Utariri dzidziso

Management - ari nyanzvi basa nechinangwa pazvinangwa ayo uchishandisa Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kushandiswa kwevanhu uye zvinhu zvedu maererano nheyo, nzira uye mashandiro hupfumi mashandiro management dzidziso.

Chaizvoizvo, izvi izwi kwakafanana shoko "utariri". Zvisinei, "utariri" ndiyo rakatetepa pfungwa uye rinoshanda chete basa-siyana zveupfumi pezvakaitwa mhiri zvebhizimisi kana sangano. Pfungwa iyi zvinosanganisira:

• Kushambadzira uye kufungidzira pamusika mamiriro;
• kugadzira nhumbi shoma mari uye kunonyanyisa mubereko nomutengo wavo;
• kuongorora ruzivo uye zano kuti awane chinangwa akaronga;
• kwevanhu zvekuvaka kutarisirwa, izvo zvinosanganisira nezivo wepfungwa uye evanhu.

The chikuru unyanzvi munhu akazvarwa maneja kukwanisa kukunda matambudziko. Mune rimwe boka duku mabasa maneja anowanzoitwa kuteererwa wekambani pachake. Asi kana wakasimba zvasvika svikiro kuti hombe kukura, anouya kubatsira maneja (maneja, murongi, maneja). Uye kazhinji zvinoitika kuti tinoonga dzavo unyanzvi nyanzvi maneja anogadziriswa matambudziko akawanda kunyange kupfuura Kumutungamiriri.

Management pfungwa - sayenzi nzira uye nenheyo management kwakadaro. Nokuti kunzwisisa chirango ichi dzesayenzi nani zvinobatsira kufunga nhoroondo kukura kwayo. Evolution management dzidziso vakatanga anodarika zana apfuura. Tinogona kusiyanisa 5 zvikoro dzinokosha dzaiumbwa utariri akafunga:

• Chikoro chinotaura pamusoro masayendisiti utariri nzira (pamwe 1885. Of 1920).

• Classical School (1920 - 1950 gg.).

• School, akadzidza mugumisiro hwevanhu (pamwe 1930. Of 1950).

• evanhu School, hunonziwo pachikoro Behavioral Sciences (kubva 1950. kusvikira nhasi).

• Chikoro akarongeka uye quantitative nzira (pamwe 1950. Now).

At chinoumba nesayenzi utariri kuchikoro inobva mazano uye pfungwa Frederika Teylora. Pfungwa iyi management anoteerera zvikuru kudzidza mumwe mhando basa, specialization basa uye pakatanga differential muripo hurongwa nesayenzi. Taylor akafunga kuti achishandisa pakuongorora nekuyera, pfungwa, vanogona yekudyidzana kuvandudza kushanda remaoko. Other anozivikanwa vamiriri ichi muitiro vari Henry Gantt, mudzimai Lillian uye Frank Gilbreth.

Muvambi dzekare chikoro vakava Henri Fayol. wevamiriri vayo kekutanga aparadzana basa okuwana, ichijekesa sechipiriso yoga basa. Izvi utariri pfungwa chinotaura kuvandudzika uye kukura zviga basa kurapa zvinonyatsorehwa muitiro. A. Fayolle akakurukura 14 nokudenga misimboti management, uye Weber akagadzira nheyo bureaucratic ainoita utariri.

Dzidziso "ukama hwevanhu" wekona anotevera Management School - kuchikoro kuti sangano iri mubvunzo somunhu chaiwo "magariro." The havaoni pachikoro ichi (Elton Mayo, Abraham Maslow, Fritz Roethlisberger) yakati kuti basa negoho zvinokonzerwa zvinodiwa nevanhu. Maererano navo, maneja vanofanira kuvavarira zvisina Utungamiri uye kukunda "nyasha vanhu."

Kusiyana vatsigiri kuchikoro hwevanhu, izvo nezvezvakanaka zvinodiwa nomumwe, vamiririri wechikoro behaviourist (F. Herzberg, C. Argyris, D. McGregor, R. Laynkert) funga uye kudzidza maitiro vanhu vari muboka, zvose zvakarurama yakajairwa. Muzvikoro izvi zviviri yakatanga dzidziso chido mune utariri.

The kwemasvomhu chikoro zvakanaka chinhu chaiwo musoro kwacho kuti inogona inorondedzerwa runoenzanirana kwemasvomhu womuenzaniso. Naizvozvo, pfungwa iri zveupfumi uye akarongeka nzira, kushandisa nhamba uye makombiyuta kurapa sangano. Pakati havaoni chikoro ichi zvikuru kuzivisa Smoi G., D. Woodward, J. March, Va Ackoff, H. Lowry, D. Thompson.

The ukama kumusoro zvikoro zviri zvinotungamirira kwezvisikwa zvikuru nyatsoshanda utariri. Mumwe mirayiridzo kuzvidzora tambo yakaita filaments, izvo zvakanyatsobatana mumwe, ndinosika soro simba. Modern utariri Pfungwa yave takabatikana uye anoramba kudzamisa uye kukudziridza yakanakisisa kubudirira uye pfungwa chikoro nerimwe.