WTO - chii? WTO sangano: zvinhu munyika, nhengo

Mumwe nomumwe wedu nguva kunzwa mune nhau pamusoro WTO. Nokuti mashoko nezvesangano ichi inogona kuwanikwa mabhuku jogirafi uye dzezvoupfumi. basa Its rinokosha chaizvo kuti nyika dzokuEurope, asi vanhu vedu vazive nezvazvo zvishoma. Recently kwazvo kushingaira kukurukura nyaya dzakadai sokuti "Russia uye WTO." Uye pekufa kufarirwa, ngatiedzei kunzwisisa ichi zvakaoma zveupfumi uye dzezvematongerwo enyika.

Mamiriro uye sangano

Nokudaro, WTO - chii? The chidimbu inomira se "World Trade Organisation". It rakaumbwa muna 1995 kuwedzera rusununguko wezvokutengeserana munyika yose, uyewo pakati rinoti, kuti abatane WTO. In hwaro General Agreement musi tariffs, uye Trade, makasimbiswa muna 1947.

dzimbahwe rayo riri mu Switzerland (Geneva). Panguva iyoyo, mukuru mukuru chidziro chisingazununguki Pascal Lamy, uye ane nhengo kunyika 159 pakati 2013. The Director-General pasi kuna General Council kana Secretariat, izvo zvinozoita anotungamirira makomisheni akawanda.

Vashumiri Conference - WTO mukuru muviri. It anosangana kanenge kamwe pamakore maviri. Nhoroondo maumbirwo Misangano nhanhatu akadaro dzakatangwa, uye akapotsa nomumwe wavo pamwe anoverengeka okutsutsumwa pamusoro chikamu vavengi kwenyika dzepasi pose. Tinofunga hatina vakapindura mubvunzo: "? WTO, chii". Zvino ngatikurukurei zvinangwa zvesangano.

Huru zvitarisirwa matatu

1. anotsvedzerera kufambisa nyika dzakawanda wezvokutengeserana uye kubviswa zvipingamupinyi kwairi. WTO Sangano havabvumiri pane ichi Migumisiro, uye siyana inotambudza. Nokuti munhu Entrepreneurs, mabhizimisi uye masangano departmental dzemarudzi dzaishandiswa mitemo handishanduki pasina chiziviso. Zvazvinoreva akajeka uye unonzwisisika, uye kushandiswa - dzose.

2. Sezvo kusaina esungano magwaro zvaisanganisira zvizhinji munyika, nharo dziri kuramba yomuka pakati pavo. WTO anoita se murevereri mu kwakadzama nokusuma vanoverengeka pamutemo kurambidzwa uye nokusika kuvimbika, izvo zvinotibatsira kudzivisa kurwisana.

3. Chechitatu chinokosha sangano - mumusha macho munyaya. Uyewo, tambokurukura mapato kazhinji vane zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Zvibvumirano uye zvibvumirano vakagumisa pamwe Mediation of WTO, kazhinji zvakakodzera tevera dudziro. All disputable nyaya nani riri sangano isingachinji kurongeka kwakavakirwa wezvikamu akabvuma pamutemo zvinhu kuunza vemapato mikana yakaenzana uye kodzero. Ndokusaka ose zvibvumirano wakasainwa mukati yechinangwa sangano zvinosanganisira chinhu pamusoro zvemupiro kugarwa munyaya.

The Misimboti shanu

Pari zvino pane vashanu nhungamiro inofanira dzinoenderana nenyika wokutengesera hurongwa.

1. Non-rusaruro

No mamiriro anekodzero kanganisa pamusoro mumwe nokuisa rairambidzwa imupota uye aina nenhumbi. Zvakanakisa, National uye dzimwe zvigadzirwa zvinofanira kutengeswa pazuva wechipfuwo pamusika pasi chete ezvinhu.

2. rutapudzo kuti protectionism (wezvokutengeserana) ematongerwo

Trade zvipingamupinyi - Ndivo zvinhu kuti kudzivisa kwaita dzimwe nhumbi mudzimai kumusika chero mamiriro. Chokutanga, havana vanosanganisira imupota quotas uye tsika mabasa. Uyewo panguva dzakawanda kutengeserana kunokanganisa mutemo nokuvumba Exchange uye administrative zvipingamupinyi.

3. predictability uye kutsiga ezvokutengeserana ezvinhu

Hurumende, vanoita uye omunyika vanofanira kuva nechivimbo kusashanduka kutengesa zvinhu (mutero uye asiri mutero Miganhu) kamwe uye zvemasanga netsika.

4. kweiyi kwikwidzana zvinoriumba

To makwikwi pakati yemakambani kubva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana aiva kudiwa yakaenzana kudzivisa kusaruramisira nzira hondo - ekisipoti dzinopiwa (hurumende rutsigiro kwekurasira yemakambani) uye kushandisa marara (kunyanya undervalued) mutengo kupinda misika itsva ekisipoti.

5. Vachabatsirwa munyika yakaderera kwevari budiriro

Sezvo kutonga, WTO nyika vane upfumi simba, asi pane dzimwe nyika underdeveloped, iyo sangano rinopa ropafadzo dzinokosha. Pfungwa izvi hazvipindirani nevamwe, asi zvinokosha kuti vaswedere mune dzakawanda basa munyika ine pasi azvipire kukura.

mabasa

• vachiongorora zvaidiwa of WTO zvinokosha urongwa;
• kugarwa munyaya pamusoro nezvinetso vatorwa dzaishandiswa;
• kubatsira vose kusimukira uye pasi dzakabudirira;
• pamwe siyana nemasangano dzakawanda;
• kusikwa mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka nokuda kwakadzama pakati WTO nhengo;
• vachiongorora yenyika mitemo pasango dzakawanda dzaishandiswa.

Nzira kuti achabatanidza

We kunova akazarura mubvunzo kuti "WTO - chii?". Zvazvinosarira nokuongorora chinonyanya kukosha kwayo - mukova nzira, ari kutambisa makore ariko musangano. Achitonga nezvakaitika wacho nyika, muitiro zvinotora makore anenge 5-7.

Muzana rokutanga pachikuva, kushanda chinokosha mapoka ichiitwa misoro Kuongororwa wezvokutengeserana uye utongi enyika uye zvoupfumi mashandiro ari acceding State kuti zvaidiwa mitemo nemirau yacho WTO. Zvadaro chitanga kunyengetedzana mashoko kupinda sangano munhu mumiriri nyika. Uye vanogona kubatanidzwa uye aifarira nhengo inoti ari kushanda mumapoka.

The chikuru nyaya hurukuro - zvichemo "kutengeswa kukosha" kuti WTO ari kuwana misika yacho pashure chepamutemo accession kukwikwidza neHurumende sangano. No zvisinganyanyi kukosha kukurukura nyaya - nguva kuita nokubatira kunobva nhengo.

Uyewo, bato mamiriro achawana kodzero, vari dzimwe nhengo WTO. It richaguma rusaruro kwayo mumisika dzavatorwa. Kana nhengo sangano nokuita mabasa zvisiri pamutemo, chero nyika anogona kukwidza chichemo pamwe OPC (Dispute Settlement Body). Panguva senyika, zvinonzi vanosungirwa tongai, neimwe nhengo WTO.

The chokupedzisira nhano ndiyo ratification pedyo Paramende of State of anoda kubhabhatidzwa vose magwaro vakabvumirana pamusoro pedyo Working Group uye mvumo General Council. Pashure nzira iyi, mumiriri nyika anogamuchira zvakakodzera munzanga.

Russia uye WTO

Sezvo upfumi wenyika yedu (kubvira pokuwa USSR), zvikuru revatema munzvimbo dzakawanda dzaishandiswa vakatanga kubuda kudiwa anongoerekana renyika. First kupinda WTO chakakurukurwa nokuda Russian utungamiriri ari kare 1995, ukuwo Nhaurirano yaiitwa. Country kwakaita accession nesangano ichapa yakawanda zvinobatsira. Uye akapiwa kumhanya kukura kudyidzana, kugadzirira kwavo kuri kuva zvine urongwa pokutanga. Bonuses kuti achawana Russia pashure accession kuna WTO:

• yakanakisisa ezvinhu kuti mapindiro mishonga yedu kumusika nyika;
• kuwedzera mikana yokuti makambani Russian panyaya kuwana misika dzimwe nyika dzesangano nhengo;
• kuvandudzwa mufananidzo munyika mune zvematongerwo enyika dzakawanda munhandare;
• kukwanisa kushandisa WTO pamutemo panobva kugarwa wezvokutengeserana kusawirirana;
• chinhano kukura mitemo uye zvaanoda dzakawanda dzaishandiswa mune maonero avo pachavo.

Muna 2012 yapera makore 16 kwakadzama pamusoro accession Russia kusvikira WTO. Dare Court rakatumirwa kuna chibvumirano dzakawanda kuitira kuti dzipupurire pokuita dzaro mutemo Russian. Muna July 2012 dare Vakawana pakanyorwa kupinda chibvumirano ezvinhu WTO mutemo, kufanana dzose chibvumirano yose. Pashure pemazuva 11 President VV Putin dzakasaina chirevo pamusoro accession reRussia kuti sangano.

tsoropodzo

Tinovimba takataura zvakadzama pamusoro sangano, uye iwe hauchafambi une mubvunzo: "WTO - chii?". In mhedziso, mashoko mashoma kutsoropodzwa.

Vanhu Vakawanda vasingabvumirani WTO nenheyo vakasununguka kutengeserana. Vanodavira kuti nheyo idzi regai kupa yakabudirira zvikuru upenyu vanhu vakawanda, asi chete kutungamirira kuti vapfume marudzi kare akapfuma (uye vanhu). Uyewo, WTO zvibvumirano vari kupomerwa kunaka kukoshesa vapfumi nyika uye nemakambani.

Vatsoropodzi vanodavira kuti vaduku WTO nhengo nyika vasina simba vari sangano, uye vakava - dzinonyanya kutaura pachavo pfuma. Uyewo, maererano nenyanzvi, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye utano nguva dzose dziri padivi vachifarira mamwe zvinobatsira bhizimisi.