John Huston: Biography, Creativity

Mutungamiriri wekuAmerica anozivikanwa, munyori wezvinyorwa, muimbi weJohn Marcellus Houston akaberekwa musi waAugust 5, 1906 mumhuri yemutambi Walter Houston, uyo panguva iyoyo aigara uye akashanda nemhuri dzake shomanana muNevada , Missouri.

Bhokisibha panzvimbo pokuchikoro

Pazera remakore gumi, John Houston akatora chido chikuru mubhosi uye akapinda mumakwikwi evaduku. Mitambo yakamubata iye zvokuti John akatosiya chikoro. Akasarudza zvakasimba kuva muchengeti wemhizha uye nokudaro akawana mararamiro. Kuonekwa kwokutanga, uko John Huston akapedza mubhokisi rekuvhota, akanga achikurudzira, akakunda musangano mumwe pashure peumwe. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi naye aive nechiitiko chisingafadzi, icho chinopedza basa rake remitambo.

John akambozvipinza mukurwisana kunotyisa, semugumisiro wekuti muimbi weEricrol Flynn akakanganisa zvakakuvara . Akarohwa zvikuru, akanga ari muchipatara kwenguva refu.

Muedzo wokutanga

Pazera remakore gumi namapfumbamwe, John Houston akaita chibvumirano chake mufirimu huru, achitamba chikamu chepachidimbu mufirimu shoma. Asi sezvo ivo vasina kumutumira mamwe mapepa, jaya racho rakaenda kuMexico, kwaakazova mutasvi vemabhiza ndokutanga kubereka mabhiza. Nguva yose iyi, Houston, Jr haana kurasikirwa nababa vake, uye paakaenda kuHollywood kune imwe kupfura, John akaenda naye, achifunga zvakare kuedza kuva mutambi.

Zvisinei, kuguma kwakasarudzwa zvimwe, uye mutambi akakundikana wemabasa akazova munyori wechiratidzo, uye ipapo mutungamiriri wezvikamu zvefirimu. Nzira dzakanaka dzokunyora magwaro dzakamubatsira kuti afambise mberi kwepakati munguva pfupi. Vanyori vekuUnited States ndivo chikamu chekushanda zvakanaka kwavanoita vanhu vasingatauri. Uye kana vanyori vatora mutsva mukati mavo, zvinoreva kuti akakodzera kutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma uye ane mhosva ekunyora magwaro.

Kudana

Kubudirira kweHouston kwaiva pachena, akanyora zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvemifananidzo yekare, yakadai se "Jezebheri" - iyi firimu yakazourayiwa naWilliam Wyler. John akasarudzwa kuna Oscar katatu muna 1938 na1940 mubasa rake.

Muna 1941, Houston akaita sarudzo yake yekutanga semufananidzo wefirimu nefirimu "The Falcon Falcon". Zvadaro zvakatevera mamwe mafirimu maviri, aifadza "kuburikidza neAcean" uye melodrama yakanzi "Iyi ndiyo upenyu hwedu."

Kushamwaridzana sechikonzero chekusika

Mutevedzeri aiva nehuwandu hwemagariro evanhu, aida varaidzo, magungano, makambani ane ushamwari ane zvinwiwa. Pazviitiko zvakawanda uye kutungamirira mabasa kune chiratidzo chinooneka chehupenyu hwake hwepanyika. Mutsigiri akavimbiswa wekujeka, wekukurukurirana mafirimu mufirimu, Houston akasika vanhu vake nevarume vane gay, vanobwinya, uye nguva dzose vakamubatsira kusunungura firimu inofadza.

The Criminal Criminal of 1963

Dzimwe nguva mutungamiriri akatendeukira kune zvinyorwa zvisiri izvo, rimwe remabasa ake raiva firimu rakabudiswa muna 1963. Imwe mitambo yemhosva inonzi "Rondedzero yeAdrian Messenger" yakagadzirwa nezita rimwechete naFiripi MacDonald.

Nhamba huru yemunyori Messenger Adrian inoratidza kuti pakutanga, hapana mafa asina kufanira, asi, iyo inosangana muketani imwe. Mukuona kwake, izvi zvinouraya, kunyatsorongwa uye kuurayiwa muhutano ropa.

Adrian anoshevedza shamwari yake, Anthony Getrin, aimbova mukuru wehurumende, achikumbira kubatsirwa pakufumura nyaya iyi yakaoma. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi Mutumwa iye pachake anofa mune kuparara kwechikwata, achisiya mushure mutsva unoshamisa wemazita uye mazwi mashomanana anofa. Somugumisiro wekutsvakurudza, Gethrin anopedzisa kuti ane pamberi pake rondedzero yemazita eimbova vasungwa vehondo kune imwe yemisasa muBurma. Vasungwa vakaedza kuronga kupukunyuka, asi mumwe wevarindi, Canada Sergeant George Brougham, akadzivisa kuita izvozvo. Iye zvino musungwa wese ane chikonzero chakanaka chokuda kuti Canada inofire. Asi iye pachake anokwanisa kukanganisa umwe wavo. Chii chakanyatsoitika? Ichi chakavanzika chokuwana Anthony Gethrin.

"Pasi petsoka pegomo"

Muna 1984, Houston yakaumba gungano reMexicoan-American rakavakirwa nebasa reMunyori weChirungu Malcolm Lauri "Pasi pegomo."

Zviitiko zvinoitika muMexico muna 1939. Hondo yatotanga, ichibvarura Europe. Iyi firimu inorondedzera nezvezuva rimwe muhupenyu hwemumiriri weBritain Jeffrey Firmin, anoshanda sa consul mumusha muduku weMexico.

Munhu weChirungu anorwara nekudhakwa, uye izvi zvinoita kuti upenyu hwake hurege kushivirira. Jeffrey anoedza kuti arege kubatwa nemishonga, asi kubva pane izvi mamiriro ezvinhu anotowedzera zvakanyanya, anorasikirwa nekunyengedzera kwake, anoita zvinokurumidza kuita. Uyu aimbova mudzimai waYvonne, uyo kunyange mushure mekurambana kwake asina kusiya murume wake mukutambudzika, anotarisa kushungurudzika nzira yekuzviuraya yakatora Jeffrey.

Mukadzi akakodzera anotarisira kuti kubudirire kubudirira, anotenda kuti murume wekare aizorapwa uye acharega kunwa. Iye semudzimai ane rudo ari kuedza kuva pedyo neFirm, panguva ipi zvayo yekuuya kununura. Kutya kwake kunogoverwa nehama yaGeoffrey, anonzi Hugh. Anotarisa kushungurudzika kuora mwoyo kwevanhu vomunharaunda iyeye pachake, anoteerera zvakananga nharo dzomukomana pamusoro pedambudziko rekufa kwevanhu vanobudirira uye kuti kuparadzwa kwaro kwatotanga kubva kwaari - Jeffrey Firmin.

Kana zviri zvekubudirira kwakaputsika, zvakanzi nguva isati yamboitika, asi kuzviparadza kwesavoti kwakanga kwave kutova pachena. Iyo nzira yave isingagadziriswi.

Basa re protagonist rakagadzirirwa kuna Richard Barton, asi akafira munaAugust 1984, uye Houston John vakakokera kumufambiro wemapurisa anoita chishamiso Albert Finney, uyo aigona, kufanana nemumwe munhu, aite dhimbirati inodhakwa. Mifananidzo yemudzimai wake yakaitwa nomutambi wechiFrench asina kukodzera Jacqueline Bisset, uye mukoma Hugh - Shona muimbi Anthony Andrews.

"Kudzoka kwaMambo"

Kunyanya zvakakosha kucherechedza kubatanidzwa kwemutungamiri mukugadzirwa kwemifananidzo yakazara-yakareba yefirimu naJules Bass naArthur Rankin. Houston John haana kuita semutungamiriri kana muchengeti wechenyu. Akataura mufananidzo wakajeka "The Return of the King." Kushanda munguva inopfuura awa nehafu yakawanda, asi Houston haana kuverenga nenguva. Chimiro chake Gandalf Grey chakave chakanakisisa.

Cartoon yakave yakagadzirirwa chikamu chekupedzisira chetatu chaJohn Tolkien "Ishe weRings." Panguva imwecheteyo, mufananidzo wacho wakagamuchirwa sekuenderera mberi kwe "Hobbit", fairytale yevana mumutambo wemimhanzi.

Vane masimba vanozvitaurira pamusoro pezviri kuitika, iye zvino uye kuputika neine chirevo chekuimba. Chirongwa chacho hachina mitsara yakasimba, chiito chacho hachina kusununguka. Iko protagonist ndiSam, asi kwete Frodo, unhu hwaAragorn hwakaderedzwa, kutonga kwake hakusi kutsanangurwa.

Mufananidzo wacho unotanga nemutambo wemabiko, apo Bilbo anobvunza mubvunzo waFrodo pamusoro pokuti Ring yaenda kupi. Frodo, Gandalf, mumiririri uye vamwe vanotanga nhau yekuti Hobbits yakatakura sei Ring kwaMoror.

Houston John, mutungamiri akakurumbira wenguva yake, aigona kutora chero basa ripi zvaro, dai chete raive kubatsira kwekufambiswa kweAmerica cinema. Kutungamirira firimu yakareba-refu kana inzwi rehero ye cartoon - zvose zvakanga zvakafanana mumeso emukuru mukuru wepakati.

Apo Houston John, ane mafirimu akawedzerwa mukurumbira, akafananidzira firimu "Mwari anoziva, VaAllison," akapedza nguva yakawanda muIreland. Ikoko, pakati pemavhidhiyo, mutungamiri aifungidzirwa kupenda. Imwe mafirimu "Asina kukwana" pamusoro pemakorobhi akapa Houston mukana wekuisa chikwata chemazhenje akavhara zuva rega roga uye achifamba kwenguva refu. Akanga achifamba nguva yake yekuzvidzivirira mumatanda pamwe naMarilyn Monroe naClark Gabble, avo vaifara. Vose mutungamiriri uye vateereri vakagara zvakanakisisa muchitsiko.

Basa riri mumapurogiramu mawo mafirimu

John Houston haana kurasikirwa nemukana wekutamba zvishoma nebasa shoma mufirimu yake, kudai kwaive kubatsiro kwechikonzero chinowanzoitika. Mumakore ekutanga makumi manomwe, akatanga kutarisa mumapurogiramu emagetsi emakurukota ake akajairika. Basa rakanakisisa kuna Houston ndiNowa Cross, chiremera chinoremekedzwa chinobva mufirimu "Chinatown" inotungamirirwa neRoma Polanski.

Mafirimu emangwana emutungamiriri

Iyi firimu "Kukudzwa kwemhuri Prizzi", yakaitwa naHouston muna 1985, yaiva imwe yemabasa ekupedzisira mubasa rake. Nyeredzi Jack Nicholson naCatherine Turner.

Ive firimu rekupedzisira, rakanzi "Vakafa" - chinyorwa chekinyorwa chebhuku raJacob Joyce rezita rimwe chete, chaiva kuguma kwakakodzera kwebasa raHouston John, uyo ane kodzero yekutumidza zita re "Best Director" yeAmerica cinema.

Awards

1. Muna 1949, Houston John akakunda mupiro weGood Globe Award pakuisa purogiramu iyi firimu "Pfuma yeSierra Madre."
2. Mugore rimwe chete, mutungamiriri akapiwa "Oscar" mukusarudza "Best Screenplay" uye "Best Direction" mufirimu "Pfuma yeSierra Madre."
3. Gore gore 1953 - mubayiro "Silver Lion" yekugadzira iyo movie "Moulin Rouge".
4. "Golden Globe" muna 1964, basa rerongwa rwechipiri mufirimu "Cardinal".
5. Muna 1985, "Golden Lion" pamutambo weVinice Film pamubatsiro wake kunyika ye cinema.
6. "Golden Globe" mugore ra1986 nokuda kwekutungamirirwa kwakanakisisa, iyo firimu "Kukudzwa kwemhuri Prizzi."

IHedston Dynasty ndiyo yekutanga kuHollywood, yakapiwa mubayiro we "Oscar" muzvizvarwa zvitatu. Zvinyorwa zvegoridhe zvakapiwa kumukuru wehama dzepedyo dzekuita mafirimu akaumbwa naJohn Houston pachake.