe chakaipa chinoitika - ziso chirwere. Nepo izvi chete kuzvimba, asi nokukurumidza kuchauya kurasikirwa zvaakaratidzwa. Doctors vari categorically rambidzwa kuverenga, usaneta meso. Zvokuita, kurarama iye zvino!?

Apartment muna Sochi

In varwere anorwara Nikolaya Ostrovskogo akazviratidza mukadzi, Raisa Porfirevna, waakanga vakasangana Novorossiysk. Friends kutamburira kubatsira mhuri imwe duku kunokwana nokuedza Aleksandry Zhigarevoy Ostrovskim anopa mufurati muna Sochi. Kukwanisa kuunganidza mari, upenyu zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kuvaka. Asi utano Nikolai akaramba kuipa, zvetsandanyama nemapfupa nerevane anenge zvachose, muitiro zvava kusingarapiki. Chiratidzo zvakare simba zuva roga roga kuoma kuverenga kunyange guru tsamba. Hours rokuzorora zvishoma aonezve, asi zvishoma eyestrain akakonzera kudzima magetsi, somuenzaniso zvakare. General utano Ostrovsky aiva nengozi, tariro kupora anazvo. Friends anogara pedyo, uye chete yakapa simba kumurwere.

Moscow nguva

Biography Ostrowski, upenyu uye basa zvasvika mudariro idzva October 1929, apo Nicholas nomudzimai wake vakasvika muMoscow kunorapwa ziso. Pasinei akaiswa yakanakisisa makiriniki kuna Professor M. Averbakh, mukuru kuzvimba yose muviri akakonzera kusafarira. zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kuitisa oparesheni.

Kurarama zvaiita mufurati muMoscow kwave zvinowedzerwa kurwara Ostrovsky. Mukadzi akasiya basa, uye iye akaramba ari oga. Panguva iyoyo kwakasarudzwa kunyora bhuku. The muviri rakanga rakamira, uye mweya vaida kuzvinzwira mashoko. Sezvineiwo, maoko ake vakachengeta mufambo, asi Nicholas haana kuona. Ipapo akauya aine chaiyo mudziyo, vanonzi "pachena", naro zvaibvira kunyora tinongoita. Lines yabuda mu akashambidzika mumitsara, peji Kunyora zviri nyore, chete aiva nguva yokuchinja machira, zvakanyorwa pamusoro mambure.

Kutanga okugadzira zvinhu

Zvokukura upenyu zvinhu uye Ostrovsky semunhu munhu akaoma asina kutyora chero miedzo. Chirwere chete akasimbisa izvozvo vasingachinji kuda. Nikolai Ostrovsky akatanga kunyora basa rake pakutanga ari kurwara zvakakomba, immobile uye bofu murume. Kunyange zvakadaro, iye akakwanisa kusika usingafi basa vakaenda mabhuku Golden Russian. nganonyorwa iyi "sei Steel Akanga akadzikama".

It Anonyora zvakanaka usiku, kunyange zvakanga zvakaoma. Morning chizvarwa inounganidzwa vakapararira pasi yakaunyana machira, ivo kutwasanudza navo uye vanoedza parse zvakanyorwa. The muitiro Zvaindirwadza, apo Ostrovsky akatanga kuti zvitungamirire wenyaya kuti vavanoda, uye vanonyora pasi. Nyaya pakarepo vakaenda zvakanaka, achida kushanda pamwe munyori akanga hwapararira. Mukamba kaduku pane imwe zvaiita mufurati muMoscow aienda kune mhuri kufanana matatu chete, kupfuura vanhu gumi.

Zvisinei, kwete nguva dzose kukwanisa zvitungamirire uye kunyora rugwaro chitsva panguva kamwe, sezvo hama dzose vakanga vakabatikana kubasa. Ipapo Nikolai Ostrovsky akabvunza ake naye Galyu Alekseevu kumunyorera pafoni dhikitesheni. Uye akangwara, musikana vakadzidza akanga chinokosha mubatsiri.

Roman "Sezvo simbi munyoro"

Ostrovsky zvitsauko zvakanyorwa ikazobudiswazve vakapfuura Aleksandre Zhigarevoy, uyo akanga ari Leningrad uye vakaedza mumaoko shanduro kubudiswa. Zvisinei, kuedza kwake kwose havana kubudirira, basa iverengwe, vakarumbidza uye vakadzokera. Nokuti Ostrovskogo Roman "sei Steel Akanzi kudzikamiswa" wairevei hwake, akawana kuti zvinyorwa haingasviki kudhinda.

MuMoscow, racho yokufungidzira akaedza dzika Innokentiy Pavlovich Fedenev, akapfuura zvinyorwa wake kuzivisa imba "Young Guard" uye vakamirira kuti mhinduro mupepeti. Papera kanguva, zvichiteverwa pakudzokorora kuti ainyanya kunaka. Fedenev vakasimbirira apiwa kuzviongorora. Uye ipapo "chando akanga akaputsika", zvinyorwa akawira mumaoko munyori Mark Kolosov, uyo akanyatsoongorora verenga zviri yokufungidzira uye pachii bhuku.

Racho yokufungidzira

Writer Kolosov, pamwe mukuru mupepeti mukuru inonzi "The Young Guard" netsa Karavaevoy yakadzokororwa zvinyorwa, uye chigadzirwa akatanga kudhinda mapeji pamwedzi. Raiva kukunda Nikolaya Ostrovskogo uye ake yokufungidzira "sei Steel Akanga akadzikama". With munyori akagumisa chibvumirano, akapiwa muripo weUS, upenyu akatangazve zvarinoreva.

Basa yakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi "The Young Guard" Mudzimba shanu, kubva April kusvika September 1932. Muchirwisa colour rokufara mhuri nokudenga uye nehama munyori kwayo akarwadziwa kuti yokufungidzira ipfupi nokuda hwokubvisa zvitsauko akawanda. Pamutemo vaparidzi akatsanangura ichi kushayikwa bepa, asi vanyori vanodavira kuti "zvirema bhuku." Zvisinei, pakupedzisira, Nikolai Ostrovsky basa.

Gare gare, ari yokufungidzira "sei Steel Akanga akadzikama" kakawanda ikazobudiswazve kunze, basa riri sechinhu chaiwo muenzaniso indomitable Russian hunhu. Writer akanga akanyorwa nomumwe yokufungidzira rinonzi "Akaberekerwa Storm", asi, mumashoko ari munyori, "chigadzirwa yave kukwana," kunyanya kubva kupedza Ostrovsky ake haana kuita, akafa pazera remakore 36 uye akavigwa Novodevichy Cemetery muMoscow .

ndangariro

Nguva okugadzira zvinhu Ostrovsky - ndiyo mapeji chakajeka pamusoro umhare mararamiro munhu pamusoro pake asina simba kurwara, akaodzwa mwoyo. Munyori akasika chete chidimbu, asi yakanga chizaruro saka makuru prose, vamwe vanyori vasina kuitika vose zvavo upenyu hurefu. Nikolai Ostrovsky yake yokufungidzira "sei Steel Akanga akadzikama" nokusingaperi akanyorwa munhoroondo mabhuku Russian.