Ukama hwezvemari

Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuvandudzwa kwehukama hwemazuva ano muRussia, mutemo wezvemari unowedzera kukosha mukugadzirisa kwekusarudzira nyika, zvehupfumi uye, zvechokwadi, mutemo wezvematongerwe enyika wenyika yedu. Kubatana kunowanikwa munharaunda yehupfumi hwehurumende uye kunotungamirirwa nemitemo inokosha inonzi "hutano hwezvemari".

Iyi maitiro ehukama hwevanhu vose inonyanya kukosha kwehupfumi hwemashamba. Kuvandudza, hutano hwezvemari hwepamutemo hunokonzera kuwedzera kwemaitiro emabasa ezvoupfumi enyika. Nenzira, zvizivo zvehurumende zvakarongeka zvakarongeka, zvakadai seFederal Treasury, neHurumende yeMitero uye Mabasa, Pension Fund nevamwe. Mutemo, uyewo nzira dzezvemari, dziri kuvandudzwa, mhando itsva yehutano hwezvemari inowanikwa nguva dzose. Zvinhu zviviri zvakajeka zvakajeka mukati mazvo: pfuma uye simba rehurumende. Sezvo basa rezvehupfumi mune nheyo dzarwo riine maitiro ehurumende, kushandiswa kwemari kunowanikwa mune zvepfuma.

Somugumisiro webasa rezvemari yenyika pane kusangana, izvo zvisingadi mutemo wepamutemo. Asi chete hukama hwezvemari huripo hunoisa pfungwa uye huratidze zviri mukati mechiitiko ichi. Nokudaro, pasina ivo, basa rezvemari haritomboiti.

Ngationei nezvehutano hwezvemari, maitiro avo nemhando. Main features:

1. Zvinoratidzika somugumisiro webasa rezvemari renyika.
2. Mavari, zvinotofanira kunge pane imwe nyaya iyo ndiyo iyo hukuru kana hurumende yemasimba enyika.
3. Chikonzero chikuru chekuitika kwavo ndeyemari (nyika inowana mari kana mari, etc.).

Izvi zvinoratidza kusiyana kwemari kune dzimwe hukama. Saka, pane kutongwa kwepamusoro kune munhu ane mhosva anokonzera kurangwa kwemari. Asi ivo havabatanidzi mune zvehupfumi zvezvematongerwe enyika, asi varipo chete kuranga vane mhosva. Nokudaro, rudzi urwu rwehukama hunotungamirirwa nemitemo yehutungamiri, uye kwete mari.

Pamusoro pezvinhu zvakanyatsogadzirwa, zvinotevera zvinotevera zvehukama hwemari zvakasiyana:

- mutero;

- bhajeti;

- chikwereti (bhangi kana hurumende);

- nzvimbo ye inshuwarisi;

- dzimba dzinotonga mutemo wemari;

- kuronga kushandiswa kwemari uye, zvechokwadi, mari yemutemo.

Nokuda kwekuregererwa kwehutano hwezvemari masheti aya anotevera anowanzoshanda:

1. Kushandiswa kwemari yebhajheji.
2. Kubhadhara kwemari yekusungirwa kwemari pamusana pekubhadhara panguva yakakodzera yemari yakakosha kana kuunganidzwa kwekubhadhara zvakadzama (kurera).
3. Kushandiswa kwemasangano akaenzana ezvo kodzero yekuwedzera mitero yemitero.
4. Kuguma kwehukama hwepamutemo nehuwandu hwemitero kunoitika kana munhu asvika pane imwe nguva, somuenzaniso, semugumisiro wekubvumirana, kubhadhara.

Nhepfenyuro nehutano hwepamutemo, semitemo, inomira pamusana pemunhu wepamutemo (somuenzaniso, chiziviso chinotumirwa nemari yezvemari kune vagari venyika, kuti anofanira kubhadhara mutero) kana mutemo wekusimudzira mutemo (iyo federal budget yemutemo inogamuchirwa gore negore).

Nhepfenyuro nehutano hwepamutemo zvinoshandiswa chete kana kune kuchinja mune zvokwadi kana zviitiko zvakapiwa muitiro we normative. Parizvino, mutemo wezvemari muRussia Federation hauna kugadzikana, saka zvinokosha kuti urambe uchicherechedza kuchinja kwose kunoitwa kune zvinyorwa zvemari yemitemo.