"Zadonshchina": mugore yokusika. Russian mabhuku Ancient of XIV - XV emakore

Chinangwa ino - kupa ruzivo pamusoro Zvivako zvikuru kwakadaro mabhuku Old Russian, se "Zadonshchina". Gore zvakasikwa, munyori, compositional uye unyanzvi zvinhu - zvose mibvunzo iyi, tichakurukura newe uye.

nhoroondo ezvinhu

Muna 1380, chiitiko akaita basa rinokosha muupenyu kwete chete Russia asi yose. Izvi zvinoreva kuhondo Kulikovo, apo Tatars vakakurirwa. chiitiko ichi zvachose kupedza runyerekupe pamusoro invincibility romuvengi, uye Russia Polar tariro yokununurwa pajoko kwemakore akawanda. Rinotaurawo sehofisi precondition kuti kubatanidzwa hugota kunhivi pakati Moscow, izvo chakaratidza kutanga yemberi mamiriro. Saka hazvishamisi sei kukunda mukuru saka kazhinji kuziviswa munyika mabhuku Zvivako dzekare. Vanotsvakurudza vanoti Kulikovskiy kutenderera, izvo zvinosanganisira chigadzirwa kufarira kwatiri.

"Zadonshchina": mugore pakagadzwa, vakawanda mashoko

Rinobwinya Monument mabhuku, zvikuru unyanzvi chisikwa ... The chisingarambiki hwokuti nderechokwadi "Mashoko ..." - vose maitiro aya anoshanda muchiuto nyaya vanoda "Zadonshchina". Ndiani akanyora izvozvo - a moot pfungwa, uye angangotadza kugadziriswa. Pane mazano kuti munyori akanga Sofony Ryazantsev. Zita iri rinoti rugwaro "Zadonshchina" uye mamwe mabasa - "Tales pamusoro Mamay". Other mashoko Ryazantsev mabhuku vatsoropodzi havana. Asi kutaurwa zita raro rinoratidza kuti Sofony akasika zvimwe kwete hwakawanda huripo mabhuku Monument. It aitungamirirwa uye vasingazivikanwi munyori, kunyorwa yakauya "Zadonshchina". Gore pakusikwa rechiuto havana chokwadi nyaya (izvo hazvishamisi kuti mabhuku Old Russian). Rinoratidza ichi: chigadzirwa vanoshandiswa achipindura zviitiko, uye nokudaro, pakusikwa "Zadonshchina" weveta mutsetse 80-90-ies yacho XIV remakore.

Story nechipiriso nhanhatu mazita. Tanga, hwakawanda huripo, nyanzvi wafambidzana 1470 milla makore. mamwe zita rayo - ndandanda Euphrosyne. Musiyano rinomiririra rutapudzo zvimwe kutanga dzakareba rwezuva uye saka ine vakawanda zvikanganiso, kururama, dzakasiyiwa. Zviya, chete Euphrasinia nyora akashandisa zita "Zadonshchina". Year Chigaro kupfuura akazotevera shanduro nyaya zvakare haana akagadzawo (pamusoro XVII remakore), uye pane chigadzirwa akanzi se "The zvakaedza ... Prince Dmitry Ivanovich". Izvi zvinoshandawo dzimwe dzakasiyana ose mabhuku Monument. Ivowo chakaremara, asi kubvumira mabhuku Vatsoropodzi kuti vakiridza epakutanga.

Murwiyo uye zano

Kukudzwa mukukunda mauto eRussia pamusoro muvengi - rangano pepa rine "Zadonshchina". Munyori Saka nokungwaririra anoisa kufanana ne "Shoko ...", asi panotaurwa kuti shongwe huru zvinotsanangurwa kwete Vachitevedzera bofu uye juxtaposition nemaune kare uye chipo (uye kwete nyasha chechipiri). Kutaurwa "Mashoko ..." rinojekesa kuti chete zvinopesana machinda kwakaita kuti njodzi pasi Russian. Asi rakanga kare, ikozvino akunda kukunda nechisimba. Roll ne "Shoko ..." pana pachiyero munhu nzira (kuchinjirwa nechinguvana iri narrator kubva kune imwe nzvimbo vachienda kune imwe), uye zano zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, Dmitry Donskoy nenzira mushana pamberi hondo - saka anotaura "Zadonshchina". Munyori "Mashoko ..." (sezvineiwo, uyewo nezita) rinotaura nokuora kwezuva somunhu semhanza yakaipa.

Zvakaedza ine zvikamu zviviri. Pashure sumo, hwaishandiswa munyori achitungidza muverengi chaiwo, mutambo mwoyo, uye anomuudza zvinangwa wechokwadi vakadzinganiswa pakusikwa "Zadonshchina". Musumo anosimbisawo netariro nyaya, anoti Moscow - sezvo mamiriro muzinda ehurumende - kunongova kuenderera Kiev, etc. Chikamu basa rokutanga - ". Tsitsi" .. A The narrator hunorondedzera kukundwa revarwi Russian, achichema vakafa vamachinda uye Boyarynya. Zvisinei, hunhu kunoratidza: asi "bhowa" achakundwa. Naizvozvo zvakaitika "rumbidzo" kana muvengi akatora zvitsitsinho zvavo, uye rusichi atora akapfuma zvakatorwa nechisimba.

unyanzvi zvinhu

Poetics "Zadonshchina" inotorerwa pakutsvaga zvakafanana dzaro "Shoko ...". Muverengi anotarisana chete anthropomorphic mifananidzo, epithets kuti zvakajeka folkloric mavambo. Panguva iyo pane mufananidzo huru dzechitendero kukosha uye anotaura muchihedheni uye vasiri aripo. nyaya iyi akasiyana chaizvo kubva praetexta. Basa "Zadonshchina" zvikuru heterogeneous mumagadzirirwo. Saka, pamwe chete enhetembo magwaro ndiwo zvimedu akafanana chaizvo bhizimisi prose. Zvinofanira kuoneka maererano nenguva akadzama, tikanyatsoteerera musoro Prince.

"Zadonshchina" uye "Shoko ..."

Sezvo kwave akati, "Zadonshchina" zvinokosha chokuti unoratidza nderechokwadi "Shoko." The yokupedzisira ari akabvunza kwete chete nokuda pamberi pakarepo kuwanikwa shongwe Musin-Pushkin muna 1795 "Shoko ..." Hapana nokusingaperi akaona pameso enyu, asiwo nokuda kunoshamisa zvinoyevedza kukosha nhetembo. Izvi zvakamutsa pfungwa nokuchengetedza (uye neizvi). Magwaro wake "Transdoniad" kwaiva hwogumisa nenharo, asi ... zvave kuti "Shoko ..." hwakasikwa vachitevera muenzaniso yekuita tevera Monument. Eya, mubvunzo kwakabva vaviri mabasa kunyora yekare uye haana kunyatsopedzerana.