Rarama nokuda Ndimi: nhoroondo decadence

Wanda uye zvinonakidza shoko "decadence" anozivikanwa kwete chete nokuda inozivikanwa mutsetse kubva rwiyo ne Agatha Christie "chinodhaka munhu." Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana, vanhu kwaireva kuti shoko refu tambo tsika zviitiko kubva nguva mifananidzo dzimwe kufamba evanhu kuti nokupinza zvinhu decadence. Vanorarama wakatsemuka nokurwadziwa, unopinza pamucheto reza wakarodzwa pana Kolko Loose magirazi - Ndivo hunhu decadence, achiri zvichikonzera zvakavanzika kana pachena kufarira.

Nyaya decadence, sezvo tinozviziva nhasi, kwete akatanga kare, asi rine mavara mienzaniso uye kurondedzerwa unhu. Nemisere uye namapfumbamwe remakore - nenguva kukuru kuchinja uye iyi rinobva nyaya "aesthetes wakaora" nokuputsa kwakajairika miganhu, nhoroondo decadence.

Kokutanga rokuti "decadence" rakashandiswa sechiratidzo nemagariro mananara muUmambo hweRoma, anouya kubva muchiLatin uye French decadentia décadence, izvo zvinoreva kuchembera, kuwa. Zvisinei Decadence Now kuzvibatanidza pamwe gothic subculture, , tsanangudzo iyi hachisi chokwadi zvachose. Mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore, vanyori zhinji, tichibatanidza basa rake zvimwe zvezvidzidzo okufananidzira, aestheticism uye romanticism, vakawana achifuridzirwa nemabasa Edgara Alana Poe - munyori ichangobva kutaurwa dzoga, uyewo zvinonzi "Gothic nganonyorwa." dzakaora Uzivi anosanganisa munhu rokusika vataure chokwadi, iri kutsvaka kusinga yakanaka doldrums: rufu, tariro, chivi utere. Dzakaora tsika nemagariro kunoratidzwa rusununguko unhu, renunciation kuti kazhinji kugamuchirwa tsika dzemunharaunda uye pfungwa, rusununguko mafungiro uye mararamiro, uyewo vasiri kubvuma pfungwa yepasi pachayo. Saka, mazuva gothic, chete woga unhu decadence, asi izvi pfungwa havasi zvakafanana.

The nokukurumidza Kugadzirwa pfungwa decadence rakatanga mushure kwouzivi uye nhoroondo yakanyorwa "Kufunga pamusoro zvinokonzera ukuru kuwa nevaRoma." Mariri, Charles-Lui De Montesquieu, anozivikanwa panguva muzivi French uye munyori, anoyeuka rusununguko uye tichishingaira rakabatanidzwawo vanhu muupenyu paruzhinji, sechivimbiso kukura kwenzanga. Muenzaniso hweRoma, Montesquieu anoti chete yakazvimirira ezvinhu, iro rakachengetwa pachavo rusununguko vemo, unogona kukunda kubudirira, mune zvimwe zviitiko, nzanga chichatadza kuora uye degeneration. Gare gare mazwi aya - kuderera uye degeneration - akapinda kushandiswa mabhuku vatsoropodzi. Zvisinei, vanyori nguva havana kunyara yavo "dzakaora mweya." Mukupesana, vanodada naye.

Saka decadence kusina kunyomba izwi, uye akava chiratidzo chokupandukira uye okusika ratidziro. Sezvo pasocial chakajairika nayo Anotumbuka mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore - zviri iyi kunosiya rondedzero 'dzakaora Movement mu Literature "Artura Saymonsa, kuti yokufungidzira" The Picture of Dorian Gray "by Oscar Wilde, zvakakonzera vaipiwa gakava muEngland, uye mupenyu pachake revatongi decadence inova Robert of Montesquiou, franztsuzsky munyori uye kuchitsigira esthete akasika dandyism uye uri manyorerwo hwake. Panguva iyoyo kurimwa pfungwa aesthetics, vakasununguka-chimiro akavamba pamusoro kugutsikana, upenyu nokuda kworunako, akanaka uye utere, pamwe vanyori dzakaora simbisa kuti iwe chechokwadi havadikanwi kuti ndikwane fomu tsika. Chaizvoizvo, chero tsika akaronga, mumagariro kugamuchirwa, kurambwa uye vaiona usingachashandi.

Kubvira decadence zvinopfuura unyanzvi uye akava kuzvimiririra, manzwiro uye uzivi. Mariri, kwete chete kuziva zvinoitwa okufananidzira, romanticism, individualism, asiwo aesthetics, dandyism, gentility. Around ichi nguva decadence raiva pokutangira modernism. Great rokuchinja muuzivi aestheticism uye decadence aiva Oskar Uayld, inozivikanwa kwete chete nokuda kwayo nyaya kunanga uye kwakasara uye chibhende maonero enyika, asi capacious kunyora okusuma kusvika reissue yake "Portrait of Dorian Gray" yokufungidzira. Mairi, iye zvakawanda uye zvakarurama anotaurawo pfungwa chikuru aesthetics, rakanga vakazvipira upenyu hwake hwose; munyori anobvumirwa kumiririra chinhu nemabasa, uye mutevedzeri, unzenza, uyewo simba, kuchena - chete hwaro basa rake. Sezvo akasimbisa Wilde, mune hapana pfungwa unzenza, pane chete unyanzvi kana mediocre zvamarudzi vaurayiwe.

Kuwedzera Wilde, kuderera nenguva richipenya dzichipesana nhamba akadai Ernest Dowson, Sharl Bodler, Zinaida Gippius, Marie Corelli nevamwe zvinozarurwa kucherechedzwa uye achiri chokuita ine rima chakaremara zviratidzo decadence :. Absinthe, humburumbira, masutu, accented runako rakabatanidzwa padikidiki oneka, uye kana netsaona kuregeredza, refu kukurukurirana pamusoro uri uye upenyu rimwe zuva. Decadence hakusi yaingowanikwa chemaneka, asi chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo pretentiousness, affectation, vaone mwoyo, nyama mashoko, wemishonga chando uye revatongi unopfuta manzwiro - mumwe hunhu decadence.

Zvisaririra yekare decadence vakanzwa uye ikozvino; mimhanzi yake aesthetics vaishandisa Obermaneken, Cabaret Pierrot Le fou, Agata Kristi, Vakafa Vanogona Dance, Marilyn Manson. Mubasa kare simba dandyism vakawanda uye zvikurukuru decadence zvakajeka zvikuru kurondwa pamusoro album The Golden Age Of zvokufananidzira.

Mazuva ano decadence yakawanda Retro glamour uye gothic, asi kuzvipira kuna yekare dzakaora nounyanzvi yakatobuda kukanganwika. Nhasi ndiyo imwe chete chimiro anoedzesera, kubatanidza se "mutambo kuderera": iri tariro mwoyo, wakaora ruoko-wringing uye nyepera ropa pamusoro pamaoko ake kuzviuraya. Romanticizing yerima uye rufu achiri chinokonzera hanya, asi ane ichikosha kuti chikuru kubudirira kare shure kwedu, uye narwo akanyangarika muitiro kunounza upenyu unyanzvi uye kuti unyanzvi hwake.