"Vakatukwa Days" Bunin: pfupiso nechitsauko

Kuverenga "Vakatukwa Days" (Bunin, pfupiso kunotevera pazasi), nokusaziva ndinoerekana uchifunga kuti muRussia kutsiva mumwe "mazuva akatukwa" uya zvisingaperi itsva, kwete zvishoma "mhosva" ... Nechekunze, vanoita kuti akasiyana, asi avo chaizvoizvo masaridzwa chete - kuparadzwa, nyangadzi yokuparadza, kushungurudzwa, kutsoropodza uye kusingaperi histrionics kuti regai kumuuraya, pashure porufu - haasi yakaipisisa zvinozoitika iyi, uye achaita chirema mweya, achishandura upenyu mune kunonoka rufu pasina tsika, pasina manzwiro zvikuru maturo imwe chete. Scary, kana zvinofungirwa kuti chinhu chakafanana zvinoitika mweya mumwe murume. Uye kana iwe kufungidzira kuti "utachiona" Anowanza uye Anopararira, yekutapurira mamiriyoni mweya, kwemakumi emakore kuparadza rudzi rwose zvose zvakanakisisa uye inokosha? Zvakaipisisa.

Moscow, 1918

Kutanga kubva January 1918 kusvika January 1920, munyori mukuru Russia Bunin Ivan Alekseevich ( "Mazuva ngaatukwe") yakanyorwa muchimiro dhayari - mhenyu Zviwanikwa panguva - zvose zvakanga zvichiitika pamberi ake maziso post-echimurenga Russia, zvose zvinhu akanzwa kunetseka kuti vakatambura uye chii navamwe mazuva ake haana kuparadzaniswa - incredible marwadzo nokuda nyika yavo.

Nhoroondo kwokutanga unoitwa wokutanga muna January 1918. Mumwe "damn" gore shure, asi hapana mufaro, nokuti hazvibviri kuti kufungidzira kuti Russia iri kumirira zvimwe. Netariro haachipo, uye kunyange malomalski tariro ipi kuti kudzoka 'kuramba muitiro "kana nani kuchinja utsotso nani nomumwe zuva idzva. Nemumwe polotorami munyori anotora munhu "rakamonana", kuti nhasi chete Mwari anoziva zvose pamusoro pedu achava ... Mushure ose majeri, vairwara zvipatara vakasunungurwa matsotsi uye lunatics kuti anongozvarwa mhuka dzavo vakaona munhuwi ropa, magumo simba uye pasina kubatwa. "Ini akabvisa Mambo", akawira choumambo, uye zvino mhanya neboka guru vanhu, uye zvapararira muna yakakura expanses yeRussia: muna Simferopol, akati masoja uye vashandi vairangwa wavaiona, "chete mumabvi muropa zvinofambidzana." Uye kupfuura zvose - varipo chete zana nezviuru, asi mamiriyoni evanhu, uye handigoni kuita chinhu ...

kusasarura

Tinoramba pfupiso ( "Vakatukwa Days" Bunin IA). Havasi vanhu vose muna Russia uye muEurope akapomera munyori subjectivity mune zvaakatonga pamusoro zviitiko, vachiti chete nguva kunogona kuva asingasaruri uye chinangwa kuongororwa uku yeRussian Revolution. Kurwisa zvose izvi Bunin akapindura zvinonyatsoteerera - kusasarura iri zvakananga pfungwa shoko kwete, uye haazombodaro, uye ake "kutsvetera" kuburikidza kutambura kwavari pamakore iwayo anotyisa, ndiwo zvikuru kuti hapana kusasarura.

Ane ose rworudyi uye ruvengo, uye neshungu, uye hasha uye mhosva. Zviri nyore kuti "kushivirira" kana vachiona mamiriro ezvinhu kubva kure pakona, uye munoziva kuti hapana uye hapana anogona kuparadza iwe kana, kuipa, nokuparadza chiremera chako, kuremadza mweya vasamuziva ... Uye kana ukaona pakati zvikuru nezviitiko kana iwe kusiya imba uye handizivi, dzoka vapenyu ikoko kana adzingwa furati yake, kana nzara kana akapiwa "nokuda Ounces ose bhisikiti", "pozhuesh navo - kunhuwa infernal mweya anopisa" apo vakawanda saregerereka kutambura mumuviri hapana tichienzanisa chepfungwa Iu aniyami uye tisanzwa, rainetesa, zvinotoda zvose pasina zvikasawanirwa kurwadziwa kubva pakuti "vana vedu uye vazukuru havazokwanisi vafungidzire kuti nyika, umambo, Russia, apo isu vaimbova (kureva nezuro) kurarama, isu hatidaro vaikoshesa, kwete kunzwisisa - simba iri zvose, kunzwisisa, wakapfuma, mufaro ... ", ne" chido "haagoni kuva, uye zvinova saka chiyero zvakanaka nezvakaipa kwechokwadi.

Kunzwa uye manzwiro

Hongu, "Mazuva ngaatukwe" Bunin ari Summary uyewo vakazadzwa dongo, mwoyo uye kusashivirira. Asi panguva imwe runowanikwa ari rondedzero vanhu makore iwayo, zviitiko nezvavakambosangana munyika ezvinhu rima pendi anogona uye anofanira kutorwa kwete "kubvisa" chiratidzo, uye chiratidzo "ndinoiitawo". Black-uye-chena mufananidzo, isina inobwinya, zvine mavara, mupfungwa uye panguva imwecheteyo dzakadzama uye wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose. Black ingi kuvavenga Russian Revolution uye Bolsheviks pamusoro chena akanyorova chando, "wakanamira navo schoolgirls kuenda - runako uye mufaro" - ndiwo musiyano inorwadza akanaka, vose achitumira uye kusemburwa, uye kutya, uye chipo, pamwe hapana kwakafanana rudo nokuda Yababa uye kudavira kuti pakupedzisira kuti "murume mutsvene", "muvaki, mukuru simba" richavakunda zvikuru "ruffian" uye "muparadzi" iri mweya vanhu Russian.

vomunguva

Bhuku "Mazuva ngaatukwe" (Bunin Ivan) izere, uye kunyange azere, Mitsara nemunyori pamusoro vaairarama: Blok, Gorky, Himmer, Sukhanov, Mayakovsky, Bryusov, Tikhonov ... Kutonga, zvikurukuru mutsa, anopedza. vakasagona IA Bunin vanonzwisisa, kubvuma uye varegererei "prihlebatelstvo" pamberi zviremera zvitsva. Chii chingava nyaya pakati ane, murume akangwara akatendeseka uye Bolsheviks?

Ndezvipi hukama pakati Bolsheviks yose boka - Tikhonov, Gorky, Himmer, Sukhanov? Kudivi rimwe, vari "kutambura" navo, pachena akavati "boka adventurers," uyo nokuda kwesimba, achiita zvokutsvinya akavanda seri "zvinodiwa Russian proletariat" pokutengesa Motherland uye "unhu kuti shama choumambo Romanovs." Nokuno rumwe? Nokuno rumwe - vapenyu "kumba" iri vokuSoviet requisitioned "National Hotel" pamadziro Portraits pakati Lenin uye Trotsky, uye pazasi - kudzivirirwa varwi uye rakapa inopfuura Bolshevik "commandant."

Bryusov, Blok, Mayakovsky, akabatana pachena Bolsheviks, uye akaita maererano munyori, vanhu vari mapenzi. Pamwe chete kushingaira kwavo touted sezvo autocracy uye Bolshevism. Zvinobikwa ravo "rakanaka-dzakanaka", zviri "mabhuku fenzi." Asi chinonyanya mwoyo ndechokuti "fenzi" kuti anova ropa chinyiko mabhuku zvose Russian anenge kuti kudzivirirwa kana kwete mose Russia zvokutamburira. Anokangaidza mumwe - vachazombokwanisa zvinogoneka kubva pasi fenzi kubuda? Last, Mayakovsky haagoni vazvibate, nguva dzose tinofanira 'woisa "sokunge" rusununguko unhu "uye" stoerosovaya directness rokutongwa "hunokosha" anoti "kuti tarenda.

Lenin

Tinoramba pfupiso - "Vakatukwa Days" Bunin Ivan Alekseevich. ruvengo Special ari chigadzirwa iri akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya mufananidzo Lenin. Munyori haritauri skimp pamusoro zvikuru kunaka epithets pamusoro "Bolshevik mutungamiri" - "kunyora nezvavo", "with", "O, chii chikara" ... kwete kungotaura, uye mapepa akanga anamira vakakomba guta iro Lenin uye Trotsky - zvatinosiita " vana veupombwe ", vatengesi, bribed nokuda vokuGermany. Asi Bunin kunyanya kutenda makuhwa aya. Anoona mavari "vanonyanyisa", sevatsvene kutenda "pomoto nyika", asi zviri zvikuru kuipa, nekuti musoro - pane manyemwe, Kunyanya, erases miganhu inonzwisisika uye kwokupfeka yakatanhamara chete chinhu achikudza ake, uye, naizvozvo, kutyisa, uye kuparadzwa kusiko zvose vaipikisa. The mutengesi Judhasi dzaserera pashure mekugamuchira "anosiyaniswa masirivha makumi matatu," uye mupengo anoenda pakuguma. Uchapupu ichi chakanga zvakakwana: Russia akaramba achitsungirira "yaikurudzira dambudziko," haana kumira chinovhundusa, hondo yevagari vemo, ropa uye chisimba ari kutambirwa nokuti vaiona chete nzira zvinobvira yekuwana "chinangwa chikuru". Lenin pachake akatya zvose, "somoto", kwese "vaifungidzira conspiracies", "Kushamiswa" simba ravo uye upenyu, nekuti hazvina kutarisira, uye vachigere chaizvo kutenda kukunda muna October.

The Russian chimurenga

"Vakatukwa Days" Bunin - chigadzirwa kuongorora hazvirevi kuguma pano. Vazhinji afungisisa anoti munyori uye musimboti wokuRussia chimurenga, iyo zvakabatana chaizvo nomweya uye hunhu vanhu Russian, "nokuti Mwari wechokwadi uye Dhiyabhorosi nguva chakatsiva muRussia." Kune rumwe rutivi kubva kare zvenyika kubwinya Russian "razboynichkami" siyana "poshiba" - ". Unobatanidza pematanda, Murom, Saratov, yarygi, vamhanyi, vapanduki vose uye sundry, ivo sowers dzose mubiki, Nhema venhema tariro" Rumwe - uye aiva "murume mutsvene" uye Murimi, uye anoshanda nesimba, uye muvaki. Kuti aiva "hondo kuramba" pamwe freaks uye vaparadzi, tinowana kunamata zvinoshamisa "Mubiki ose, kumukira, ropa zvirwere uye dzisina musoro" kuti zvisingatarisirwi kwaenzaniswa "nyasha huru, utsva uye mavambo remangwana siyana."

Russian orgy

Izvo Kwaibva nemaune maturo zvakadai? Kuvakira basa Kostomarov, Solovyev pamusoro Nguva Troubles, vachifunga F. M. Dostoevskogo, IA Bunin anoona kwakatangira zvose zvemarudzi matambudziko, kuzengurira uye kuzununguka Russia murima romudzimu, vechidiki Kusagutsikana uye kusaenzana vanhu Russian. Russia - randinenge nyika ruffian.

Pano kare Russian "zvivi" chimbichimbi "dzokororo". Pashure pezvose, zvakanga uye Stenka Razin uye Pugachev, uye Kazi-Gora ... The vanhu, sezvo vauye nyota kururamisira, zvinoshamisa kuchinja, rusununguko, kuenzana, mhanyisa zvibereko zvakanaka, uye vazhinji havanzwisisi chaizvo, akasimuka akaenda pasi pomureza chaizvo vatungamiriri, lzhetsarey, venhema uye chinzvimbo. Vanhu vaiva, sezvinoita mutemo, zvikuru siyana, asi pakupedzisira upi "Russian bacchanalia" chakaita kuti vakawanda anotiza mbavha, simbe, the scum uye ainetsa. Hazvina kukosha uye refu kukanganwa chinangwa - kuparadza mujinga yekare uye panzvimbo yayo kumisa itsva. Asi, pfungwa zvinodzimwa uye masirogani vacharamba kusvikira pakuguma - zvakakosha zvimwe kupembedza mhirizhonga uye rima. Akabvumira apedzise zvaibiwa kwakaenderera zvizere kuenzanirana rusununguko izere kubva mutemo zvose, vanhu uye chitendero. Kune rumwe rutivi vanhu vari kudhakwa newaini uye neropa, asi pane dzimwe - Vanogwadama pamberi "makonya" nokuti kuchangotanga kusateerera munhu aigona kurangwa norufu istyazatelnoy. "Orgy Russian" runopfuura iri pamwero zvose pamberi zvakaitwa. Scale, "zvoupenzi" uye chinokosha, ungaenzaniswa ne chinhu bofu, ndakafanana "utsinye" kana "iri rakanaka nemaoko bindira, kubva zvakaipa - vari abudiswa pamusoro zvakaipa zvose" - Ndivo chikuru zvaiva Russian chimurenga. Uye kamwe zvakare yakabuda mune guru mari ...

Odessa, 1919

IA Bunin, "Mazuva ngaatukwe" - muchidimbu zvitsauko asingadi kugumira ipapo. Muchirimo cha1919, munyori yakatamira Odessa. Zvakare, upenyu inova nguva dzose kutarisira zvashata zindoga. MuMoscow, vakawanda vakanga vakamirira vokuGermany, nokushayiwa mano vachifunga kuti vapindire munyaya dzomunyika yeRussia osunungura kubva Bolshevik rima. Pano, mu Odessa, vanhu vanomhanya tichingotama Nikolaev Boulevard - kana, graying kure nomuparadzi French. Kana hongu - ipapo vanenge inodzivirira, tariro, uye kana asina - kuvenga, mhirizhonga, maturo, uye ipapo achava pakuguma.

Mumwe mangwanani rinotanga kuverenga mapepanhau. Vazere makuhwa uye nhema, zvinoita rinoungana zvokuti unogona bitirirwa, asi mvura kana kutonhora - zvose zvakafanana munyori Zara uye vanopedza mari yose. Kuti St. Petersburg? Chii chiri Kiev? Denikin uye Kolchak? Mibvunzo pasina mhinduro. Panzvimbo pavo - vacho pavairidza mhere misoro: "The Red Army chete mberi! Tiri vachifora pamwechete kukunda pashure kukunda! "Kana" Uyai, mudikani, regai kuverenga mitumbi! ", Uye pazasi kwavari remhepo,, kurongeka pedyo sokunge kuva, kuenda manotsi ari kusingaperi kupfura vavengi neSoviet kana" kunyevera "pamusoro pe simba kukundikana -this kuparadzwa zvakakwana chinotsva. Zvakanaka, anotarisirwa migumisiro ... Mumwedzi mumwe, "zvakaipa" zvese, "kwete railroads, hapana trams, hapana mvura, hapana zvokudya, hapana mbatya -! Hapana"

Guta, kamwechete rine bishi uye nomufaro, azere rima, kunze munzvimbo umo "Apartments", "Bolshevist dzokuvanda." Ikoko, ari pamusoro anopenya chandeliers, akanzwa omumwe balalaika, vanoonekwa pamadziro uye vatema mireza, pamusoro izvo chena dehenya uye sirogani: "Rufu kuti bourgeoisie! Asi zvikuru, kwete chete panguva usiku asi masikati. Mumugwagwa zvakangoita zvishoma. Taundi haagari, guta rose hombe agere pamba. Mhepo yakazara vachifunga kuti nyika yakakundwa neimwe vanhu, vamwe anokosha ", iro zvakatoipa kupfuura vamboona kusvikira ikozvino. A mukundi ichi ari mumigwagwa, kuridza akodhiyoni, vachitamba, "anovanza bonde," akasvipira mumwe mbeu, vanotengesa kubva dzacho uye pamusoro penyika, mukundi ichi, pakutanga kwezvose, hapana yokungoitawo, hapana nyore. It zvachose nehasha sembura, inotyisa yake zvakaipa upenzi uye kuparadza zvose upenyu hwake "nezvinyamusi asi ramazuva" dambudziko zvose uye vose ...

"Vakatukwa Days" Bunin pfupiso: mhedziso

Mumazuva okupedzisira January 1920 I. A. Bunin nemhuri yake kuti vatize kubva Odessa. Diary machira vakarasika. Naizvozvo Odessa manotsi vakagurwa panguva ino ...

Mukupedzisira, nyaya inoti " 'Ngaatukwe Days" Bunin: pfupiso mabasa "Ndinoda kupa zvakawanda, mamwe mashoko munyori vanhu Russian, uyo, zvisinei akatsamwa, akarurama hasha, aida uye anokudzwa kwazvo, nokuti akanga zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe Motherland ake - Russia . Akati kuti muRussia pane mhando mbiri dzevanhu: yokutanga inotongwa Russia, uye mune mamwe - Chud. Asi mumwe uye yechipiri pane zvinoshamisa, dzimwe nguva unotya changeability moods uye guises, vanonzi "unsteadiness". Pairi, vanhu vakaita huni, vanogona kubuda uye tsvimbo, uye mufananidzo. Zvose zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu uye ndiani hews muti: Emelka Pugachev kana St. Segiyo. I. A. Bunin uyu "mufananidzo" kuona uye aifarira. Vazhinji vaitenda kuti chete kuvenga. Asi kwete. Hasha, rudo urwu, uye kutambura risingaperi kwakadaro zvakaipa zviri kuitika parizvino zvisizvo nayo. Unoona, uye iwe unogona kuita chinhu.

Zvakare ndinoda kukuyeuchidzai kuti nyaya vaibata basa "" Vakatukwa Days "Bunin. Executive Summary havagoni kutaura nemano nokudzika yemunyori manzwiro, saka kuverenga dhayari manotsi zvizere inodiwa.