Retardation mu zvepfungwa - ndiye kunonoka, kunonoka kukura. Kumhanyisa uye retardation

Retardation mu zvepfungwa - iri izwi kuti apararira achangopfuura makore sezvo nevakomana okuti "kumhanyisa". On kukosha kwayo overlaps pamwe infantilism. Retardation (kunonoka, kunonoka) anoratidza kuti backlog pamusoro nguva anogona vanoumba, nepo kakawanda, dzimwe infantilism zviratidzo ake kuramba nedzevakuru. Uyezve, pane retardation okukura pfungwa, uye nokuda infantilism pfungwa haisi kukanganiswa.

Shoko rokuti "retardation"

Mukutonga anosimbirira kunonoka retardation kunzwisisa zvinonyatsorehwa mupfungwa kukura nokuda kutyorwa siyana njere pakati pemakore maviri nemakore mashanu, kureva panguva mwana kana ari akarurama kuitwa akaiumba. Panguva iyoyowo, sezvinoita mutemo, hadzina kuzivikanwa mberi Kuipa zvishande mabasa. Kana chirwere chepfungwa kuitika pamusoro pakanyorwa kare kuumbwa matauriro uye vari mberi zvakasikwa, kuti zvokukura zvirwere zvakadai anozivikanwa sezvo dementia (dementia).

kumhanyisa

Retardation somunhu neizvi kumhanyisa mafungiro kunosanganisira Kunonoka kana lag mu kukura. Somugumisiro, kumhanyisa - riri kuwedzera kumhanya kukura uye kubudirira mune vaduku uye kuyaruka. Uyewo pano anogona kunzi kufambira kuwedzera kukura varume vakuru muviri. To musi, Kune mhando mbiri kumhanyisa: intra uye nhangaruvazhe. Chokutanga - riri kuwedzera kumhanya pakukura vamwe vana uye kuyaruka kwemamwe zera mumapoka. Nhangaruvazhe kumhanyisa anonzi nokukurumidza kukura vana mumuviri nhasi zvichienzaniswa nezvizvarwa.

Zvinokonzera kuti kumhanyisa

Kuti Vanzwisise retardation chii, zvinokosha kuziva zvinokonzera ane wakatarisana chakajairika, ndiko, kuti asimbise zvipenyu zvigadziriswe pakati kumhanyisa. Conventionally, zvinokonzera wakakurumidza kukura chinogona kukamurwa mapoka makuru matatu:

1. pfungwa mumuviri makemikari hunhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira dzidziso Koch vaitenda kuti vana ano vari kumuomera pachena kuti ultraviolet mwaranzi, izvo injini pakukura. Asi zvikuru zvakafanana, kwakaitika nevatsvakurudzi vakawanda, iri pfungwa pamusoro matambudziko maindasitiri matongo pamusoro kukura kwevana.

2. pfungwa yacho simba pamusoro kukura mwana evanhu kwezvakatipoteredza, zvikurukuru, kuvandudza zvokudya, utano uye mamiriro ose mumaguta upenyu. Maererano nevaongorori, zvose izvi zvinogonawo anotokonya zvazvinoita kwomuviri.

3. pfungwa, maererano izvo kumhanyisa - mugumisiro cyclical kuchinja zvoutachiona uye dzimwe mananara heterosis. heterosis zvinogona kutsanangurwa maererano mukuru yokutama ano kwevanhu uye vachiwedzera yakavhenganiswa vakaroorana. Vana apo rudzi mumwe anova dzakabudirira mumuviri.

Zvingava zvakanaka kuti nezvese vatatu hypotheses, sezvo nevanyori vazhinji funga mhaka kumhanyisa kwaitwa imwe zvinoverengeka, kana ichi panguva dzakasiyana uye munzvimbo dzakasiyana chinokosha ezvinhu akasiyana.

Retardation: zvikonzero uye zvinhu. Pfupiso yebhuku

Retardation mu zvepfungwa - iri kunonoka kwomuviri uye paumbwe dzichipfekeka gadziriro muuduku uye kuyaruka. Panguva iyi nokudzidza Fani iyi, masayendisiti vanozivikanwa zvinokonzera maviri chikuru retardation: masero okutodza uye Organic zvinetso, vachiberekwa kana vawana munyika postnatal ontogenesis, uyewo siyana evanhu zvinhu.

Nhaka retardants nemagariro chinhu

Zvikurukuru, pakazosvika nguva dzinotsanagura kukura retardants vari kure shure kwete chakarurama ichi kubva vezera ravo, chete paavhareji netsika kusvika imwe kana maviri gare gare. Kana tinofunga kuti retardation mu zvepfungwa - imwe slowdown iri kukura, kuti zvakazara kugadzirisa dambudziko chinofanira kuona chikonzero chiitiko ichi. Kana backlog mugumisiro nhaka zvinhu kana shure chirwere, ipapo kazhinji pane nguva kunonoka kukura uye kupora pashure yokupedzisira kukura mwero nokukurumidza, kureva, majini chirongwa chiri chinozoiswa inopfuura mapfupi munguva.

Inokanganisa kukura mwana anogona kuva pasocial chinhu. Uye hazvina kudaro zvikuru mari yakaderera kwemashoko sezvo zvakaipa mupfungwa okunze ari mumhuri kana masangano. It isingachinji yokuti vana vari kurerwa muzvikoro chebhodhingi, misha nevana kana ari mamiriro ezvinhu kushayiwa hanya nevabereki vavo, vari lagging mumashure kukura kwegore kana maviri nevezera ravo.

cyclic dzokororo

Retardation mu zvepfungwa - insufficiently anodzidzwa Fani, asi kuvapo kwayo chaizvo anosimbisa dzidziso cyclical kumhanyisa kwokuchinja epochs. Maererano masayendisiti, mumakore mashanu apfuura pakave kumhanyisa uye deceleration retardation okukura. Nokuda kwechimwewo chikonzero, kwava cyclical, haisi kuzivikanwa, asi masayendisiti vanoti izvi zvinhu zvinotevera: kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze panyika, ikawanda zuva basa, pamwe nezvokudya uye zvichingodaro. Zvose zvinokonzera inogona rakakamurwa exogenous (inokanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza) uye endogenous (vachiberekwa kana vawana).

Retardation kunonyanya kukosha pakuona kuti mwana vagadzirira chikoro, nokuda kwayo psycho-vasiri kuibvisa kunobva zvakananga pamusoro mberi uye nzira ukama kuvaka vezera. Kakawanda, vana zvokukura sokunonoka vanodzidziswa nomumwe. Uyewo kucherechedza ndechokuti retardation uye kumhanyisa kunogona zvinopindirana uye inharmonious. Kureva, mwana mumwe nomumwe ane pamwero mumwe kuti kukura.