Bee dukutu: Makuriro Danho kuti munhu mukuru, zvokudya tsika uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

The Kugadzirwa nyuchi, drone the mano, uye dumbu rakakamurwa embryo uye postembryonic uye chinosanganisira anoverengeka matanho: zai, dukutu, Prepupa, mudhori. Embryo nguva rinotanga kubva panguva wekusangana uye inofanira inotungamirwa kunzwisisa zvipuka zvine masero akawanda nezvisikwa zai - dukutu. Postnatal Danho - ndiwo muitiro tishandurwe dukutu ive mukuru. Zviya, nyuchi mazana, majaya nyuchi dziri apiyari ipi inonzi "Detva".

The nemamiriro mazana nyuchi

Bee dukutu ane nyore maumbirwo: a musoro diki uye chena gonye-kufanana muviri raiumbwa abdominal uye thoracal zvikamu. The rokunze goko akafuka mutete paiva chitinous. Zvimwe zvomukati (zvakafanana muna akura, asi zvishoma dzakabudirira) inoita basa rinokosha ura, rusvingo pamberi iyo inopiwa muchimiro pfupi chubhu ine netsandanyama. rutapudzo yavo rinobvumira dukutu nyuchi yakayamwa mura chikafu. Pataifamba midgut, iyo anopindura chikamu chomuviri zvakanaka, utambanudzire ari excretory zvomukati - 4 Malpighian mudziyo. Hindgut inozivikanwa nokuda curved chimiro pamwe horo apera. Hazvina kuwana chikafu zvasara, sezvinoita nepakati uye posterior ura pakati pavo havana kuudzwa. Remubatanidzwa mapoka aya ndepana pakuguma zvinorondedzerwa danho. Heart mazana riri dorsal nzvimbo uye ine masero 12, nepo muna akura kambuyu 5. zvavo kufema nhengo anoparadzirwa kumativi mutumbi tracheal hunde dzacho pamwe mapazi akawanda. Zvakasimba dzakabudirira mafuta rukoko vanoumba zvachose muviri uremu vanenge 60-65%. Nhengo dzakavandika uye tsinga iri kwayo mucheche; meso uye olfactory zvomukati hatisi. On rezasi muromo anoda rakazaruka Kukosa shwanu. Ivo kubudisa zvinhu izvo dukutu Muruoko rwake anobata chirukiso munhu nhumbana.

Chakagadzirwa zvibereko mhedziso: zvinokosha nzira

Pakati ura uye ovaries ane dorsal mudziyo. The mazana yokushanda nyuchi uye amai vari zvakafanana kwenhamba zai sepombi. Panguva predkukolnoy uye chidzoyi Danho larval nhengo uye tishu kuora. Also kukwegura zai mabhanzi, izvo mukuru ari zvidimbu vanenge 5. At masterbatch mazana ovarian inotungamirwa anoramba padanho mudhori. Inotungamirwa dzakawanda tubules zai dukutu iri pakugadzira kukosha: panyaya rufu amai nyuchi mazana anokwanisa kudzoka kuunza "fistulous" dumbu. Izvi dzinongoitika Fani irimo hazvizivi kushaya kuti mambokadzi nyuchi.

Kukura mazana nyuchi

Pakangotanga mazana yakabuda kubva mazai, iye pakarepo inowira pasi sero uye kupinda hanya maoko vakuru, pakarepo vanotanga nokushingaira zakarmlivat "mwana wake." Nyuchi mukoti akarara pasi muchitokisi yakawanda youmambo mondo (5 nguva uremu mazana) anogadzirwa pharyngeal omumuviri uye kuva mukuru muviri ukoshi. Mondo mazana rine mafuta, makabhohaidhiretsi, mapuroteni, zvicherwa, vhitamini B. dukutu, achiita rotational kugara, kushama hunde sangano, nguva dzose anodya kumorwa zvinhu uye kuwedzera tichizviona zvakanaka.

Nguva vanoshingaira kukura uye kusingadzoreki havi

Kana "achangoberekwa" chiratidzazvizhinji achirema 0.1 MG ane kureba 1,6 neMM, ipapo zuva iye anogona kukura 1 mm. Mazuva maviri gare gare, yake yakakwirira kunopfuura 6 mm. Achitaura uremu: pashure 5 Mazuva kubva musi kuberekwa kwake nechipi akapfuudza kutanga nguva muna 1400-1500. kufuta kwakadaro kusingadzoreki ane zvakanaka divi: mu muviri mazana ari kuunganidza guru chitsama zvinovaka muviri zviri kuchengeterwa nguva, kana simba haasi kuwanika. Kubva pazuva zvokudya rechitatu iri kuramba ichiva siyana uye zvakapfumisa nemuriwo kuti mukume nouchi. Kuwedzera zvinovaka muviri ari muduku chizvarwa, mukoti nyuchi kuramba kukura kushanya ose miniti mazana. Inivhoyisi uwandu uchishanyira yose nguva larval Danho zviuru.

Dzimwe nguva zvinoitika kuti nyuchi emit mazana. ezvinhu Izvi imhaka zvirwere (sacculated vana foulbrood European, askosferoz nevamwe), nyuchi Colony akarova kana izvi zvaitwa kuti waidzora quantitative chakarurama. Vachifunga kuti zvokudya panguva zvose haisi kukwana, nyuchi kubvisa mamwe miromo zvokudya. kusunungurwa mazana zvingaitikawo nokuda nenzara.

Molting: nzendo

Kuwedzera pamusoro mazana asingadi kukanganisa kukura nguo rayo - goko, unongova anotambanudza shoma. Panongotanga yokupedzisira inova diki, nenyuchi dukutu, ane zita pakati venyuchi unorira "Detva", pakarepo kushanduka kuti yakakura, unoenderana kukura, achisiya zvakaraswa odezhku muchitokisi. Panguva kukura mazana Molt kunoitika 4, chimwe nechimwe kunotora inenge awa. By retanhatu zuva nyuchi dukutu inowedzera saka anofukidza sero zvachose. Kana zvakadaro, pamwe mazana uye muviri wake havashanduki zvikuru zviri kuitika. nguva yokutanga iyo zvipembenene molting pashure maawa 12-18 aberekwa. Chechipiri goko shanduko kunoitika pashure pemaawa 36. Kechitatu nguvo iri yoku- pashure maawa 60 kubva nguva hatching, uye vokupedzisira - pashure pemaawa 78-89.

Predkukolnaya siteji mazana

Zvadaro nyuchi dukutu anopinda predkukolnuyu danho. Bee seal nayo - akatambanudza pamwe nokureba sero uye akaronga musoro kuti buri, -vozduhopronitsaemoy porous pachifunhiro charo, zvinosanganisira 2% dzemvura, 46% chiedza shava guru mukume mu murwiyo uye 58% wakisi. Chisimbiso Tupukanana pakarepo abudiswa chikafu masarasara vaunganidza nokuda compression mudumbu rusvingo uye musana pakakoromoka mugove. Izvi chaicho chinoratidza kurasa uyezve nendove chete pashure zvokudya kunobatsira kuramba runodiwa wakachena memukoko, uye kudzivirirwa kunokonzerwa chikafu pakusvibiswa.

Kugadzirira kwokushanduka kuva pupa

Kana mazana renyuchi mu mizinga vasunungurwa undigested nezvokudya residues, vakabva vanotanga chamupidigori munhu nhumbana, kuti ndicho chakavanzika chirukwa kugadzira mumasero womukati mhango muchitokisi. The dukutu munhu kushanda nenyuchi iri basa mutoro akadaro haadyi; uterine nomumwe rinomira pamusoro zvokudya uye pave guurwa pamwe pakazaruka kurutivi pasi muchitokisi. Yakanga kubva nyuchi dukutu uchaguta youmambo mondo panguva oparesheni. Nhumbana basa mawindo mazana asina. In remangwana nyuchi larval Danho iri 6 mazuva, kuti drone the mano - 7 days, dumbu - 5 mazuva.

Chimwe Molt ari dukutu uchi Nyuchi kusangana tasangana guurwa. Zvisinei, zvino ichi muitiro hwakafanana yapfuura: a pemvura muviri ndiko yavaive ane mvura chaiyo inosimudzira kuparadzana rekare uye itsva-yakaumbwa cuticle. Pakupedzisira moulting kunoitika chiwedzerwa zvokuvamba nechokunze zvose zvinoshandiswa kuti vaimbova iri romukati rutivi muviri goko, uye zvishoma nezvishoma paumbwe rokunze muviri. Nenzira iyi, mumwe nomumwe nyuchi anogadzirira shanduko munzvimbo pupa. Dokukolnaya pavaipfuura ari nyuchi mazana uye amai anotora 2 mazuva drone the mano - 2 nguva refu.

Paumbwe akura Tupukanana

Akamhanyiswa dokukolnoy danho kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kutendeuka shapeless kupinda akura nezvipembenene: nokuumba mudumbu muchipfuva mugove uye musoro, iyo kwaswedera kanyanga mouthparts uye nyore uye akakura maziso. The rumbabvu mugove aumbwa primordia makumbo maviri yegwara mapapiro. On mudumbu kunowedzera dorsal mhete - tergites. Abdominal hafu zvindori - sternites kufukidza rezasi chikamu mudumbu uye zvakabatana mumwe mumwe mutete plenochkoj tergites. The mafuta muviri nehasha akaderedzwa, nekuti pamwe kuguma simba ndiro chete tsime simba nokuda Kushandurwa larval zvomukati.

Nutritional reserves kuti Makawana mumuviri nokuda zvikuru nguva kudyisa, zvishoma nezvishoma wakavhomorwa miviri ramangwana. Munzira, pane kuchinja muviri ruvara kubva chiedza yero kune dzepepuru kuburikidza dema kana shava. värjäys kwacho rinotanga maziso, anoenda musoro chipfuva uye dumbu chikamu.

The mukunopera mazana

Kwokupedzisira pavaipfuura Kugadzirwa mazana ane mudhori - zvakafanana chitarisiko kuti mukuru Tupukanana, chete kuva chena ruvara. Ari ezvinhu rokuzorora zvakakwana, pasina simba, kuti hwava Tupukanana anozadziswa kuchinja zvinoshamisa: vamwe mitumbi inonyangarika zvakakwana vamwe aoma. Kamwe izvi zvapera - a mudhori ichichinja kushanda dumbu, kana drone the mano nyuchi, yokumusoro shaya nayo peregryzet chivharo uye muchitokisi.

Young dumbu kuti kunze rubatsiro kuti mushandi nyuchi; vakadya navo pamusoro guurwa, zvokuti anova vachena chena. It iri nguvo ruvara, unogona kusarudza muchitokisi hatch zimai. Vose upenyu kunoita kubva zai kune vakuru Tupukanana Zvinotora mazuva 21 kubva kushanda nenyuchi, mazuva 16 ari dumbu, uye mazuva 24 ari drone the mano. Nokuti Qualitative kukura kwenhengo dzese nyuchi mhuri iri dendere inofanira kuramba tembiricha ose + 34-35 ^{° C,} uyewo zvokudya zvakakwana uye uwandu mukoti nyuchi.