Bhiriyadhirea weAmerica Howard Hughes: biography, mafirimu, mapikicha

Howard Robard Hyuz, Jr. (12/24/1905 - 05/04/1976) - American mutyairi wendege, muzvinabhizimisi uye mugadziri, vanozivikanwa zvikuru ukozoro rake mbirikira, uyewo nzira akashandisa pfuma yake.

kwakarongwa vitae

Govard Hyuz akaberekerwa Houston, Texas, mwanakomana mugodhi injiniya Howard Robard Hughes Sr. uye Allen Gano. Mukomana nemakore matatu kana baba vake pakuva zvishoma iyo revolutionized ari kuchera matsime mafuta uye chakaunza mubereko kukuru kambani yake. Kunyange zvazvo vabereki vake vakanga kudzifarira rokunyika vanhu, Govard ros vakanyarara uye introspective, achiratidza kufarira chikoro, kunze propensity nokuda masvomhu uye Kugona nyaya kubva waya uye chinyorwa simbi. Zvakasimba kuda mai vake, akanga ari kutya baba vake. Munhu wose akasangana naye makore gare gare, vaitaura kuti Govard Hyuz (mufananidzo wakatorwa gare gare munyaya) havasati azviona seakaenzana kwavari.

Pazera remakore gumi akanga akabvuma kuti Reno School muna West Newton, Massachusetts. Home panguva yezororo, mai vake havana kumubvumira kuchovha mudhudhudhu, vachifungidzira kuti kuchengeteka. Ipapo akatendeukira bhasikoro rake rive Mudhudhudhu, vachishandisa zvikamu kubva motokari Starter uye matochi. Pane imwe nguva, apo baba vake iye akapikira kuti achapa zvaanoda, Hughes akasarudza rwendo pamusoro ichibhururuka chikepe. Saka akaona kunaka avhiyesheni, iyo nokukurumidza akava kupengeswa.

The wechiduku shoroma

The chibooreso ikakuruma Hughes aiva simba guru kukura American mafuta indasitiri. Kupedza kuwedzera nguva California, muna September 1921, vabereki Howard vake vakamuendesa kune Thacher School muna Ohae, vanenge 112? Km kuchamhembe-kumadokero Los Angeles. sekuru vake Rupert Hyuz aiva aitungamirira munyori kuHollywood, uye kuburikidza nayo mhuri yakava vakajairana yepamusoro akaturikidzana yekwataigara vomunharaunda. Muchirimo 1922 amai Howard paakafa kuvhiyiwa. Baba nemwanakomana vakadzokera Houston, apo muna 1924, Hughes Sr. akafa nechirwere chomwoyo panguva musangano okutengesa sangano.

Govard Hyuz, ane Biography hwakanganiswa kurasikirwa vabereki vari mukuru hwavo, akatanga kutambura hypochondria, kutya rufu uye utachiona pasi pemakore gumi nemasere. Akabva akasarudza kusiya zvidzidzo zvake panguva Institute of Rice muHouston uye kuita basa. Kuva nhaka 75% rokutambudzikira boka rababa vake, Akatenga yasara 25%, izvo akaparadzirwa pakati pehama. Izvi aifanira kutsvaka refu uye zvakaoma muitiro kwakamutsa vazhinji zvinonyadzisa, zvisinei, izvo, vashoma chaizvo kunetswa Howard. Hughes akati kuti kutora murayiro, iwe kunge yakaoma vanhu. Kubva chinzvimbo ichi haana chakatsauka.

Govard Hyuz nevakadzi vake

Young muzvinabhizimisi haana kufanana administrative divi basa rake, uye iye vakaripira vanhu vaiziva zvokuita, potse pasina ake kupindura. Ake Chisarudzo rakabudirira, uye boka vakabudirira, vachibvumira Hughes kuti zvakawanda vakasununguka nguva. Nokukurumidza kufarira Houston mugari Elloy Rays, apo akaroora muna 1925. Vakagara muLos Angeles, apo akasarudza kuva firimu mugadziri Howard.

Hughes aiva murume akanga asingabatsiri kupa zano. Akaita zvose zvaaida. firimu yake yokutanga, achazvimba Hogan, zvakanga zvakaipa kuti kumbobvira akasunungurwa, asi wechipiri, Munhu wose ari Vachiita ( «kutamba zvose," 1926), aiva kubudirira, sezvo Two muArabhia Knights ( «Two Arab Knight", 1927 g), kutungamirirwa Lewis Chinokosha William Boyd muzita rokuti basa. Last Ribbon vakauya Chinokosha "Oscar" nokuti zvakanaka Comedy mutungamiriri. Zvinotevera mafirimu Hughes, The kuberekesana Call uye The Chinonyengera (vaviri 1928), vakabudirira zvakakwana kufuridzira kuti mubve yakakura pamusoro avhiyesheni muHondo Yenyika I, "Ngirozi Hero kuti", kupfura iyo kwemakore maviri nehafu. Howard norupo yakazara mari, kutenga ndege uye vakabhadhara vezvikepe, akapotsa nemashoko yavo duku mhepo simba iri San Fernando Valley. The mufananidzo bhajeti yakasvika $ 4 miriyoni - inoshamisa mari mumazuva iwayo, uye Hughes akatora nguva 300 kupfuura zvaaifanira. Rakabudiswa muzhizha 1930 munguva National mwoyo, firimu yakagamuchirwa zvakanaka, asi zvakanditorera nguva refu kuti kufukidza mari.

The mari zvinosanganisira muchato uye Howard. Hughes karambana Elloy Rays - akadzokera Houston, nharo kuti hazvibviri kuroora munhu akanga yakazara basa rake uye aiwanzova kumusha. Pashure mugadziri ichi kudanana mutambi Billi Dav, uyo starred muna vaviri ake anotevera firimu The Age of Love ( «Age Kworudo") uye Cock of Air. Vakabuda muna 1931, asi havana kubudirira, sezvo aidanana neNjiva, waiva wokutanga refu mutsetse wezvakashata vake actresses. Govard Hyuz uye Ava Gardner, iye, uye Rita Hayworth, Dzhindzher Rodzhers, Lana Turner, naIda Lupino, Bett Deyvis, Sid Charris - vose vari imwe vanoda nguva.

Mujinga vendege

Hyuz Govard Aircraft Wenyika Vokutanga akaratidza kamwe zvakare mu firimu "Denga raMwari Devils" (1931), umo huru basa reDare Spenser Treysi, asi firimu vakakundikana kudzokorora mhosva, "Ngirozi Hero kuti". zvinhu zviri nani vari Front Page (1931) uye Scarface (1932), izvo vaitirei Mini-chaiwo.

Hughes akati kuti yake inotevera tepi richava airships, asi kudzorwa kambani yayo Hughes Chishandiswa akaramba kushandisa mari iri imwe yakakura. Akateerera zano ravo, kunyange kupfuura zvavaitarisira. Govard Hyuz firimu kwete chete akatanga kubvisa, iye kunyange akaramba firimu bhizimisi. Muna 1933 yaakasimbisa muna Glendale, California, Hughes Aircraft. Makore mipfumbamwe gare gare, iye kutamiswa muna Culver City, apo akakura zvikuru zvinobatsira nemakambani ari kugadzirwa ndege munyika.

mhepo Ace

Govard Hyuz - imwe aviator muna 1934, akahwina mubayiro panguva All-American mhepo makwikwi mu Harare, piloting kuti "Boeing" vakatengwa kubva US Army uye reworked kuva Mujaho ndege. Muna September 1935, akaratidza mutsva nokukurumidza zvinyorwa pamusoro motokari, iyo akava, uye muna January gore rinouya, akaisa mutsva transcontinental kumhanya zvinyorwa, nendege achibva Los Angeles kuNewark, New Jersey, nokuti 9 h. 12 min. Ake mhepo ine uchinzvera akamuitira akakurumbira ndeuke pachaunga uye pamusoro Airways, kunyanya muna 1938, apo munhu anotendeuka maviri-injini "Lockheed-14" aine vashandi vanhu ina rakatenderedzwa nyika 3 mazuva 12 h. 28 min. Muna May 1939, boka dzakazova seshanduro Trans World Airlines, akava midziyo Howard. Hughes nayo akauya pamusoro pamusika ezvokutengeserana avhiyesheni, uye mumatsutso chete gore akatanga kugadzira mhando itsva ndege zvechiuto ari zvinoitirwawo United States kubatanidzwa muhondo.

Mhosva yokuuraya

June 11, 1936 Hughes aishingairira musi Wilshire Boulevard uye akakoromora munhu chime kurufu ainzi Gabriel Meyer. Akasungwa uye mhosva yokuuraya. Pasinei chokwadi kuti ake kutyaira motokari, iye akaputsa mutemo, Hughes akasunungurwa pasina muripo. Mubhuku rake rinonzi "Govard Hyuz: The Secret Life" (2004), Charlz Hayem anoti pamazuva iwayo, muruwa Vachuchisi yaigona kutengwa, uye muridzi ane mari yakakwana kunogona abhadhare anenge chinhu.

"Yakapanduka"

Muna 1940 Hughes inotangwa mumwe kugadzirwa kambani. Iye akazivisa kuti aizoita firimu pamusoro Billy Quidet uine vasingazivikanwi vatambi sezvo Billy nemusikana wake. Mukupera nyaya, akasarudza nemapfumbamwe Dzheyn Rassel, pachena, nokuti ayo zvakanaka dzakabudirira bust. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kuti mufananidzo The Outlaw ( «yakapanduka", 1943) akanga pasi kusenza, izvo chaizvo akanga akafukidza vezvenhau. Hughes akanga anobatanidzwa pakutungamirira. Pashure pokuiswa Kurambidzwa kuratidzwa mufananidzo, akapedzisira mvumo yokupinza, asi akasarudza kumirira kwemakore maviri kusvika paruzhinji kuziva rwakatokura kupfuura. Hunzi firimu ridiculously zvakaipa, The Outlaw achiri akaita mamiriyoni kuti Howard.

Hughes munguva kupfura mufananidzo raifanira kuitwa. Muna 1943, iye akatobatana pamwe shipbuilder Henry Kaiser uye akava hurumende chibvumirano kuvaka hombe ruchibhururuka magwa matatu. Asi mumwe chete yakavakwa - ichi ndicho akakurumbira ndege "Hercules" Howard Hughes. Order pamusoro kubhururuka magwa rakanga rarambidzwa pazvakava pachena kuti vakanga vasingagoni kupera munguva kushandiswa muhondo. Other zvibvumirano nokuti ndege vakanga akadzima.

ikatsva

Nguva dzose kujairika tsika dzavo uye maitiro, asi tycoon yava kunyanya eccentric. Kunyange zvakadaro, Govard Hyuz, ane Biography rizere netsaona, akanga kunoshamisa kugona kugara mupenyu. July 7, 1946 panguva bvunzo ndege yake injini XF-11 akarambazve. Ndege yakadonha, akanyemwerera uye akapisa. Mutyairi wendege zvakakwidzwa kubva ngwanda pamwe sagging mazamu, mbabvu wakaputsika uye vakaramba chiedza. Vanachiremba kumbopikisa kuti aizorarama. Kunyange zvakadaro, mumwedzi magnate akapora uye nokukurumidza akatanga kubhururuka zvakare. Vashoma vaiziva kuti Howard Hughes urwere hwake "zvakaipa" codeine.

Movies uye ndege

Pasinei marwadzo nezvinetso Aviation Corporation, Hughes vakadzokera firimu indasitiri, zvichida nemhaka purofiti uye mukurumbira kuti akapa firimu The Outlaw. Iye akasaina zvibvumirano maviri vanozivikanwa Hollywood dzemitambo, Harold Lloyd uye Preston Sturges, nokuti vapfura mutambo Mad Wednesday ( «Crazy ezvinhu", 1947), asi riri kutarisirwa kupera. Hughes akatora ake anodiwa --makore 22 Feyt Domerg - Starring ari une mumutambo Vendetta ( «Vendetta", 1948). Govard Hyuz firimu, ichi, zvinosuruvarisa akamanikidzwa kupfeka pasherefu, sezvo kunyange akaona sei zvakaipa mufananidzo.

In kufanana kupfura, aiva nezvimwe zvinhu zvokuita, mumwe wakanga ake chido kudzorera XF-11, uye kuratidza airworthiness ayo, uye zvaakaita April 5, 1947 Pashure pemwedzi mina, akapupura kuna Military rwokutsvakurudza Committee weSeneti basa rake somunhu kudzivirira Muvaki. Hughes vaita vavengi dzakawanda munguva yehondo, uyezve, akanga asina kubudirira sezvinoita tichitarisira. Hughes Aircraft Company haana kuva hofori, sezvaakanga aronga - zvinoitika gare gare Space Age. Wandisa "Hercules" chaizvoizvo kupomerwa airworthy, akaramba kuti Hughes kubhururuka kwemaminitsi mashomanana pamusoro pemvura chiteshi chezvikepe Long Beach, November 2, 1947.

mamiriyoni 40 akaita kupi?

Muna 1945, wenhau, Westbrook Pegler akati kuti akanga aona dossier ari FBI, izvo vanoti Hughes akashandisa pfuma yake kuti zvisiri pamutemo kuwana zvibvumirano hurumende. Gore rakatevera, Owen Brewster, sachigaro Military rwokutsvakurudza Committee weSeneti, akati aida chaizvo kuti hurumende yakapa Howard $ 40 miriyoni kuti kukura uye kugadzirwa kuti ndege mbiri kuti hauna kumbobvira aita. Akataurawo kuti President Franklin D. Roosevelt, pamusoro maonero nyanzvi ake mauto akapa Hughes ari zvibvumirano kuti pagadzirwe F-11 uye NK-1 (aizivikanwawo "Hercules").

Brewster akati kuti Hughes akaronga mapato kuti vakuru vehurumende, avo vaida kuchinja sarudzo dzavo ramangwana. Howard starlet akabhadhara $ 200 kuti vakatora chikamu maari. basa ravo rakanga kushambira ari mushwi mudziva Hughes. Dzhulius Krag, mukuru kanzuru emauto kugadzira, aiva mumwe wevaya vachiuya mapati izvi. Mumwe Congressman, uyo aivawo kakawanda muenzi mumba Howard, akati: "Kana chiri chokwadi kuti vakabhadharwa $ 200, ivo mari shoma zvikuru."

Hughes akapomerwa uori uye leaked mashoko venhau Dryu Pirsonu uye Jack Anderson kuti Owen Brewster akagamuchira mari kubva kambani Pan American Airways (Pan Am), zvinopesana naye. Maererano Howard, Pan Am aiedza hurumende US vabvume kuti pave ndiye ari pamutemo nyika pasi wayo kuzvidzora. Part hurongwa ichi chaiva kumanikidza zvose zviripo US vatakuri pamwe pakuvhiya kunze, pedyo kana kubatanidza pamwe Pan Am. Sezvo muridzi Trans World Airlines, Hughes ndiye nengozi nepurani. By Howard akati Brewster akaswedera kwaari panyaya kubatanidza pamwe Trans World Pan Am. Paakaramba, sachigaro wedare vakatanga zodzera kurwisa pake.

Dryu Pirson uye Dzhek Anderson vakatenda Hughes uye vatanga dzavo kurwisa Owen Brewster. Vakaudza kuti Pan Am sachigaro wedare inopiwa vakasununguka Vols Houben Sound, Florida, kwaakanga akagamuchirwa ari yezororo mumusha Vice President Pan Am Sam Pryor. Kupomerwa aya akadzokororwa ne Hughes paakazviratidza pamberi muchiuto kuongorora weSeneti komiti. Naiyewo mhosva Brewster kuedza tyisidzira iye aine maonero kuti batanidzo pamwe Trans World Pan Am. Sachigaro Committee kuramba mhosva, asi akabatsira abvisa pfungwa nyaya misappropriation mamiriyoni 40 emadhora mari paruzhinji ine.

Military kuferefeta Seneti komiti haana akagumisa mashoko ake NDR F-11 uye HK-1. Committee vakavhara misangano yaro uye pakupedzisira chikaparara.

Vachitenga uye vachitengesa RKO Studio

Nyanyisa-muropa nyonganyonga - chii vakakuvadza Govard Hyuz - haana kumubvumira kuti kubvuma kukundwa ake. Muna 1948, Akatenga Hollywood Studio RKO. Hughes anazvo uye vakavhura nayo kwemakore mashanu, apo akasara muhofisi yake panguva Goldwyn Studio, kamwe chete akashanyira nharaunda yacho RKO. mafirimu shoma ndakaita mumakore, kuva mari zvinobatsira, uye vose vaburitsi, vatungamiri uye screenwriters RKO akanyunyuta kuti havana kukwanisa kusangana Hughes kuti vakurukure zvinetso zvavo. Pakupedzisira, ekupedzisira akataura kuti aida RKO uyewo, sezvinoita denda, uye Studio kutengeswa $ 25 miriyoni, izvo, pashure chikwereti mutsividzo kuti shareholders nemagweta yaasara $ 6 miriyoni.

Mujinga Institute of Medicine

Howard zvido dzimwe masangano, kunyanya avhiyesheni, pamusoro namakore chakawedzera vaiva RKO, uye upfumi hwake zvinofungidzirwa mumamiriyoni. Panguva ino kuti nheyo Howard Hughes Medical Institute kuFlorida, iyo kwairatidza nehanya kwake pamusoro utachiona uye chirwere. Akavimbisa bequeath chirangaridzo zvikuru nefuma yake imwe nokuda kwake takaita chinhu chakanaka. Nguva dzose ari ndenga, akatonyanya reclusive uye pakupedzisira akamira kutaura zvose asi kurapa bhizimisi. Muna 1957, akaroora mutambi Dzhin Peters, asi muchato yakanga unconventional, sezvo vadyidzani Kashoma vaigara pamwe chete. Ivo vakarambwa muna 1971.

Howard Hughes Biography. Chirwere uye okupedzisira makore

Pasinei nokukundikana vari muwanano kana firimu indasitiri, kubudirira Hughes pakuvaka ndege uye vemauto ndege akasimuka. Asi kunetseka vose namaoko izvi zvine kunambwa utano hwake, uye muna 1958, Howard aiva huta Kuparara.

Muna 1965, the Atomic Energy Commission yakazivisa kuti kutanga bvunzo yenyukireya musi Pahute Mesa, 150 chete makiromita kubva pamba Howard Hughes. Akamuka nemapiyona Richard Nixon, asi akaramba kutaura achipikisa nemiedzo iyi. Panguva 1968 vemutungamiri pamushandirapamwe mubetseri Robert Hughes vakasangana Mayo Hubert Humphrey muna Denver. Mayo akaudza Humphrey kuti Hughes achida kumubhadhara 100 zviuru. Dollars kana aizoita chinhu nemiedzo izvi zvenyukireya. Humphrey akavimbisa kuti kana akasarudzwa kuti achagadza basa nesayenzi kudzidza migumisiro nemwaranzi.

Maererano munyori rinonzi "Govard Hyuz: The Secret Life", Hughes akafara uye vakavimbisa reDare 300 zviuru zvamadhora .. Asi Hughes akatya kuti Bobby Kennedy kuti kuhwina Humphrey, izvo dzisina glamour, aikwanisa uye zita mupikisi rake. June 4, 1968 , Robert Kennedy vakaurayirwa chigaro. Hughes ainetseka kuti Edward Kennedy huchabvisa munin'ina wake, uye saka akasarudza chiokomuhomwe Larry O'Brien, musoro Kennedy rutsigiro. Robert Mayo O'Brien vakasangana Las Vegas, July 4, 1968 Somugumisiro musangano kwayo zvakabvumiranwa kuti Hughes ndicharipira O'Brien $ 15,000 pamwedzi.

At Hughes ane kugara kunetsana nehurumende pamusoro mutero, pakupedzisira, akabva California uye takatamira Nevada. Muna 1967, Akatenga Desert Inn iri Las Vegas kuti musha wavo uye muzinda makambani ari Nevada. Muna 1966, iye vaitengesa oga kuti mamiriyoni 566 emadhora. Makore mana gare gare, Hughes akatenga Air West.

Kuti tidzivise nokubhadhara mitero, muna November 1970 Hughes akatamira hotera Britannia Beach Hotel, iri Bahamas muParadhiso. Pashure paizvozvo kuzombodzoka kuUnited States. Okupedzisira makore matanhatu oupenyu hwake akanga atamira kubva muumbozha Hotel kune mumwe.

Death muchitiza

Hughes akazova zindoga, mupenyu vakavharirana maketeni. Akatamira muManagua (Nicaragua), ipapo - Vancouver, London, washington ari Bahamas, uye pakupedzisira, muna Acapulco (Mexico). Muna 1972 akatengesa Hughes Chishandiswa kambani for $ mamiriyoni 150. The yesangano of Summa ose dzesangano yake, iyo Rinotarisira zvose vemabhizimisi yayo, vave vanofungidzirwa $ 2 billion. Pasinei upfumi hwake, kuti billionaire aiva rudzi rwomunhu kurarama muurombo hwakanyanya. Mumakore achangopfuura, Govard Hyuz haana kubata chirwere chake uye haana kudya zvakanaka. Akanga aneta; panguva rufu rwake uremu kwakanga makirogiramu 42 chete. Hughes haana kubvumira navabatsiri vake kuzvitarisira pachangu, kusvikira ini pakupedzisira ndafenda. Vakaedza kutamira Houston, asi nokuda nguva ndege yacho, akanga atofa. Govard Hyuz akafa ndege, zvakanga zvakanaka kwaari, nokuti chete mudenga, akanzwa pamba. Mwana shoroma vakasiya nyika yake uye zita razova yezvechitendero.

A firimu pamusoro Howard Hughes, "The Aviator" vakagamuchira pamusoro inokudza panguva mhemberero kuti "Golden Globe" kuHollywood. Uyezve, muenzaniso kwave paakavapa shanu "Oscars" mubayiro Chinovhara Actors chikwata mibayiro uye ina British Academy of Film uye Terevhizheni Arts. Govard Hyuz (DiCaprio) unoratidzwa munguva hwake kubva ma1920 kuti mukupera 1940s.