Zera mvumo.

Zera mvumo - shoma zera munhu akaonekwa anokwanisa kubvuma kurara kuonana nomumwe munhu. Zviri rokuti mutemo mhosva, asi kashoma kushandiswa apamutemo panyaya dzepabonde basa. Hazvifaniri kuvhiringidzwa zera, zera mhosva basa, zera, iro kunwa, etc.

Zera vanhu vanogona bonde munyika dzakasiyana zvingava zvakasiyana. Portability nekuzvidavirira Act noruremekedzo kwazviri kusiyana. Kazhinji, akaisa avhareji zera pabonde mvumo - kubva 14 kusvika 18 makore. Tinewo funga mhando bonde ine munhu pasi-zera, vakadai nokuvhunika kuvimba sangano. Subject kusanyatsotsanangurwa chokuita nechisimba pabonde. Dzimwe nguva discounts dzinoitwa zvichienderana nemakore vanhu vane pabonde nemumwe (kana ivo vezera). Kazhinji, Chokwadi, pane "mavara chena" vazhinji munzvimbo iyi yomurayiro. Ichi chikwata pamutemo ndiye vaitirane nharo munyika. kubva yeMiddle Ages kusvikira nhasi, kunyange pane kusawirirana pakati yeUnited uye nemakanzuru mitemo.

Ndeupi kwese - mune zvinenge zvose dzepasi makore dzepabonde kubvumirana yakaramba basa remhuri kana zvikanzi maererano netsika dzenyika. Kazhinji, izvozvo rakaenderana kwaita zviratidzo kuyaruka (kumwedzi vari vasikana, pakuonekwa pubic bvudzi mune vakomana). MuRoma yekare, kwakasarudzwa vasikana kuroora pakarepo pashure pakuyaruka. In anonzi Hesiod mu "Mabasa uye Days" zvinonzi munhu anogona kuroora nemakore makumi matatu. The musikana anotora mudzimai, panofanira kuva vakuru zera kuti makore mashanu sezvo iye anouya kuyaruka.

pamutemo zera kubvumirana First hwakagadzwa muna 1275 muziviswe kuEngland sezvo chikamu mutemo pamusoro chibharo. Muzana remakore rechi12, Gratian, muvambi kuti chinyorwa mutemo muna Ages Europe, mu "Chirevo Gratian" rinorondedzerwa muchato zera pakati pemakore 12-14, yakavakirwa pakuyaruka. Mukupera kwezana remakore rechi16, mitemo vave kazhinji zvikuru. Chero kushungurudzwa uri musikana pasi makore 10 kungaguma kwazvo vemhosva miduku chirango akamirirwa chiso nokuda kurara nemusikana kwemakore 10-11.

Pedyo muzana remakore rechi18 paiva kuchinja chokuita veMubatanidzwa Kujekerwa mafungiro munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope, apo vanhu vari rinotarisa kukura vana vavo. Napoleonic Code kubva 1791 akateya pamutemo hwaro pamusoro nyaya iyi nokuzvisarudzira muchato zera nemakore 11. Asi muna 1863, makore kurara matenderana (nokuti vasikana nevakomana) yakawedzera kuti makore 13 ekuberekwa. Kufanana France, nyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope muzana remakore rechi19 nayo yavewo yakawedzera makore 13. MuEngland, kumborara musikana pasi makore 13 kwainzi mhosva yakaipisisa.

Munyika yanhasi, munyika dzakawanda pabonde nemunhu asina kusvika kukodzera zera anofanira kunzi imhosva. Zvisinei, mubvunzo wokuti kana chokwadi ichi kunouya makore mvumo (Russia akaisimbisa makore 16), zvakasiyana nevatongi munyika dzakasiyana.