Temberi baalshamin uye vaBhera: akaparadza zviratidzo Palmyra

Ancient Palmyra inotangwa Hurrian mutongi Tukrisha. Panguva iyoyo, akanga rimwe remaguta inokosha mugwenga reSiriya uye yaiva yakanaka oasis pakati reSiriya guta weDhamasiko , uye kupfuura rwizi muna West Asia - Yufratesi. "Sweet Water" rwaYufratesi sezvo rinoshandurwa kubva mutauro nechiAramaiki, wakadenha yakawanda mararamiro ekare.

Palmyra akamhanya mhiri gwara chengoro zhinji kupfuura murenje reSiriya. Nokuda yayo inokosha nzvimbo, guta rakabudirira, kuwedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye akave nokugamuchira honorary wenyaya "mwenga murenje". Zvivako dzakakurumbira muri temberi Bel Palmyra uye Baalshamina.

Temberi Bel

Izvi temberi yekare yakanga kupfuura chinhu muAndiyoki Palmyra. It yakavakwa 32 BC, uye kutanga pakurigadzira kwakaitika yaitonga Mambo Tibheriyo. The netemberi yaJehovha Bel waimirira ukuru hweRoma, izvo yakatora Palmyra. Panguva iyoyowo, akava mukuru tsvene guta rekare, yakavakwa kukudzwa mutongi mukuru kudenga Bhera.

Kuvaka ichi chivako rava chiratidzo kubatana East uye West: mukati menyika temberi yakavakwa netsika kuMiddle East, uye pamadziro ayo kuwirirana mapurani zvaunofarira kuWestern vatongi Palmyra. Zvinofungirwa kuti temberi Bel hwakagadzirwa ezvivako kubva muguta kuAndioki.

Inside imba yaiva chete, asi vakawanda chaizvo nzvimbo netsika horo. In niches yayo huru yakanyungudutswa dzavamwari Palmyra vakanga yakaiswa. Kunze temberi mokupera yakashongedzwa zvikuru Bhanabhasi-reliefs neshongwe diki uye ndarira gilded misoro achipenya dzapachivara chezuva. Bas ichifananidzwa pakuzvichenesa mudungwe, 7 zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri nemapuraneti 12 uye nyeredzi zviratidzo.

Nokufamba kwenguva, temberi Bel kuzonzi kupfuura mwero Kutarira, aizivikanwa kuti nyika kusvikira 2015: Emperor nevachivi Roman Aurelian akabvazve mbiru dzendarira gilded uye vakaenda naye guru hweRoma.

Temberi baalshamin muna Palmyra

nakisa Chivako ichi zvechitendero vakatanga kuvaka rechi17 gore hwaIshe wedu, uye basa achangopfuura pamusoro wayo inotungamirwa rakapera muna 130, panguva yaitonga weRoma Emperor Hadrian.

Temberi yakanga yakatsaurirwa kuna mukuru nouMwari reFenikiya Bhaari, akanamata vokumadokero Semites. In pantheon wavo Baalshamin aiva hondo dzokudenga, uye akarayira yemadutu uye mvura, nemhaka iyo yakasvava pedyo zuva nyika yakaorera. Zita Baalshamin temberi rinoshandurwa kubva Aramaic rinoreva "Mwari wokudenga '

Baalshamin vaiona pachake Supreme Mwari Bhera. Naizvozvo, mukusiyana kune wokupedzisira imba, aiva duku zvikuru uye dzichengeterwe kubva pakati mbiru pomugwagwa. Pasinei ichi musiyano duku, temberi vaviri dzakavakwa chete antiikki manyorerwo, Kupedza aiva muSiria National chishongo nokubwinya kuFenikiya vamwari.

Zvose kunze kweimba akanga kunyatsoomerera design, chete musimboti France akamira panze aine kwakadzika-column matanhatu pebiravira uye portal kuti ane akapfuma kushongedzwa. Pilasters yakashongedzwa parutivi masvingo etemberi. Pasinei dzayo duku ukuru, temberi yaiva anoyevedza kuona. Vasati vapinda chivakwa nayo yaiva pamusoro mashoko mamwe yekare kuvaka atari, icho munhu aigona kuverenga dedicatory zvinyorwa. Zvakanyorwa nechiAramaic uye nechiGiriki.

Muzana V remakore AD, mushure ubiquitous chiKristu temberi vaviri vakava machechi echiKristu.

Temberi baalshamin - tsvene denga mutongi

Baalshamin aiva mwari wokuFenikiya, vaipokanidza kukosha kwavo Bhera. Uyewo Bheri, akaigadzira vanamwari vatatu vatatu ake, unogovera mutembere vanamwari uye Aglibol Malakbel uye kwaenzaniswa echiGiriki Zeus. Iye chinorondedzerwa se ishe kudenga, uye akaratidzwa muchimiro egondo guru, ane mapapiro akatambanudza kuti zuva, mwedzi uye nyeredzi. vatambi vake vaiva mheni uye nzeve.

Baalshamin akanga kunyanya kunamatwa muna Palmyra, ndiko chete naye, maererano vagari veguta kwaibva kana rinobatsira mvura achapfuura pamusoro murenje nomumakomo. Uye mvura iri pano, sezvo imi munoziva - ndizvozvo zvose.

XXI remakore: rufu temberi vekare Palmyra

August 23, 2015 mauto nemagandanga sangano "kwechiIslam State of Iraq uye Levant" (LIH) akaparadza temberi baalshamin - kuvaka, kuvaka iyo Mikoko mugore 17 AD. Maererano Maamuna Abdoulkarim, mukuru muSiriya mamiriro weDhipatimendi Antiquities, magandanga makazadza guru mari zvinoputika temberi, uye ipapo akaridza ndikaridya, zvichiita irreparable kukuvara kune akakwegura Palmyra vatambi.

Somugumisiro pakati ufuza zviito menzvimbo temberi rakaparadzwa zvachose uye kunze mbiru yekudyidzana kukanganiswa. Video uye pikicha temberi baalshamin, utsinye yakaparadzwa vasingazivi magandanga akaita kutsamwa zvose chinoziva nyika munharaunda.

August 30, 2015 Mauto rakavhuvhuta temberi Bheri, kuparadza chose ayo chinokosha.

Lovely ounyanzvi akitekicha yekare vakamira anenge 2 zvemakore mune rinopisa Middle East, yaparadzwa mumaminitsi.

In March 2017 Palmyra akasunungurwa kubva LIH magandanga. Zviremera reSiriya vakaronga kudzorerwa aparadza Zvivako uye temberi baalshamin, uye ipapo apedzise kudzorerwa temberi Bel. On yavo kusikwazve achatora nguva yakawanda uye mari, uye zvinokwanisika chete Mumakumi emakore akazotevera, tinogona kuona ounyanzvi makuru mapurani yekare zvakare.