Sveta-dzakati: tsananguro

Session kudzidziswa Protocol (sveta) ndiye dzakati kuti zvichikurukura uye kuronga Multimedia kutaurirana muzvirongwa. Rakajairika mafomu mu Internet nvidia - Voice uye Video foni uye pakarepo mameseji pamusoro IP (Internet Protocol).

It inorondedzera mashoko vanotumwa pakati endpoints uye waidzora pakusikwa, kugumiswa, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha runhare. Sveta dzakati, tsananguro iyo chinopiwa pamusoro zvinogona kushandiswa kusika, kunatsiridza uye kugumisa purogiramu rinoumbwa mumwe kana kupfuura Multimedia mashoko hova. Hazvina kushanda rukoko Protocol. Yakagadzirwa kuti yakazvimirira chichikonzera zvifambiso rukoko. Mune mamwe mazwi, mumwe dzakati inobva chinyorwa chinosanganisira zhinji zvinhu HTTP (Hypertext Kutamisirwa) uye ari Simple Mail Address Kutamisirwa Protocol (the SMTP).

Sveta-dzakati - chii?

Sveta anoshanda pachiimbwa vanoverengeka nevamwe protocols kushanda-pamwero anotaura nekufambisa Multimedia pachirongwa. Kuzivikanwa zvenhau date uye enzanirana kunokwanisika pamwechete Session Description Protocol (SDP). Wokushandura Multimedia hova - inzwi, mavhidhiyo - payo kazhinji anoshandisa-chaiye nguva chokufambisa dzakati (RTP) kana Akachengeteka muoti (SRTP). For yakachengeteka hutachiwana sveta mashoko anogona encrypted kushandisa Transport rukoko Security (TLS).

budiriro History

Sveta-dzakati pakutanga yakatanga neboka nyanzvi 1996. Rakanga kwezvipimo muna 2543 mu RFC 1999 (sveta 1.0). Muna November 2000, akanga abvuma kuva 3 GPP zvichikurukura dzakati uye zvechigarire vanzwe mapurani IP-Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) nekuda kumhanyira Multimedia IP anotsanangura mabasa ari cellular gadziriro. Ichangobva version (sveta 2.0) mu RFC 3261 Specification akasunungurwa muna June 2002. With vamwe Extensions nokunatsiridza nayo rinoshandiswa nguva yedu.

Pasinei nokuti yepakutanga sveta-dzakati yakazokudziridzwa yakavakirwa inzwi mabasa. Nhasi, rinotsigira zvakawanda mafomu, kusanganisira videoconferencing, kudirana nhau, pakarepo mameseji, faira kuchinjirwa, uye Fax pamusoro IP, uye mitambo paIndaneti.

Protocol sveta - tsananguro uye mashandiro

Session kudzidziswa Protocol ndiwo yakazvimirira runotikurudzira zvifambiso Protocol. It Anomhanyira Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP) kana hutachiwana kudzora dzakati rukova (SCTP). Rinogona kushandiswa mashoko kuchinjirwa pakati mativi maviri (unicast) uye Multicast pachirongwa.

Mariri pane zvakagadzirwa zvinhu zvakafanana mienzaniso HTTP mutengapwe chikumbiro. Mumwe akadaro mashandiro kuchibva yeGmail.END_STRONG chikumbiro, izvo chinoita imwe nzira kana kushanda pamusoro server dzinenge imwe mhinduro. Sveta-dzakati reuses yakawanda Header minda, yeEncoding mitemo, uye HTTP mamiriro Codes kungotaurwa verengeka chinyorwa format.

Mumwe samambure zvekuvaka Session kudzidziswa Protocol - mukomana aishandisa mumiririri kana voicemail bhokisi - rinozivikanwa kushandisa zvekuvaka yavaive identifier (URI), kushanda maererano nevakawanda mwero nemarongerwo, iro rinoshandiswawo padandemutande mabasa uye e-mail. URI zano, iro rinoshandiswa nokuda sveta, ane chimiro inonzwisisika neketani: Username: pasiwedhi @ hondo: pachiteshi.

chibatiso Policy

Kana zvaida yakachengeteka date yedzimudzangara zano prescribes kuti mumwe nomumwe pomumbure okunze, uko chikumbiro anotumirwa kubaya achazoburuka, anofanira inopiwa Transport rukoko Security (TLS). The wokupedzisira danho iri Marshal Server kuti kubaya achazoburuka kana vanosungirwa kushanda maererano yeko kuchengeteka Kurongwa. TLS kudzivirira mvumo vanoedza gamha umboo panguva vanotumira. Asi haripi kuchengeteka zvechokwadi kumugumo uye haagoni kutadzisa Tracking uye mashoko kuba. Sezvo sveta-dzakati, izvo zvengarava zvinofanira zvakasimba chokuita, anoshanda nevamwe nomumbure mabasa?

It anoshanda pachiimbwa nedzimwe protocols akawanda uye rinobatanidzwa zvichikurukura yokukurukurirana chete. Sveta-nemakasitoma yemanyorero kushandisa TCP kana UDP chiteshi nhamba 5060 kana 5061 kubatanidza kuti sveta-servers nezvimwe sveta mugumo-pfungwa. Port 5060 inowanzoshandiswa nokuda unencrypted motokari chiratidzo, asi chengarava 5061 pedyo "shamwari" pamwe Transport rukoko Security (TLS).

Zvinobatsirei?

Kuti tipindure mubvunzo yakawanda chaizvo «sveta-dzakati - kuti" anofanira kunzwisiswa kuti chii rinoshandiswa. It unowanzoshandiswa kuti amutse uye kutumira inzwi kana mavhidhiyo dzedaro. Kunoitawo kuti yokugadziridza aivapo nematambudziko. The nadzurudzo dzingasanganisira kuchinja kero kana zvengarava, dzichikoka kukurukura zvakawanda vechikamu achiwedzera kana achibvisa nevezvenhau hova. Sveta wo kuwana kushanda muna mameseji zvikumbiro, uye mabasa ari chiitiko chipeto uye ziviso.

A akaisawo sveta-mitemo chokuita Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), anosarudza murayiro mafomu dzakadaro. Voice uye videopotokovye mameseji chikumbiro musi yakasiyana dzakati kushanda mu-chaiyo nguva Transport Protocol (RTP). Parameters - Chiteshi nhamba, protocols, codecs - nokuti vezvenhau ava hova anotsanangurwa uye vachiwirirana kushandisa chirongwa rondedzero dzakati (SDP), izvo zvinopfakanyika pasuru muviri Session kudzidziswa Protocol (semuenzaniso, sveta T dzakati).

The chikuru nemaonero dzakati ndechokuti tinofanira mune ramangwana kupa zvichikurukura uye kudaidza setup kuti IP-kukurukurirana pamusoro penheyo zvinogona kutsigira superset runhare kubudiswa mashandiro uye zvinhu zviri pachena kushandisa runhare Network (PSTN). Haadi kutsanangura navo. More chaizvo, izvozvo inodzora chete kudaidzwa setup uye achipa chiratidzo. zviito zvose kuti inoitirwa kuvhiya nefoni yakadaro (m. E. Dial, achipindura ringback pasi kana akabatikana chiratidzo), anoitwa Marshal servers uye User nevamiririri. Sumo kwavo mazwi yakasiyana munyika dzakasiyana, asi ivo unoshanda pamusoro ichocho.

The kukosha runhare

Telephone samambure kutsigira sveta anogonawo dzika vazhinji kupfuura yepamusoro kudanwa kubudiswa zvinhu aripo achipa chiratidzo System 7 (SS7). Kunyange zvazvo zvose protocols aya zvakasiyana. SS7 chinhu centralized Protocol. It kunoratidzwa kunzwisisa nechepakati nomumbure mapurani uye "kufunga" kuguma pfungwa (kwakajairika nhare). Sveta ari dzakati ari "nemhosva-Server". Zvisinei, namano vakawanda kuti inotsigira Session kudzidziswa Protocol anogona kuita sezvo basa nemhosva uye Server. Kazhinji, chechikamu initiator anoita somunhu nemhosva, uye mugamuchiri anoita chikumbiro Server chaitika. Saka, sveta zvinhu zviri rakatangwa muna achiudza endpoints, zvinopesana kwakajairika SS7 nezvaanogona kuti rakatangwa muna pemambure.

Sveta Evhangeri yemvura noMweya ndiyo pakuti zvemichina riri kuwedzera IT, uye kwete foni indasitiri. Sveta-dzakati iri kwezvipimo uye dzinowanzotsigi- pakutsvaga IETF, nepo vamwe (semuenzaniso, H.323) setsika chokuita International Telecommunication Union (Itu).

samambure zvinhu

Sveta inorondedzera rokushandisa nevasori, uyewo mifananidzo wandei samambure Server zvinhu. Two sveta endpoints anogona kutaura pasina zvenguva kwezvivako. Kunyange zvakadaro, izvi ndizvo kazhinji dzisingashandi kuti hurumende kukurukurirana, izvo zvinoda basa Directories kutsvaga anowanika nodes ari pemambure. Sveta-dzakati remazita havagoni kupa functionality kwakadaro.

mushandisi mumiririri

The mushandisi mumiririri sveta (UA) inhaurwa rezvebonde endpoints. Ivo zvinoshandiswa kugadzira kana kugamuchira mashoko, uye pakudaro kudzora sveta-chapera. Sveta-UA anogona kuita basa mukomana aishandisa mumiririri yeGmail.END_STRONG (UAC), izvo anotumira sveta zvikumbiro aro Server (UAS), izvo anogamuchira kubvunzurudza uye anodzoka ari sveta mhinduro. Nhoroondo dzakadaro kuzvidzora uye UAS rinoitwa chete panguva sveta mutengapwe.

nvidia

Sveta-nvidia, chokwadi, ndizvo IP-nvidia, izvo zvokurimisa ari nemhosva uye Server mashandiro sveta-mushandisi mumiririri. Uyezve, inochengetedza tsika runhare zvokusarudza - Dial, Mhinduro, kutsauka chengetedzo / kusunungurwa uye kudana vorega.

Sveta-dzeserura anogona chinozoiswa somunhu Hardware mudziyo kana somunhu softphone. Nekuti vagadziri vari kuramba vachishandisa dzakati ichi sezvo mureza nvidia pakakwirira (mumakore achangopfuura - kuburikidza 4G), mutsauko pakati Hardware uye Software sveta-nhare kunyatsogona kuramba avhiringidzwa. Uyezve, zvinhu zviri Session kudzidziswa Protocol nhasi chinozoiswa huru pamusoro firmware nevakawanda IP-kwakagonesa mano mabasa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana mano kubva Nokia uye Blackberry, uye sveta-dzakati musi Android zvino chiri basa.

In sveta, muna HTTP, inodzidzisa mumiririri anogona kudoma pacharo by Header munda namagwatidziro User-Agent, ine chinyorwa tsananguro usashandisa / Hardware / zvinhu. mushandisi-mumiriri kusango chikumbiro shoko iri inoparadzirwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kugamuchira sveta Server kuona ruzivo urwu. Network zvinhu Session kudzidziswa Protocol dzimwe nguva rinogona kuchengeta mashoko. Uye zvinogona kubatsira mune diagnosing matambudziko kugarisana.