Structural isomers - ndiko kuti

Munyaya ino tichataura pamusoro STRUCTURAL isomers, kunyanya avo marongerwo uye mhando isomerism. We ongorora muudzame Chiitiko pamusoro isomerism, uye zvichagoverwa mienzaniso yavo kushandiswa muupenyu.

Chiitiko pamusoro isomerism

Isomerism - chiitiko chinokosha, predetermining kuvapo kwemakemikari. yeimwe, avo kupfuura - isomer yeimwe pamwe dzakafanana nziyo uye samolecular Zviidzo kwemaatomu ane musiyano iri mabhomba urongwa muchadenga kana nechivako dzavo, zvichitungamirira neshanduko pakuunganidza zvakasiyana, zvivako zvitsva. Structural isomers - ndivo zvinhu kuumbwa nokuda kuchinja kwakadaro pachinzvimbo maatomu vavo muchadenga, iyo ichakurukurwa pazasi zvizere.

Achitaura isomerism, zvinokosha kuyeuka kuvapo kwacho zvakadai, sezvo isomerization, iyo inofanira kuchinja kubva mumwe isomer kune imwe somugumisiro makemikari. transformations.

mhando isomerism

Isomerism Valence - mufananidzo isomer chimiro, sezvamakaropafadzwa shanduro isomers pachavo (mumwe) zvinokwanisika pamusana redistribution nokuda Valencia kusungwa.

Isomerism zviri kuitika kwakadaro zvinhu kabhoni marangwanda asi zvakasiyana functionalities chinzvimbo. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiye 2- uye 4-chlorobutane acid.

Interclass isomerism anofukidzira musiyano wayo pakati isomers mu yezvakaita dzichipfekeka mapoka.

Metamerism - kuparadzira nzvimbo kabhoni maatomu pakati nokuwanda kabhoni radicals, heteroatom mamorekuru anoshanda separator. Izvi mhando isomerism hunhu amines, thioalcohols, esters, zvose nyore uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa.

Isomerism kabhoni marangwanda - inoshora nzvimbo kabhoni maatomu, uye kutaura zvazviri kwavo hurongwa. Somuenzaniso: phenanthrene uye anthracene vane zvayo nzira S14N10, asi zvakasiyana mhando redistribution ose Valencia kusungwa.

STRUCTURAL isomers

Structural isomers - muri zvinhu kuva yakafanana nemamiriro mukomboni ose wevacheche, asi zvisingapindirani samolecular payakavakirwa. Structural isomers - ichi mhando zvinhu, izvo akafanana kune mumwe ari quantitative uye Qualitative nziyo, asi kuti mabhomba chokuedza (kwemakemikari mamiriro) ane misiyano.

Structural isomers dzinoiswa ne mhando Isometric chimiro, mhando zvinopiwa pamusoro ari ndima iri mhando isomerism.

Structural payakavakirwa isomer fuma ine siyana okunatsiridza. Mienzaniso isomerism kunogona kuva zvinhu zvakadai butanoic acid, 2-methylpropanoic acid, methyl propionate, dioxane, ethyl acetate, isopropyl Formate vane fanana Zvinoumba zvose zvitatu mhando kwemaatomu rinoumbwa zvinhu, asi zvisingapindirani panzvimbo maatomu ari mukomboni.

Mumwe muenzaniso unoshamisa pamusoro isomerism - ndiyo kuvapo pentane, neopentane uye isopentane.

mazita isomers

Sezvambotaurwa, STRUCTURAL isomers - muri zvinhu kuva yakafanana nemamiriro mukomboni ose wevacheche, asi zvisingapindirani samolecular payakavakirwa. yeimwe kwakadaro vane kupatsanura iyo unoenderana zvinoitwa zvivako zvavo, marongerwo uye chinzvimbo kwemaatomu mune morekuru isomer, kusiyana uwandu dzichipfekeka mapoka Valence zvisungo, kuvapo maatomu imwe chinhu nefuma, etc. Mazita STRUCTURAL isomers vakawana munzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Ngationei muenzaniso 3-methylbutanol 1 semumiriri alcohols.

Kana zviri alcohols pakugadzirira alcohols mazita ose inotanga kusarudzwa carbon cheni riri hunonyanya, chiverengero rinoitwa, chinangwa iyo - pabasa OH boka duku, zvinobvira nhamba vakapiwa murayiro. pacharo kutanga zita kuti kuchiiswa ine kabhoni cheni, uchiteverwa zita redunhu guru, uye akazotaurawo kuti suffix-ol, uye nhamba inoratidza kabhoni atomu waakaita kuti OH boka.