Vangani vatambi mumutauro Chinese? The nhamba dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu

Chinese ndiye mumwe wemitauro mukuru zvakanyorwa munyika. Nhoroondo yaro odzokera zvinenge 3 zviuru. Years. akawanikwa ari kamba goko nguva mashoko pamusoro payo Shang youmambo (1766-1123 BC. E.).

Nhoroondo Chinese kunyora

Chinese girama mudiki ari Sumerian kana muEgipita, asi hapana uchapupu hwokuti nokugadzirwa ainyora China akanga chero nzira dzinovhurika manyorero kuMiddle East. The tanga mienzaniso Chinese vatambi vari fortunetelling magwaro pamapfupa uye anoshongwa. Zvinosanganisira mubvunzo nomuoni uye mhinduro. Izvi kunyora mangwanani inoratidza kuti mumazuva ayo kukura mangwanani, yakanga yakavakirwa pictograms. Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "mhou" anofananidzirwa musoro mhuka, uye "enda" - mufananidzo rutsoka.

Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva, Chinese kunyora chakachinja kakawanda, uye kare panguva iri Han youmambo (206 BC -.... 220 AD), izvozvo arashikirwa yakawanda yayo descriptiveness. Modern vatambi dzakaumbwa pamusoro III uye IV emakore n. e. Zvinoshamisa, asi pashure kuti akapotsa haana kuchinja. Kuwedzera mureza siyana, pane ane zvinyorwa shoma. The inonyanya tsaoshu uye Xingsheng. Chokutanga mhando kwakaoma chaizvo kuverenga vanhu vasina dzidzo chaiyo. Xingsheng rudzi nekuyanana pakati kumhanya uye tsaoshu mureza manyorero. chimiro iyi zvinowanzoshandiswa China ano.

vangani vatambi mumutauro Chinese?

Kumiririra mumwe morpheme duramazwi, Chinese kushandisa chete nevamwe hunhu. Ruzhinji vatambi vari shanduro anotaurwa ruzha zvine zvazvinoreva zvakanyorwa. Kunyange zvazvo rugwaro ezvinhu dzaisiyana pamusoro nguva nokuda nokumukirana uye kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika, ayo misimboti, pamwe vatambi kuramba zvikuru zvakafanana.

Saka vangani vatambi mumutauro Chinese? Kunyange zvazvo nhamba yavo zvinofungidzirwa mu makumi ezviuru (semuenzaniso, duramazwi "Zhonghua tszyhay" rine vanopfuura zviuru. Logograms 85), vakawanda vavo vakawana chete munhoroondo mumagwaro vari kujeka kana zviperengo zvakafanana neshoko. kazhinji duramazwi Large rine 40 zviuru. Zviratidzo uye verenga mapepanhau zvakakwana kuziva 2-3 zviuru. Symbols.

Saka, mhinduro kumubvunzo vatambi vangani mumutauro Chinese, zvichienderana zvavaitenda. Kana ukashandisa nzira rinoshandiswa muna China, nhamba yavo angangokuvadza haaperi, uyewo nhamba zvichibvira zviperengo bzgranichno, inotsiva uye typographical zvikanganiso.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti pane vazhinji Chinese tumitauro, mutauro zvakanyorwa vanowanzochema yokukurukurirana. Kunyange kana vanhu havanzwisisi kuti vagari dzimwe enyika, vanokwanisa "kutaura" ne penzura nebepa. Chinese kunyora unogona kukamurwa kuva marudzi matatu: Simplified, Traditional uye Phonetic. Uyezve, panewo chimiro inonzi "Pinin", rinomirira transcription tsamba Latin wokuChina.

Chinese Alphabet

Chinese kunyora hurongwa haana arufabheti zvinosanganisira zviratidzo kuti kupararira inzwi zviyero, kana phonemes. Asi, inoitwa chine zviratidzo kana Logos, ndiyo zviumbu zvarinoreva kana morpheme (kureva. E. Shoko). Sezvo neimwe mutauro, mune Chinese pane zviuru mashoko. Naizvozvo, ichi kunyora hurongwa zvinoda zviuru zviratidzo kumiririra mumwe nomumwe wavo yakasiyana morpheme.

Paainyorera vatambi siyana uchishandisa "arufabheti" mutauro Chinese, zvinosanganisira 12 dzinokosha kwakajeka okunze. Vamwe vanotaurwa ane mumwe chete kana miviri mitsetse, apo vamwe zvingava kusvika 84. Kunyange zvazvo nemaburi Chinese vatambi haina inopiwa, kubva kumugumo XIX remakore kunyora hurongwa akanga vaisanganisa nezvimwe zvinokosha nyora mavanga. Somuenzaniso, negomba yeChina unotara kuguma zvirevo, sezvinoita koma, Kudanidzira uye mubvunzo mavanga.

Chinese mashoko, vatambi pakutanga anofananidzwa vanhu, mhuka, kana zvinhu, asi pamusoro emakore hwakawedzera stylized uye handichisiri noWokumusorosoro zvavanenge kumiririra. Kunyange zvazvo zviripo kumativi 56 zviuru, ruzhinji wavo asingazivikanwi hwokufananidzira muverengi -. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kuverenga chete 3,000 wavo. Zvichida mufananidzo uyu tendeka chete kupindura mubvunzo, vangani Chinese vatambi.

Yokudzidza logograms

The dambudziko kudzidzisa zviuru vatambi muna 1956 kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti dzinyore Chinese kutaurwa yave nyore. Somugumisiro, vanenge 2,000 logograms kuva nyore kuverenga uye kunyora. Vanewo kudzidziswa Mandarin Chinese makirasi kunze. zviratidzo ava nyore, i.e. zvishoma vari hwakajeka zvinhu pane kwakajairika.

Yokudzidza vatambi dzava nemazana emakore, asi vakanga pamutemo zvaisanganisira ari manyorero chete pashure kuvambwa prc they muna 1950, kuwedzera kuverenga vemo. Yokudzidza logograms anoshandisa yakakurumbira daily pepanhau "Daily People kuti", vari kushandiswa mune Subtitles uye mavhidhiyo nhau. Zvisinei, vanhu vari zvakanaka zvakanyorwa, irege kuziva chinyakare shanduro.

ino ndiyo chiero mu China (kunze Hong Kong) uye Singapore, uye Traditional Chinese kuramba mitemo Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macau, Malaysia, Korea, Japan nedzimwe nyika.

phonetic kunyora

Kutaura Cantonese akasika kwavo hurongwa phonetic zviratidzo pachake. zviratidzo izvi zvinoshandiswa Kuwedzera zvetsika Chinese vatambi Somuenzaniso, muna enyaya kana varaidzo zvikamu mumapepanhau nemagazini. Kazhinji vanhu ava havagoni kuwanikwa muduramanzwi. Informal logograms inoshandiswa nokupfuuridzirwa Cantonese.

Pinyin

Mukuedza kuti Chinese mutauro zvikuru zvinzwisiswe Western China akakurukura "pinyin" hurongwa. Kuti uchatamisa mashoko inoshandisa muchiLatin arufabheti. Muna 1977, Chinese zviremera vakaita chikumbiro pamutemo kuUnited Nations mazita nenzvimbo nenzvimbo China vachishandisa pinyin hurongwa. Pinyin rinoshandiswa nevaya vari Kunyatsoziva muchiLatin arufabheti uye kudzidza kutaura Chinese.