Reactive mugadziriro salvo moto Russia

Kubva pamazuva rakakurumbira Katyusha akashandura zvizhinji. Battle nzira, zvombo, National miganhu ... Asi vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers Russia nhasi vari zvikuru muhondo. Uchibatsirwa wavo, unogona kukanda pasi anoshongwa Hunonyanya simba rokuparadza kuti makumi makiromita, achiparadza uye waipedza akavakirirwa nzvimbo, muvengi warrior motokari uye manpower.

nyika yedu ane nzvimbo aitungamirira chinzvimbo mumunda MLRS budiriro: nguva kuvandudza kukura akwegura uye itsva mimwe zvombo. Nhasi tiri kutarisa chii mugadziriro salvo moto Russia nhasi anowanika pasi Army zvombo.

"Grad"

MRL 122mm. Zvakagadzirirwa kuparadza vashandi muvengi, kure marongero minefields, achiparadza akavakirirwa nzvimbo muvengi. Unogona kukurira chiedza uye nomutoo warrior motokari. Paaisika muchina akashandisa chassis "Ural-4320", iro rine vatungamiriri nokuti 122mm caliber projectiles. Akatakura zvombo kuti "Castle" anogona kuva chero muchina kuti ane akakodzera saizi.

Kuwanda rinobatsira anoshongwa - zvidimbu 40, akarongwa mina zvidimbu gumi nerimwe. Fire anogona kuitwa zvose kwepfuti kuroorwa uye kwenguva pfupi volley, izvo zvinoda miniti asingasviki mumwe (mumasekonzi 20). Kunonyanyisa Range - kusvika 20.5 makiromita. Kwakaitwa nzvimbo hectares mana. "Grad" inogona zvinobudirira kushanda mune navanopinda tembiricha siyana: -50 kusvika +50 Celsius.

moto kuzvidzora zvinogoneka kubva nzvimbo yemutekenyi uye kunze, uye mukupera nyaya, dzemaitirwe inoshandisa kwokunze that no wired kure kuzvidzora (range - kusvika 50 mamita). Sezvo vagadziri zvakapa yakarongeka kuungana anoshongwa kubva vakapofumara, vachirwa muchina zvishoma dzakazungunuka panguva kupfura. Kuunza kugadzwa kupinda vachiridzira nzvimbo asingafariri kupfuura matatu kana mana maminitsi. The chassis anogona fording kudzika kusvika rimwe nehafu mamita.

rwisana chikumbiro

Apo taishandisa gadziriro idzi salvo moto Russia? Chekutanga, avo rubhabhatidzo moto kwakaitika muna Afghanistan. How kuyeuka vapukunyuka pasi moto Mujahideen (uye avo vakanga shoma chaizvo): "Around akatonga gehena, mavhinga akabhururuka kumakore. Taifunga kuti kwaiva kuguma kwenyika. " Installation yaishandiswa chaizvo mumakore maviri Chechen mishandirapamwe, panguva "hondo matatu eights" panguva kumanikidza Georgia rugare.

Zvisinei, chiitiko rokutanga kushandisa izvi, ipapo vachiri muchivande zvirimwa akagamuchirwa zvakanaka pamberi zviitiko zvinorondedzerwa. Zvino zvakaitika panguva chiitiko Sino-Soviet kweItari, vakabva huchizongova China. Kana sefungu Chinese mauto yechipiri aigona achiri kuvhuna munzvimbo yayo uye vawane nzvimbo ikoko, kuti kushandisa "Grad" rakapiwa. Pakutanga Soviet Union zvavo Ndaida kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya, asi pakanga nezvemhosva maitiro dzakawanda. Chero zvakanga, asi zvakanga zvakakwana kuti pla: kunangidzirwa salvo hwevanhukadzi vakawanda "Grad" nyore vakarima chidimbu ichi nharo ndima.

Vangani vakaurayiwa Chinese, zvechokwadi haazorambi pakuziva. Soviet vehondo vaidavira kuti nharaunda Peninsula akapfuura vanhu dzinenge zviuru zvitatu. Chero zvazvingava, vakapona havana chokwadi.

Current chinzvimbo

Nhasi zvinonzi ichaongororwa kuti "Grad" tsika magadzirirwo yechinyakare. Vazhinji michina iyi, iyo zvino mubasa nehondo dzedu zvasakara anenge zvachose. Uyezve, zvino pane kunenge saturation mauto avo MLRS "dutu". Asi nokuti "oldies" achiri kure ichigere kupera. Chokwadi chokuti Bazi Defence achiri anoda kusiya muchiuto zvakanaka nekusimba, zvakachipa uye akarongeka motokari.

Panyaya iyi, rinokosha chirongwa mazuvaano uye kuti mazuva ano pfungwa uye kunyatsoshanda. Kunyanya, muenzaniso wekare akanga pakupedzisira yakasimbiswa kuipa kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai hurongwa, uyewo "Baguette" kombiyuta, izvo anodzora muitiro nezvekutanga projectiles. The ivimbiso muchiuto, pazera ingenuous update nzira akaenda "Grad" vanobatsirwa, sezvo kugona kwavo mauto yawedzera kakawanda.

nzira iyi rinoshandiswa mapato ose ari kunetsana pamusoro Ukrainian munharaunda. Ngwizhingwi Africans akagamuchira vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launcher enyika kubva Soviet Union, uyewo rudo ichi chombo. Muchidimbu, nenzvimbo kuparadzirwa chikwata ane hombe. Izvi ndizvo chakaitika hurongwa volley moto "Grad". "Smerch" ndechokuti ticharamba kutsanangura pazasi, kakawanda zvikuru simba uye ane unotyisa rinoparadza.

"Smerch"

chombo Zvechokwadi rinotyisa. By tienzanise, ari "Grad" zvinonyanya zvakafanana kunyatsoshanda pamwe chete dzinongoitika chaiyo. Judge: vokuAmerica tenda kuti "Twister" - kuisa volley moto, izvo zvaizoita iine zvakawanda tsindirana kunzwisisa vakauya zvombo zvenyukireya.

Uye vari zvachose zvakarurama. Kuronga izvi chete salvo "anofukidza" ane musoro 629 hectares panguva vachiridzira siyana anosvika 70 makiromita. Uye kwete kuti ndicho zvose. Nhasi, kugadzira marudzi itsva zvombo kuti kuchabhururuka atova makiromita ane zana. Pachivara, izvo rakafukidza mugadziriro salvo moto Russia, akapisa zvose, kusanganisira rinorema nadzo. Kufanana yapfuura MRL "Twister" anogona kushandiswa mune widest siyana tembiricha.

Rakagadzirirwa pamwero mukuru kubudiswa zvinzvimbo muvengi pamberi kurwisa, achiparadza bunkers kunyanya simba uye pillboxes, achiparadza guru kuwanda mauto muvengi uye motokari muvengi.

Chassis mutungamiriri vomurova projectiles

The chassis akasikwa pachishandiswa zvose-Nzvimbo motokari chakarova-543. Kusiyana "Castle", marongero iri kure nengozi kuti muvengi kubudikidza ndechokuti Kuronga bhatiri chinosanganisira moto kudzora mamiriro "musha", iro anobvumira kuti vabudirire chikuru kunyatsoshanda, inova zvinowanzoitika kuti dhiramu atirari enyika.

Izvi reactive vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers vane 12 tubular njanji kuti anoshongwa. Mumwe nomumwe wavo anoyera 80 makirogiramu, uye 280 vavo vari vatariri ane simba putika. chombo nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti reshiyo iri rakanakira unguided zvombo, sezvo anobvumira chokubatanidza ari nhare boosters simba uye hombe rokuparadza rine.

Uye mumwe kuchiitwa "Smerch" projectiles. Designers kare vakashanda pariri, asi akaita nechokwadi chokuti pakona rimwe kuitika pasi raiva madhigirii 90. munhu "meteorite" yakadaro nyore kusonera yose MBT muvengi probabilistic, uye kongiri zvivako kashoma kuti vasaratidza simba rakadaro. Pari kugadzirwa "Smerch" itsva haina aronga (kazhinji), sezvo murwendo ivo kuchatsiviwa idzva "dutu".

Zvisinei, pane zvimwe mukana kuti yekare hurongwa vachange pasi mazuvaano. Hazvina chokwadi kuti zvombo zvavo zvinokwanisika zvinosanganisira marudzi itsva zvombo pamwe vanoshingaira nhungamiro, saka kuti kurwa nezvaanogona wegadziriro uye nhasi ichiri kure rurege akaneta.

Chiizve tine chitundumuseremusere launchers, chitundumuseremusere launchers?

"Hurricane"

Chakagamuchirwa ari 70s remakore rapfuura. Combat zvinobudirira anopindura ane zvenguva nzvimbo pakati "Castle" uye "Twister." Saka, kufadza siyana ndiyo 35 makiromita. Kazhinji, mashoko "Hurricane" - vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers, magadzirirwo vazhinji zvinotaurwa zvakatendeka yakarongwa, iyo ichiri kutungamirirwa Developers zvombo zvakadaro munyika yedu. Iye akasika nomukurumbira mugadziri wake Kalachnikov Yuri Nikolaevich.

Nenzira dzichitaura, "Hurricane" - kuisa volley moto, yaiva kamwe Soviet Union muna zvikuru zvizhinji kuna Yemen, iyo yava kutanga ndichibvunza kurwisana kwacho. Zvirokwazvo tichaita kuona sei zvinobudirira akaratidza yekare unyanzvi Soviet pakurwa. Russian muchiuto pamwe "Grad" rakashandiswa se "Hurricane" muhondo muna Afghanistan.

Uyewo, kugadzwa chaishandiswa chaizvo muBosnia, muChechnya, uye gare gare - uye kuGeorgia. Pane uchapupu hwokuti kushandisa "Hurricane" kamwe yakaparadzwa zvachose nokuda mberi mbiru vokuGeorgia Matangi (maererano mamwe manyuko, yaiva "Grad").

The kunzwisisa

On the chassis Nzvimbo žil 135LM-akatasva muchina 16, tubular vatungamiriri (pakutanga akaronga kuti vachava 20). Ukrainians panguva yavo kusvika kwavari upgraded muchina nokuisa pamusoro chassis wavo KrAZ Kremenchug. The Zvinoumba vaunoshanda mupanda hwomuti chinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Zvakananga muchina 9P140.

• Kuendesa rokukwidza 9T452 anoshongwa.

• Set of zvombo.

• moto kuzvidzora muchina-kwakavakirwa kugadzwa 1V126 "Skit-B."

• Mari dzidzo nokudzidziswa kukarukureta.

• 1T12-2M chiteshi topographic ongororo.

• DF kunzwisisa meteorology uye 1B44.

• A seti zvakakwana midziyo uye zvokurimisa 9F381 rakagadzirirwa kugadzira uye kugadzira michina kubva zvakaoma.

Chiizve vanoonekwa ne vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers Russia "Hurricane"? Atirari mugove achiumbwa pasi kutenderera nechigadziko equilibration mashandiro, uye ari zvakare vakapakata hydraulic uye electromechanical actuators. Wandisa pasuru vatungamiriri inogona kunyengedzwa iri zvinobva 5 kusvika 55 inegumi.

The chinjikira munoenzanisa kunogona kuitwa panguva necheparutivi rworwendo 30 kurudyi uye wakasiya nechepakati akabatana ari muhondo motokari. Saka kuti kana hombe salvo kwakamuka ngozi zavalivanija rinorema chassis, kumashure chikamu lugs zviviri simba inopiwa. The kunzwisisa chiri vakapakata chiratidzo usiku namano uye saka zvinogona kushanda murima.

Iye zvino, Russian Armed Forces ava vakaramba anenge zana michina izvi. Zvichida ndiwedzere nyaya yavo isina kunyorwa kure pamunongopinda kumhanya panze kurwa upfumi. Izvi imhaka yokuti MRL itsva hwakaiswa kupinda pabasa, inosanganisira zvose zvakanakira tsaru yokutevedzera.

"Dutu"

Ichi - gadziriro itsva salvo moto Russia. Kuumba rwakatanga nokuti chokuti "Castle" akwegura, izvo zvave mubasa kwemakore anopfuura makumi mana kwemakore, kudiwa yokutsiva. Somugumisiro zvikuru pakukura basa uye pakanga motokari iyi.

Kusiyana dzavo vamutangira, vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers Russia "dutu" nokure munzvimbo kutungamirirwa uye zvakarurama kupfura, sezvo vanogona kushandisa topographic Data ichiparadzirwa kubva satellites. Asi ichi yakasiyana richangobva kugadzwa MRL kwete chete.

Chokwadi ndechokuti pamberi Soviet indasitiri mumwe nomumwe basa kuumba yoga kugadzwa: chokwadi, chete kuti paiva "Zoo" Meteorological muchimiro "Grad", "dutu" uye "Hurricane." Asi ano ezvinhu Russian vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers ( "dutu") vachasunungurwa mushanduro matatu, uchishandisa anoshongwa vose michina matatu inorondedzerwa pamusoro. Zvinofungirwa kuti vagadziri vakakwanisa kukurumidza kutsiva atirari Unit, saka kuti rimwe chassis inogona kushandiswa kugona siyana.

anoshongwa itsva

Uyezve, zvose kumashure gadziriro aiva mumwe chikuru pachiri chokuita uncontrollability kuti zvombo. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, nzira yakarurama pamusoro kare akabudisa zvombo vakasagona. Zvose izvi ndizvo chaizvo akakodzera hondo apfuura, asi vari mudare zvakatipoteredza rava kunaka. Kuti vagadzirise dambudziko iri, nokuti marudzi "dutu" ndakasika itsva projectiles vane basa Manyiminya uye Laser asingandirayiridzi. Kubvira MLRS ikava neitsva, chombo zvikuru ngozi.

Saka, mazuva Russian chitundumuseremusere mugadziriro volley moto kunogona ikozvino kuenzaniswa kubudirira specimens ose kwakajairika atirari zvikuru akakwana, kurova chinangwa nokuda makumi makiromita. Kusiyana zvemberi mu kuremekedza ichi "dutu" vachiridzira Range Y "dutu" yatova kusvika 100 km (paaishandisa tsamba anoshongwa).

Kuonana zvitsva nezvitsaru

Sezvatakaona akanyora pakutanga ino, panguva ino varipo rinoshandawo pamusoro kuvandudzika ari "Grad" wekare, inova yakawanda akasiya basa achiri. Ipapo vagadziri akashanyira pfungwa: "Ko kana iwe kushandisa mano, Tech giya kubva" Castle "achiisira itsva revarwi Unit" dutu "rakakodzera caliber"? Pfungwa akanga yakakurumidza.

Saka akaberekwa muchina mutsva akaita "dutu-G". zvakanga pamutemo kugamuchirwa kupinda basa 2013, asi akabva atanga kupa mauto. On "tangi biathlon - 2014" ari MRL idzva iri kuratidza kuti vose.

Kusiyana maviri vamutangira zviri unyanzvi ichi, pamasikiro nokudzora gadziriro dzikava pamusoro "Skit-BM" ndiro kanoverengeka kunowedzera kurwa nezvaanogona ari zvakaoma. Zvino vashandi aisafanira kuenda kunze, sezvo zvose zvakafanira topographic mashoko unoratidzwa munguva chaiyo iri monitors yakaiswa mukati kabhini: Uyezve, yekudyidzana muitiro aiming uye vachiridzira Battle nyore. Kubva ipapo unogona kusarudza kuenda atange kubudisa anoshongwa.

mazuvaano kwakadaro hakusi chete kuti modernize akwegura pakati, asi richengetwe zvikuru vashandi. Zvino muchina anogona kukurumidza kubereka volley kubva namahwindo nzvimbo uye kuusiya imwe mari hapana kupfuura maminitsi ose hafu. Izvi zvinoshamisa kunoderedza ngozi kuonekwa uye kuparadzwa kunzwisisa muvengi kutsiva. Mukuwedzera, kuburikidza kushandiswa anoshongwa itsva patsanurika warhead zviri ikozvino zvinogoneka yekudyidzana kuwedzera kuwanda zvichibvira yetsiva dzakabatana.

Ndizvo anofanira kudanana vakawanda kanda chitundumuseremusere wemuTesitamende Russia. Photos dzinokurukurwa nyaya yavo, kuitira kuti unogona Gadzira anofungidzirwa pfungwa simba ravo.