Sei uye kupi chikuru weti aumbwa: kuti zvigadziriswe utano uye chirwere

Wakambozvibvunza kworudzii kuita herculean basa miviri yedu zuva nezuva kuitira kuti muviri muviri? How uye apo kuumba nesekondari weti, ndedzipi nzira kuti mutemo azvaiitwa yakaoma, chii chinoitika kune muviri kana kutyorwa dzavo? Funga nezvemibvunzo iyi munyaya ino zvizere.

ziviso

Muviri - chete tsime simba uye inotonhorera substrates vose zvipenyu, kusanganisira vanhu. Uye chikuru akaendesa ndiro ropa ravo. Zvisinei, muna nedanho muviri vari akaumba kwete chete zvakafanira kwatiri, asi zvisingakoshi, pasingadiwi kana kunyange chepfu metabolites kusunungurwa kunyika kwezvakatipoteredza. Nzira iyi 4: expiratory mhepo kubva ganda secretion kuburikidza ura neitsvo. Heino ichangobva mashandiro uye tinotarisa muudzame, nokuti kunokanganisa guru chikamu zvakakodzera muviri mumuviri, uye saka ayo urongwa ose anodiwa muviri.

Chii kunokosha itsvo pamuviri?

Itsvo, sezvamunoziva, OK - iri aiwanzopiwa wokushanda nhengo, riri munzvimbo extraperitoneal lumbar nharaunda munhu. Hazvina muviri uyu anokonzera yavaive vose muchetura uye metabolites ane muviri zviri muropa uye asingauyi kuwira bile, uye electrolyte mwero. Mukuwedzera, ivo synthesize dzimwe hormone ndiyo imwe inokosha zvigadziriswe yokudzora BP - renin-angiotensin-aldosterone hurongwa, riri kukonzerwa masero chaiwo juxtaglomerular afferent arterioles ari renal corpuscles vari chaizvo nehanya parameter ichi. The parenchyma pamusoro nhengo iyi rinoumbwa mamiriyoni nephrons mu rirambe richibvira glomeruli iyo paumbwe chikuru weti iri tubules uye - ayo yevasungwa pamberi yechipiri.

On izvo zvose kunobva?

Izvi multi-danho muitiro uye inobva pfungwa gradient, kureva, musiyano tsika. Saka, kumanikidza gradient pakati afferent uye efferent arterioles anoita uwandu weti, uye nokudaro kukosha achiparadzira ropa vhoriyamu uye BP. A wevasungwa gradient pamusoro ions uye permeability wavo rusvingo tubular rinopa electrolyte zvakanakanaka mumuviri. Nokudaro, itsvo - rinokosha nhengo, uyewo chete mhinduro yechokwadi kumubvunzo: "sei uye kupi kuumba chikuru weti" Kana isu kutaura zvakawanda pamusoro nemamiriro ose nephron, ipapo akataura huru zvikamu zviviri: kuti renal corpuscle (rirambe richibvira glomerulus + chokunze Kamudzira Bowman -Shumlyanskogo) uye tubules (ichiburuka - proximal convoluted mutsetse, loop pamusoro Henle, vachikwira - distal convoluted uye ngaatarire). Sei uye kupi chikuru weti achiumbwa ino yakaoma ezvinhu? Quite nyore, kana ukatarira.

Ungazviita sei?

Saka, zvose kwemasayendisiti vari kuitika nephron hurongwa kubudikidza zvinotevedzana zvigadziriswe. Kutaura zvazviri, chikuru weti - imvura yaunganidzwa filtration pamusoro cellular zvinhu ropa, uye zvinoitika munyika renal corpuscles. Nokuti chokuti dhayamita afferent arterioles nephron kaviri dhayamita rimwe efferent ropa pumped pasi kumusoro kumanikidzwa kupinda Kamudzira pakati Bowman-Shymlanskaya, uye pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu chete simba anopinda rirambe richibvira glomerulus. Muchitokisi ichi okunze uye mamorekuru musapfuura zvinonyadzisa chinodzivirira mudziyo masvingo, uye saka vakanga vabuda Kamudzira shure kuburikidza efferent arteriole. Heunoi sei uye kupi chikuru weti aumbwa. Izvi inodzokororwa dzose, mumwe wechipiri, nekuti kuti tirambe chinhanho nhengo dzedu uye nyama ropa circulates dzose, achipfuura kubudikidza neitsvo.

vakawanda

Saka nhasi muviri ichipfuura roga kuti 1,700 litres ropa, riri kuumbwa kubva chikuru weti (150-170 litres), i.e. 1 fő gumi nerimwe. Hazvina mvura yakakwana inofanira zvikaramba kubva pamuviri, nekuti zuva nezuva munhu anodya 2-3 litres mvura, vanenge hafu ity ndinoiitawo wokuwedzera kuumbwa panguva metabolic kwendangariro. Uye sezvo chikuru weti yaunganidzwa nyore filtration ropa kuburikidza membranes, zviri kushanda plasma, asi pasina huru mamorekuru. Asi kusiyana kwokupedzisira akadzikama chikuru weti kwaisanganisirawo ions zhinji uye shuga, sezvo ivo nyore kupinda napakati vascular rusvingo. Uyezve, nokuisa kuburikidza kwegadziriro tubules kunoitika reabsorption mvura, electrolytes uye, Chikurukuru, shuga. Ndokusaka kana anoona iri kuongorora weti mapuroteni uye shuga chiremba hazvo chifungidziro munhu pathological mamiriro muviri.

chirwere

Itsvo kupesvedzera zhinji zvirwere vamiririri, antibodies dzavo, uyewo tupukanana. Saka, muedzo chirwere glomerulonephritis, unoshamisa, kunyanya nephrons izvo akaumba chepuraimari weti. Uyezve kushoma mberi tubules uye naizvozvo urinalysis uye akawana yakawanda mapuroteni uye electrolytes.

The inonyanya abnormality ndiyo pyelonephritis - ane kuzvimba renal chiuno maitiro ane chirwere hunhu, kureva itsvo madhipatimendi kare kuti anotakura weti kupinda ureter. Parenchyma apo kutambura chete zvishoma, saka puroteni unowanika shoma, asi utachiona uye ropa masero machena - inokosha. Mukuwedzera, dzakasiyana zvisikwa kuitika nephritis mu systemic pathologies muviri (amyloidosis), zvirwere cardio-vascular hurongwa (atherosclerosis, BP, thrombosis), uye metabolic zvirwere. Panewo vachiberekwa malformations nezvezvimwe zvinetso zvedundira. Saka, itsvo dziri chaizvo kubatwa Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga, uye nokuda kwavo basa rinokosha muviri kumusoro, pamusoro utano hwavo vanofanira kutarisira hwake.