Anotevedzana patafura Pushkin. The upenyu nebasa Pushkin

Okugadzira zvinhu Russian mabhuku shasha A. S. Pushkina mukuru uye mapfumo kuti hazvibviri kuti kufungidzira. Brief anotevedzana patafura Pushkin, Chokwadi, handiti zvose Achiviruka. Iye anonzi muvambi mutauro ano Russian. Novelist, mudetembi, storyteller uye munyori wemitambo Pushkin zvokuverenga nemamiriyoni evanhu pasi pose. nguva Pushkin kwakaita refu apfuura. Asi ake rokusika chenhaka achiri mupenyu upenyu hwake chaiko pachikuva uye mabhaisikopu, akatakura rakadzika kwouzivi uye wokufananidzira zvinoreva, izvo anovhura mumwe yazvo nenzira, kusvikira dzidzo uye kurovedzwa, uyewo tsika uye zvokunamata kukura.

Pedigree Pushkin

Kuti unzwisise rokusika chiratidzo uye lyrical Kukanganisika A. S. Pushkina, unofanira kutanga kuongorora Biography ake kuti iye aiva nedutu kwazvo uye zvinofadza. Anotevedzana Tafura Pushkin (hwake uye basa) rine zvakawanda yemichindwe zvinokosha. In pfupi upenyu hwaiitirwa kwaari, akakwanisa nokusingaperi wosiya zvisingafi ndangariro pachake, kuonga nemabasa ake usingafi.

Great-sekuru Nyanduri rakanga kuti Abrama Petrovich Hannibal - muItiopiya Negro, GODFATHER uye Pet chevaux Peter I, uyo akava akakurumbira mukuru wehondo Russian uye vakuru muchiuto injiniya.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti A. S. Pushkin ari muzukuru ane anokudzwa asi varombo mhando Ioanna Groznogo nguva dzakare. Sergey Lvovich Pushkin - mubereki Nyanduri - aiva pamudyandigere Major, uyo akawana vanhu mudzimai Tariro Osipovna, Nee Hannibal. muchato wavo kwainzi misalliance, sezvo vaiva guru zera musiyano.

Amai Pushkin aiva mukuru-muzukuru wake, Sergeyu Lvovichu. Vakawanikwa muna 1796. muchato wavo akanga akasimba zvakakwana. Vaiva nevana vasere, asi vashanu vavo akafa mucheche. Paiva chete Olga, Alexander uye Leo, vari kuita dzidzo iri kazhinji kuchatsiviwa dzimwe Vaperekedzi.

Childhood Pushkin, 1799-1811

The mukomana, uyo vakadana Alexander, akaberekwa muna 1799, May 26 (maererano nekarenda itsva, June 6). Zvino vabereki vake vaigara muMoscow, nomunzira Germany mumba Skvortsova. Mukomana akakura mukuru womudzimu uye tamba, chete kuda mbuya yangu, Gannibal Mariya Alekseevna, umo iye vaiwanzogara ari Suburban Zakharov. Akava wokutanga nokusingaperi kuisa muzukuru wake kuverenga nokunyora uye nyaya nengano mhuri. A shamwari yake yepamwoyo chechipiri ainyanyodiwa nanny ake, Arina. Iye akaisa ramangwana shasha shoma rudo Russian ngano.

Nechekare makore mapfumbamwe Pushkin aiziva raibhurari yababa vake uye aifarira kuverenga mabasa vadetembi nomukurumbira uye vanyori vakadai Homer, Voltaire, Plutarch, uye zvichingodaro. D. Akafuridzirwa nemabasa Moliere, akanyora nhetembo yake yokutanga muna French, achiedza tarenda ake akanga asati pachena mune Russian versification.

Lyceum, 1811-1817

Mumatsutso 1811 Pushkin ndanyoresa ari yepamusoro dzidzo sangano, asi Imperial Tsarskoye tiiviste Lyceum vana voumambo. Zviri pano kuti Pushkin akaumba maitiro uye enyika nezvitendero zvavo, zvinoratidzwa ari mudetembi kukuru. lyrical manzwiro ake hwakazara nomufaro uye nomufaro. Rinotanga panguva Lyceum ubike chaiye enhetembo upenyu Pushkin vake.

Akanyora anenge 130 nhetembo, kusanganisira "The Hwindo", "Kuna shamwari mudetembi", "Chido", uye vamwe. MuchiHebheru uye nyore mharidzo aibudisa nhetembo ake mabasa nevamwe vadetembi vaduku panguva. Mutsoropodzi VG Belinsky atoona maari makings ari mudetembi National ramangwana. Paaiita zvidzidzo zvake panguva Lyceum Pushkin akanga vakabvuma kuti mabhuku denderedzwa "Arzamas", rakabudiswa muna "Russian Muzeum" magazini uye akatanga nhetembo "Ruslan uye Lyudmila".

Pushkin uye Derzhavin 1815

Pushkin anotevedzana tafura ine mumwe anonakidza uye anokosha Chiitiko nokuda nyanduri, izvo achapiwa kamwechete akayeuka netsamba dzake. Rimwe zuva muna January 1815, panguva Lyceum pamusoro voruzhinji vakapinda bvunzo akanga atokwegura chaizvo Derzhavin. vadzidzi Zvose Lyceum ndaitya zvikuru pamberi unongotaura. Apo Pushkin akaenda kuverenga nhetembo yake "netsamba mu Tsarskoye tiiviste" Derzhavin pakarepo vakatsva kwazvo vakagarwa, maziso ake zvikapenya. Pushkin akasvika panzvimbo rinotaura zita Derzhavin, inzwi rake kwakaunga, uye mwoyo wake wakatanga paundi. Paakapedza, Derzhavin aiva nechido uye nguva dzose aida kugamuchira mwana chipo, asi Pushkin akanga apukunyuka, zvino chete haina kuwana.

Muzhizha 1817, ari lyceum vadzidzi zvakaitika okupedzisira bvunzo. Zvinofanira kuva kutaurwa kuti dzakawanda navo vokusekondari ipapo muchirongwa Decembrist yemuna muna 1825. Pashure nokubudiswa oupenyu nyaya Pushkin ari kuwana itsva dzokai, uye nyanduri anotanga chinonakidza akazvimirira upenyu.

Petersburg upenyu, 1817-1820

Pakarepo mushure ndabva Lyceum, Pushkin muSt Petersburg uye akapinda kuti kushumira State College of Affairs Foreign. Kune upenyu mudetembi wacho achazadzwa kwete chete kunakidza uye chinozorodza, iye vacharatidza kufambira mberi tsinga kuti uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika, worupo maonero uye moods, izvo akararama panguva yacho revatongi vechidiki. Aizoita kunyora yake yakakurumbira ode "Liberty", asi nhetembo "Kuti Chaadaev", "The Village 'uye T. D. Pushkin rine mukurumbira chaizvo uye rinozivikanwa unhu chokunyika yeChina, nhetembo ake enyika kukonzera kufarira zvechokwadi pakati voruzhinji. Nokuti ichi akabhadhara. Chevaux Alexander Ndinoda kutuma Pushkin ari nhapwa kuSiberia. Asi kurevererwa Zhukovsky uye Karamzin kuponesa Mudetembi wacho asingatyi kurangwa ichi chakakomba, uye akatumirwa kunoshanda kuCaucasus.

South kubatana, 1820-1822

Pakutanga akagara kuCaucasus, ipapo akaenda Crimea, Kishinev, Odessa. Mumakore ari kumaodzanyemba vakatapwa, anofunga chaizvo uye basa kuzviita nemabasa akadai yakakurumbira se "musungwa Caucasus" uye "tsime Bakhchisarai". Panguva iyoyo akanyora Parody yacho nhetembo "Gabrieliad" kurova nyaya Gospel Mutsvene, chii zvino achazvidemba nokuda upenyu. Asi zvino, rimwe jaya uye inopisa, zvakanga zvichiri kure nayo, sezvo muChisinau akabatana Masonic vachivata.

Link muna St Michael, 1824-1825

Kuita Freemasonry, iyo Alexander I chirevo wairambidza August 1, 1822, A. S. Pushkina akatuma pasi aigara mumba panguva yake mhuri kuchamuka Mikhailovskoye musha kuti pedyo muPskov. Pashure yakazara uye ruzha upenyu Odessa Pushkin kwakaita yachinja, kudzikama mashoko akashungurudzika zvikuru uye vakatushura ikoko. iwe chete akava ruponeso rwake uye akaramba kushinga. Akapedza anenge makore maviri. Nanny Arina manheru vakagamuchira dzechembere ake. upenyu hwake kusurukirwa ijeke uye rwendo kune muvakidzani-womunda Praskovya Alexandrovna Osipova, kwaakanga kamwe netsaona asangana Anna Kern, ane akazotevera ndima yakanga yakatsaurirwa kuna "Ndinoyeuka chaizvo kamwe."

In Michael, iye akatanga kushanda enhoroondo mutambo "Boris Godunov", kazhinji anoshanyira raibhurari Svyatogorsk Holy Dormition wemamonk, achitaura mamongi, kuchinja maonero ake uye upenyu hwomudzimu. Kubva peni yake "Eugene Onegin" uye nhetembo "vechiGypsy". Saka Nhapwa vakaenda makore Pushkin.

Wedding pamwe Natalia Goncharova

Pushkin, wakanyengwa Goncharova, akamanikidzwa kusiya muna Boldin kugadzirisa nyaya yavo nhaka, uye aifanira kugara ikoko kwemwedzi mitatu. Kutiza kwakakwidibira pfungwa, iye anoshanda nesimba uye mabasa akakurumbira rungano "Little Nematambudziko", "Tales ari Late Ivana Vasilevicha Belkina", pasina iro nhasi zvisingafungidziriki zvakanyorwa chero munyori ari Biography pakati Pushkin.

Anotevedzana tafura wakaiswa pasi, kwete akateerera chinokosha chokuti muMoscow muna February 1831, A. S. Pushkin uye Natalie Goncharova korona. Marriage naye akanga kwaari zvechokwadi zvinouraya, uye vakauya kwaari vari kufara uye kusuwa. Mudzimai akanga akanaka kuti anopenga kwete chete vakadzi vomudare, asiwo-soro chepamusoro vanokudzwa.

The mhuri Pushkin aiva nevana vana. Akabva aishanda mudare chevaux Nicholas I-jendurumani pamusoro mokuvata. Asi ichi chaiva yakadereresa chinzvimbo kwamachinda, akanyadzisa chiremera nyanduri. Kwete mari yakakwana, saka mhuri zvikwereti vakanga achikura, uye izvi zvose simba Pushkin. Panguva ino akanyora nyaya pfupi, "Mambokadzi nefoshoro", "The Bronze webhiza", iro rinonzi "Dubrovsky", iro kupedza uye havana nguva.

Pashure pechinguvana resigns, anoshanda zvakaoma State Archives uye aida kunyora pamusoro Pugachev, pave "Contemporary" magazini, apo N. V. Gogol akadhindwa, AI Turgenev, VA Zhukovsky, asi zvinhu haana ladyatsya.

Duel pamwe Dantes

Pushkin wake zvishoma nezvishoma Opletal samambure chivande uye kuchera, sezvo kuramba wechiduku wokuFrance Dantes haana kubvumira kwemutemo Natalia Goncharova. Ipapo Pushkin, mukudzivirira rukudzo wake nemhuri yake, raingoreva dzakamanikidzwa duel Dantes anomboitika wakaitwa January 27, 1837. duel ichi A. S. Pushkin akakuvadzwa. Shure kwemazuva maviri muSt Petersburg, akafa kubva chinorwadza pari uye hweHIV ropa, maminitsi mashoma asati afa ari kugoverana mupristi weOrthodox.

February 6 1937, akavigwa kumakuva Mutsvene Dormition wemamonk, riri 5 km kubva mhuri yavatezvara Nyanduri, musha Mikhailovskoye muPskov nharaunda.

Heunoi iye - yakanaka, inopenya, asi pfupi chaizvo - upenyu nyaya kubudikidza Pushkin, mudetembi mukuru Russian. Zvino vakararama vanogona chete kuzvidemba kuti saka mangwanani uye saka zvinosuruvarisa akacheka upenyu.

Brief anotevedzana Tafura Pushkin muupenyu

Life A. S. Pushkina akanga dazzlingly inopenya uye zvine. Asi kwete kufara sezvataizoda. Izvi tafura anotevedzana Pushkin rine chete chikamu chiduku zviitiko vaifanira kutsungirira nyanduri kukuru.