Zvikuru conductive simbi munyika

Kukosha nesimbi tsunga zvakananga dzavo zvemakemikari uye mumuviri zvivako. Kana nechiyero yakadaro, sezvo magetsi conductivity, ukama haisi kudaro zvakarurama. Most conductive simbi, kana chinoratidza akayera pa nzvimbo tembiricha (+20 ° C), - sirivha. Asi kudhura ichikutadzisa kushandiswa zvikamu esirivha zvemagetsi uye microelectronics. Silver zvinhu zvakadaro mano kushandisa chete pana upfumi kwokugamuchirwa.

Zvinoreva conductivity chaiko

Kushandiswa esimbi conductors ane nguva yakamira kare. Masayendisiti uye mainjiniya kushanda muminda zvesainzi, kushandisa Magetsi kwenguva refu kuti uone zvinhu nokuda waya, zviteshi, neshamwari, kudhindwa redunhu mapuranga , zvichingodaro. D. Ziva kwazvo conductive simbi munyika kunobatsira panyama kwazvo yainzi yemagetsi conductivity.

Concept musana conduction magetsi nemishonga. Quantitative mashoko conductivity chokuita nemishonga Unit, umo international gadziriro vezvikwata (SI) unotaurwa ohms. Unit yemagetsi conductivity ari SI - Siemens. Russian pakunzi chikwata ichi - Ona, dzakawanda - S. Electric conductivity 1 masendimita mugove ane yemagetsi rezvebonde ane nemishonga 1 ohms.

conductivity

It anoyera mano ane pfuma kuitisa Magetsi inonzi conductivity. Rokumusoro ari paakati ichi ane zvikuru conductive simbi. mamirire Izvi zvinogona kuzivikanwa kuti chero fuma kana svikiro instrumentally uye ane Numeric mashoko. Conductivity cylindrical kondakita chikwata urefu uye chikwata muchinjikwa-sectional nharaunda iri chokuita resistivity yacho kondakita.

System chikwata conductivity ndiye Siemens paminiti mita - S / m. Kutsvaka kuti ari nesimbi zvikuru conductive simbi munyika, zvakakwana kuti enzanisa conductivity yavo, tsunga experimentally. Mumwe anogona kuona resistivity achishandisa zano chairo - microohmmeter. maitiro ava Ivan Kuchin.

conductivity chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi

Nyaya yokudana mumwe remagetsi somunhu yakatungamirira aibuda mhosva nezvimedu seanotora rinopindirana zvinhu kwakavakirwa nekristaro lattices tinoberekwa simbi. Charge vatakuri kana magetsi ari nesimbi vakasununguka maerekitironi uye ions vasiri, sezvo zvinoitika mune mvura nhau. Rakavakwa experimentally kuti kana kuitika hariwaniki nesimbi particulate fuma kuchinjirwa pakati conductors.

Metallic zvinhu zvakasiyana nevamwe zvikuru vakasununguka zvisungo panguva mabhomba chechetere. Yomukati simbi mudziyo kunoratidzwa pamberi vakawanda "anosarudza" maerekitironi. iyo, kana pachena kuti kuchangotanga chimiro remagetsi mauto rinotungamirirwa chokubuda. Saka, hazvishamisi nesimbi vari nani conductors ari Magetsi, uye kuti samolecular mukukurukurirana akadaro anosiyana zvikuru conductive simbi. On zvaidiwa sekristaro yekamuri maumbirwo imwe simbi inobva chaizvo ehupfumi dzavo - kumusoro kupisa conductivity.

Top yakanakisisa conductors - simbi

4 simbi rine mazano ukoshi kushandiswa sezvo nemagetsi conductors anoparadzirwa munyika inotevera pachidanho kwakakura panyaya conductivity, akayera mu masendimita / m:

1. Silver - mamiriyoni 62,5.
2. Copper - mamiriyoni 59,5.
3. Gold - mamiriyoni 45,5.
4. Aluminum - 38 miriyoni.

Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti chinonyanya conductive simbi - sirivha. Asi kufanana goridhe, rinoshandiswa kusimbisa zvemagetsi rezvebonde bedzi chinokosha zviitiko chaizvo. Chikonzero - kwemitengo.

Asi mhangura uye aruminiyamu - ndicho chingaitwa zvemagetsi uye waya zvigadzirwa nokuda kwavo yakaderera nemishonga nemagetsi uye affordability. Nedzimwe simbi kushandiswa conductors isingawanzowanikwi.

Zvinhu kufurira conductivity chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi

Kunyange conductive simbi kunoderedza conductivity wayo kana pane dzimwe yokuvirisa varipo uye netsvina. Nemamwe pane "zvakachena" simbi zvakachinjikwa mamiriro alloys. Zvakasiyana zvaipesana symmetry, makatsemuka uye zvimwe zvikanganiso. The conductivity ipfupi uye kana ambient tembiricha inowedzerawo.

Inosimudzira nemishonga kuri mumashoko alloys rinoshandiswa kudziyisa zvinhu. Haasi masanga kuti zvaAtemisi yemagetsi anodawo zvinhu, nichrome Heaters anoshandiswa, fechral nezvimwe alloys.

Most conductive simbi - ichi sirivha anokosha yakareba inoshandiswa jewelers, coinage etc. Zvisinei, muna Nzira uye chishandiso yaro chaiyo zvemakemikari uye utano zvivako anoshandiswa nevakawanda ... Somuenzaniso, kunze kushandisa nodes uye aggregates vane yakaderera nemishonga sirivha unhani kunotadzisa boka kuonana kubva oxidation. The yakasiyana zvivako esirivha ayo alloys kazhinji kuti kurishandisa mhosva, pasinei kwemitengo.