Zviratidzo zvekuongororwa kwehuwandu yeropa: inowanzo muvana nevakuru

Kana munhu achitsvaka chiremba kana pane zviratidzo, chiremba anomugadza chidzidzo chekumanikidzirwa. Izvo zvinowanzoitwa kana kuongororwa kwakafanana kweropa zvinongowanikwa muurongwa hwezvirevo izvi. Mushure mezvose, maererano nemigumisiro yekutsvakurudza, chiremba anogona kuwana ruzivo pamusoro pemamiriro evanhu semunhu wose. Kunyange muongorori ane ruzivo haangagoni kunyatsoziva murwere chete pamusana pekuongororwa ropa, asi zvisinei izvi zvinoratidzira mune imwe nzira inofanira kufamba.

Kugadzirira ropa rekupa chidzidzo

Nokuda kwemigumisiro yekudzidza kuti ipe ruzivo rwakanyanya kuna chiremba nezvemamiriro emurwere, zvakakosha kuzvigadzirira. Pane zvimwe zviratidzo zvekuongorora ropa. Chirevo cheiyi data chakasiyana nevakuru nevana. Kubva pane zviratidzo paanenge achifananidza dare rekutsvakurudza, chiremba anogadza kana pane kukanganisa kubva mumitemo iyi yakawanda inogamuchirwa. Kuti urege kukanganisa migumisiro yekutsvaga, iyo inogona kutungamirira mukugadzirisa kwekusaziva kwakashata, zvakaoma zvikuru kutora mishonga uye doro panguva yekupa ropa. Kune imwezve nzira yekugadzirira kuendeswa kwemashoko ekutsvakurudza, heinoi makuru acho:

1. Ropa rinotorwa kubva kumurwere mangwanani mangwanani musina chinhu. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti usadya kudya kwemanheru nemafuta kana zvokudya zvinonaka. Nyama inoputa kana zvokudya zvekakani zvinopesana.
2. Kunyanya kunwa doro kunorambidzwa pamusoro pezuva risati rasvika ropa.
3. Hazvibvumirwi kusvuta, kunwa kofi uye tei kusati kwasvibiswa, nokuti izvi zvose zvinogona kukanganisa zviyero zvehuwandu hwekuongorora ropa, izvo zvichange zvisiri kure nekuteerera. Nenguva isati yasvika, unogona kunwa mvura isina gasi.
4. Pamberi penzira yekuunganidza ropa, hazvina kunaka kuti usatya. Kana iwe wakatora nguva yakareba kusvika pakusununguka, unoda kuzorora zvishomanana.
5. Kunyanya kuipa kunogona kukanganisa migumisiro yeruzhinji rwekuongorora ropa, chimiro chemashoko aya chichakurukurwa pasi apa, basa ripi neripi rekunyama nemitambo, X-rays.
6. Kutora mishonga hazvibvumirwi, asi kana zviitiko zvekukurumidzira zvakakosha kuchenesa mberi pamusoro peizvi mushandi we laboratori anotora ropa kuti aongorore.

Ropa rinotorwa sei nevarwere?

Mu laboratori umo miedzo inoshandiswa, zvose zvinoshandiswa zvehutachiona hwehutachiona uye hutsanana, kusanganisira quartz, inofanira kuitwa. Chirwere chepiriniki kana chirwere chekuyera ropa (chimiro chomwana uye munhu mukuru akasiyana) chinoitwa nekuchiwana kubva mumhino kana kubva kumunwe. Iro re laboratory mubatsiri anofanirwa kushanda mumatombo asina kuvhara akadzingwa. Kuti vaite izvi, vanofanirwa kutapwa nechinangwa nemamwe mativi ethyl alcohol.

Kuongororwa kweropa kubva pamunwe usingazivikanwi kunoshandiswa uchishandisa chidimbu chakanaka - chinopisa. Bhizimisi rerabhu anobaya munwe, zvino mushure mekuonekwa kwedonho rokutanga reropa, rinounza pipette yakanakira kuvhara uye inounganidza zvinhu zvacho mumudziyo unofanana nebhubhu inogadzirwa. Ropa rinotorwa rinotorwa nesirinhe kana kuti rinopisa ropa sampling system, rinosanganisira nenyuchi, cylinder uye zvakasiyana-siyana test tubes. Semuenzaniso, kutora ropa uye nekuwedzera kudzidza chigumisiro chekuongorora ropa rose, chiyero chacho chave chichigadziriswa nechetachiona, shandisa chivharo chine violet nezvidhori. Iyo inopisa fence system inonyanya kufarirwa kune sironi isina kuchena, nokuti:

1. Kutora ropa kubva kune murwere kune ngozi kune unyanzvi webazi, sezvo pasina kubatana zvakananga nemashoko acho.
2. Masero eropa, ayo iro rinopa ropa, harina kukuvadzwa nekubatana nemhepo yakakisi, sezvo isipo kune ino.

Kutorwa nenzira dzakadai, ropa mune varwere rinongororwa nekuda kwe:

1. Nhamba ye hemoglobin.
2. Tsanangudzo ye ESR.
3. Kuverenga nhamba yemasero eropa muropa uchishandisa microscope, nezvimwewo.

Chinangwa chekuongorora

Ndezvipi zvinowanzoitwa kuongororwa kweropa? Ongororo inogadzirisa zviyero zvemunhu chero upi zvake anotaura nezvemamiriro ake uye zvirwere zvinonzi. Kubva pamigumisiro, inofungidzirwa kuti:

1. Nhamba yemasero matsvuku eropa.
2. Hemoglobin - chiyero chezvinhu zviri mumasero matsvuku eropa uye chinokonzera kufamba kwe okisijeni kubva kumapapu kune nhengo dzose dzevanhu.
3. Nhamba yemitumbi mitsvuku muropa, chimiro chakakosha che leukocyte chinotsanangurwa. Ava ndivo vadziviriri vemuviri, vachiwedzera nhamba yavo - uchapupu hwekuputira maitiro.
4. Platelets ndiro mahwendefa anokonzera kuvhara ropa apo midziyo inoparadzwa.
5. Hematocrit ihumwe huwandu hwehuwandu hwemasero eropa kusvika plasma.
6. Iko kunopisa kwemaviri matsvuku (erythrocytes). Kana chirwere chekuongorora ropa chikaitwa, chiyero cheEr chinofungidzirwa kubva pachiyero chekuputsika kwezvitsvuku zvitsvuku kusvika pasi pechikepe, idzi idzi dzinobvumira kuongorora kweimwe ropa ropa.

Chipatara chekuongorora ropa. Tsanangudzo

Ndizvo chete chiremba anogona kunzwisisa zvinorehwa nemashoko ose pamusoro pekuongororwa kwezvirwere zvinogona kuitika. Kwete nguva dzose zviratidzo zvekuongorora ropa rose, chimiro chezvinhu izvi, zvinoratidza kuti munhu ane utano, chete nyanzvi anogona kutonga izvi. Asi mamwe ruzivo rwemazuva ano munhu achiri kusungirwa kuti ave. Ngationgororei pane zvakadzama zvavari.

Hemoglobin

Iyi ndiyo mapuroteni ekufema anowanikwa mumasero matsvuku eropa, ndiye iye anotakura oksijeni nhengo dzevanhu. Chikamu chikuru chayo ndedhi, apo erythrocytes inopinda mumapapu, inosanganiswa neokisijeni uye inofamba pamwe nematumbu uye nhengo dzomuviri. Low hemoglobin isemia, inotungamirira kushayikwa kweokisijeni mumuviri. Uye chiratidzo chinowedzera chinoratidza kuti muviri unopera mvura. Saka, zvose zviratidzo zvekuongorora ropa zvakakosha zvikuru. Norm ye hemoglobin level:

- kuvanhu: 132-153 g / l;

- muvakadzi: 119-141 g / l;

- muzvitsva: 211-216 g / l;

- vana pasi pegore rimwe: 126-128 g / l;

- kwemakore maviri: 117-133 g / l.

Protein

Ichi ndicho chiratidzo chekugadzirisa kwayo, iyo-nhamba yose yeprotein iri mune serum. Zvakakosha kubudisa puroteni-inopa ropa test. Puroteni (yakasarudzwa, yakakwirira, inoderedzwa) ndiyo inonyanya kukosha inoratidziro ye laboratory iyo iwe unogona kugadzirisa:

1. Ropa rinokonzerwa neropa uye viscosity.
2. Izwi reropa.
3. Kubatanidzwa mukuzvidzivirira kwezvirwere.
4. Coagulation zvinhu, nezvimwewo.

Puroteni yakakura muropa haina kudarika kudarika puroteni yakadzika. Ichi chiratidzo chinogona kutaura pamusoro pezvirwere zvinotapukira, chirwere chisingaperi chehepatitis, cirrhosis, nezvimwewo. Kuputsa mapuroteni kunokonzera kusingaperi kweropa ropa, kupisa kwemaitiro, fever, chepfu, nezvimwewo.

Kutsunga kweprotheni yakagadziriswa mu plasma ndiyo inokosha yekuongorora ropa. Puroteni yose, iyo inowanikwa iyo inopesana nhamba uye yakasiyana kubva muzera: munhu mukuru - 64-85 g / l; Mwana wacho 45-80 g / l. Muvanhuwo zvavo inonzi biochemistry.

Erythrocytes

Ava ndivo vanogadzirisa muviri wemuviri nemweya, uyezve, masero matsvuku eropa anobvisa carbon dioxide. Nhamba yakaderera inotungamirira kuonekwa kweanemias akasiyana-siyana. Uye kuwedzera kwazvo kunogona kutungamirira ku thrombosis. Kubuda kwe-erythrocytes kunogona kukonzerwa nehutanoti uye hutachiona. Muchiitiko chekutanga, kuwedzera mumasero matsvuku eropa kunogona kuitika nekuita muviri, kufema kwepfupa, kushungurudzika mupfungwa. Aerythrocytosis inorwara inogona kutaura nezvezvirwere zveropa, zvakadai seVakez chirwere. Mukuwedzera, idzi data inogona kuratidza chirwere chemwoyo, zvirwere zvisingaperi zvepapupa, nezvimwewo. Kukosha kunonyanya kuongororwa kunzvimbo yekutanga yechirwere, saka zvakakosha kuzarura nhamba yemasero matsvuku eropa, zvichiita kuongorora ropa rose. Chimiro chemukomana nemunhu mukuru chakasiyana kubva kune mumwe. Nhamba ye erythrocytes muvarume ndeye 4.01-5.07 * 10 pane yechigumi chegumi nembiri / l; Mumadzimai - 3.7-4,6 * 10 muchegumi nembiri / l; Muvana vakadarika makore maviri, 4.1 * 10 mu 12 degree / liter.

Hematocrit

Ropa musanganiswa weiyo mvura, iyo, plasma uye masero. Ichi chiyero ndiyo hematocrit. Nhamba iyi inoratidzirwa muzvikamu, somuenzaniso, chimiro chehematocrit:

- kuvakadzi - kubva 34-45% (izvi zvinoreva kuti nhamba ye erythrocytes muropa - 38-49%);

- kuvanhu - 37-49%.

Hematocrit yakakura inowanikwa nekudzikisa muviri. Kuderera kwezviratidzo izvi zvinogona kuve nekushaya ropa.

Icho chidimbu chemuviri weeerythrocyte tube

Kuongororwa kweropa kunowanzova tsika ye ESR - nhamba inotaura kuti nokukurumidza ropa rinoparidzirwa sei kumaplasma uye nechezasi. Pamberi payo, yakanga ine imwe mutsara - ROE. Kuyera ropa rose (ROE), chimiro chekuita kwe erythrocyte sedimentation, yakasiyanawo nevana nevakuru, somuenzaniso kuvanhu varume 2-8 mm kweawa imwe, kune vana 2-12 mm / h. Kuvapo kwezviratidzo zvakakwirira kunoratidzira zvirwere zvemuviri, chepfu, zvirwere. Zviratidzo zvishoma zve sedimentation rate zvinogona kuenzaniswa nezara nenzara, kurasikirwa kwemasimba mashoma, nezvimwewo.

Bilirubin

Nokuti kushanda kwemuviri wemunhu kunoda zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana uye mavitamini, izvo zvikonzero zvakajeka zvinouya kwete chete nemhepo. Munhu anoda zvokudya, pamwe chete naro anogamuchira zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvinobatsira, kusanganisira simbi. Ndiko kusakosha kwechikamu ichi kana kupesana kwakakwana mumutumbi unogona kutungamirira kuonekwa kweacteric syndrome - ichi ndicho chimiro chikuru chekutsvaga bilirubin muropa. Saka, zvakakosha kuongorora ropa. Bilirubin yakafanana (yakasarudzwa, yakakwirira kana inoderedzwa) ichabatsira kuziva zvirwere zvezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Iyi pigment, iyo iri chikamu cheB bile, inobviswa kubva mumuviri nayo.

Hasi mhando dzose dze jaundice dzinorwara, somuenzaniso, mumacheche anozvarwa chirevo che bilirubin chinoratidzirwa, asi izvi zvinongova mamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu, ayo achangopfuurira pachedu. Asi, kana pasina chakachinja mukati memazuva mashomanana, kuongororwa kunoitwa ropa kunoda kudiwa: bilirubin yakajairika. Norm kana kuwedzerwa kukosha - kuongorora uku kucharatidza. Nekuregererwa kusina kukwana, kurapwa kwakakurumidza kunokosha.

Rimwe laboratori ine zvido zvaro zvekuongorora dambudziko, izvi zvingave zvichibva kune imwe nzira yekuverengera zviratidzo zvinowanikwa. Mune zviitiko izvi, kududzirwa kwemigumisiro kunoitwa maererano nemitemo yakatarwa.