Pyrometer - chii ichocho? Kwete kusangana nepromrometer

Munguva pfupi, chigadzirwa, chinonzi "pyrometer", chakashandiswa zvikuru. Chii icho chigadzirwa uye chii chaicho chiripo? Chinangwa chayo ndechokuyera kutonhora kwechinhu pane imwe nzvimbo iri kure.

Nekubatsira kwepromrometer zvinogona kuwanikwa nenzira yakachengeteka nzira dzekushisa kwezvinhu zvakaoma-kusvika-kusvika kana zvinopisa, saka ivo ndivo vanobatsira zvakakosha mune ipi zvayo yekugadzirwa kwemabhizimisi. Mushure mezvose, kune nguva zhinji mamiriro ezvinhu apo zvisingakwanisi kuswedera kune chimwe chinhu chekuyera, kana chinokonzera ngozi kune hutano hwevanhu.

A bit of history

Pirogiramu yekutanga (chiyi ichi chidimbu, chiverengwa pasi apa) chakagadzirwa neDutch physicist Peter van Mushenbrookt. Izvozvi zvigadzirirwe zvinogona kuongoridza kutsetseka kwemiviri inooneka. Iko kuverenga kukuru kwakaitwa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa dheta pamusoro pekushanduka kwemavara uye kujeka kwechinhu chinonzi incandescent. Zvechokwadi, idzi nhamba dzakanga dzisiri yakakwana zvakakwana. Panguva ino yemazuva ano, kushanda kwezvigadzirwa zvakadai zvakawedzerwa zvakanyanya, zvakabvumira kuyera kutonhora kwezvinhu zvisiri izvo chete zvinopisa, asiwo izvo zvinhu izvo iyo index haina kupfuura 0 degrees. Semuenzaniso, Optris infrared pyrometer matanho ekupisa-kusvika ku 900 ^° C.

Iyo yakakwana yezviridzwa izvi yakatanga mumakumi makumi matanhatu ezana remakore rechina. Dare rakapiwa rakabudirira rinobudirira uye zvino. Kuvonga nekubudirira kwekushanda, zvakava nyore kugadzira mapurogiramu emabhizimisi, ayo akange akashongedzerwa nehupamhi hwehutsika. Panguva imwe chete nekuvandudzwa kwe nanotechnology, ukuru hwezvigadzirwa zvakava zviduku gore negore, izvo zvakaita kuti kushandiswa kwavo zvive nyore sezvinogona.

Iko muenzaniso wekutanga wepirometer yakagadziridzwa muna 1967 nekambani inotungamira muAmerican company Wahl. Yakashanda semuenzaniso wezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano. Kuiswa kwehutano hutsva uye kubudirira kwakabvumirwa kuvandudza basa re pyrometer. Mutemo wayo mukuru wakabva pakugadziriswa kwesimba rinopisa iro icho chakanga chapiswa. Nekutsanangurwa kwakakura kwezvigadzirwa izvi, zvakava nyore kugona kure kurema kwekushisa kwemvura uye miviri yakasimba.

The thermometer-pyrometer inorondedzerwa nhasi maererano nemitemo yakawanda inokosha. Ngatitarise kwavari zvakadzama.

Main features

Nechirevo ichi, mitatu mikuru inogona kusiyaniswa:

• Kujeka. Icho kutonhora kwechinhu chinopisa chinotsanangurwa nekuenzanisa ruvara rwavo uye mumvuri wekutsvaga tsvimbo.
• Radiation. Izvozvo zvinokonzera kutengesa kwechimwe chinhu maererano nesimba remhepo yakatsva.
• Muvara. Iyi shanduro yemutambo inoongorora kutonhora kwechinhu ichi zvichienderana nehuvara hunofananidzwa nehupamusoro pamitambo yakasiyana-siyana.

Kutsigira hurefu

Kuti uwane kutonhora kwakarurama, zvinokosha kuti usarudze pyrometer yakakodzera. Izvi zvinorevei? Iyi faira ine marudzi maviri ekugadzirisa:

• Low-temperature. Pikrometer yemhando iyi inokwanisa kuenzanisa chete kutonhora kusina zvinhu.
• Zvakakwirira-kutonhora. Izvi zvinongororwa chete kuongorora zvinhu zvinopisa. Saka, imwe yemiganhu inokosha zvikuru yezvigadzirwa zvakadaro ndiyo inopera kuyerwa kwekushisa.

Rudzi rwekufa

A pyrometer isina kubatana inosarudzwa maererano nehuwandu hwekuenda kune imwe nzvimbo:

1. Mienzaniso inotakura ndeye rudzi rwehupfumi rwezvigadzirwa izvi. Zvinhu zvakadaro zvakakosha apo, kana uchiyera kutonhora kwechinhu, hazvibviri kuchitaura zvakakwana. Pyrometer yemhando iyi yakagadzirwa nekanyoro kadiki inokubvumira kuti uratidze mavara uye ruzivo ruzivo.
2. Inotakura zvigadzirwa. Pirometer yemhando yepamusoro inoshandiswa pakuyera zvakakwana. Zvigadzirwa zvakadaro zvinotarisirwa nemabhizimisi makuru emabhizimisi, uko nguva dzose kuongororwa kwemazinga ekushisa kwekugadzirwa kunodiwa.

Nhungamiro: Zvakakosha kubhadhara ma pyrometer infrared kune vashandi vanoita mitambo yekushisa kakawanda, vasati vatenga chigadzirwa. Hazvikuvadzi kufananidza zvinhu zvikuru uye mari yezviverengero zvakasiyana zviripo pamusika. Pasi pane tsanangudzo pfupi yemarudzi mana emakiromita emhepo.

Monochrome mienzaniso

Infrared (one-color) pyrometer yakagadzirirwa kuyera imwe chete yemhepo inopisa. Izvi zvinotengeswa zvisingadhuri, izvo zvinoshandiswa zvakanaka. Nheyo yebasa ravo iri nyore kwazvo: ingorongedza pyrometer pane chimwe chinhu uye chengetedza bhatani rinoenderana. Nzira yavo isingafungidziki ndeyekwanisi yekuita mitengo yekushisa kubva chero nzvimbo ipi zvayo.

Izvo zviridzwa zvinokanganisa mukuyera upamhi hwenzvimbo yacho, uye zvinonyanya kuratidza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Izvo zvikanganiso izvi zvinonyanya kuderedza kuwanda kwekushanda kwavo, somuenzaniso, mune imwe nzvimbo inopisa kana inonyorova, imwe-mavara pyrometer haigoni kushanda zvakanaka.

Infrared thermocouples

Imwe yezvinyorwa zvisiri nyore zve infrared pyrometer ndiyo thermocouple. Chinhu chinokosha chechigadzirwa ichi ndechokushaikwa kwezvinhu zvakaoma zvemagetsi, izvo zvinoshandiswa kuwedzera chiratidzo chinogamuchirwa. Ichi ndicho chakava chikonzero chayo chisingaoneki, icho chakapa mukana wakasiyana wekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa ichi. Nheyo yekushanda kwe thermocouple iri nyore: mazai anoguma anoshandurwa kuva chiratidzo chetromo nonlinear.

Kubatsirwa:

• Low cost;
• Kugona kwakanaka nezviridzwa;
• Iyo yejiji yepamusoro yakakwirira kune yeimwe mhando.

Uyezve kukoshesa kuterera kutadza. Pamwechete, pane maviri chete kwavari:

• Kukanganisa kupfuura 2%;
• Wide spectral range.

Mira-miviri-pyrometer - chii ichocho?

Iyi sarudzo yakaonekwa munguva pfupi yapfuura. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso wakafambira mberi unoyera kukosha kwemaviri kana kupfuura mamwe mazaisai akajeka. Kubatsira kwepirometer yemirasi miviri, iyo inonyanya kusiyanisa kubva kumagadzirirwo emagetsi, ndiko kukwanisa kushanda mumatara akasiyana- siyana. Izvi zviratidzo zvinoshandisa kushandisa chigadzirwa ichi munzvimbo dzakasvibiswa, sezvo zvisingabatanidzwi nekuvapo kwezvinhu zvekunze, zvakadai seutsi, gasi, steam nevamwe. Uyewo, iyi pyrometer inokosha mukushanda nezviratidzo zvekutsva, inonyatsotsanangura kutonhora kwesimbi yakasimba, iyo inoshanduka kuva mamiriro emvura.

Fiber optic pyrometer

Nheyo yekushanda kwezvigadzirwa izvi zvakafanana nemapiromitare emagariro. Musiyano wacho uripo chete muhupo hwe fiber optic cable, iyo iyo chiedza chekuyeresa chinotakurwa. Kubatsira kwekugadzirisa uku ndiko kuti tambo inogona kugadziriswa. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuyera kutonhora munzvimbo dzisingasvikiki.

Fiber-optic pyrometer inowanzoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasimudza mashizha emagetsi, uko mitambo yemagariro isina simba zvachose. Zvigadzirwa zvakadaro zvakagadziriswa zvakananga. Iko inokubvumira kuti uone mihizha yehutu hwemhepo ine huwandu hwemaita mapaundi e1 mm. Zvisinei, chinangwa ichocho chinogadzirisa miganhu iri kure: kuti chiyero chakanaka chinodikanwa kutevera zvakakwana kureba kunotsanangurwa mumirayiridzo.

Laser Pyrometer

Kuti zvienzane nechokuita kure, vaiti vekugadzira vakaisa ma- laser maonero pa pyrometer . Vanouya nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana.

1. A laser device ine imwe bhuru inoita kuti zvikwanise kurongedza pyrometer chete pakati penzvimbo yemhepo inopisa. Zvichienderana nemhando yezviridzwa izvi, kunzwisiswa kwenzvimbo kunogona kuva nekanganiso ye 1-2 cm. Kukanganisa kwakadaro kunowanzowanikwa muzvinhu zvisingadhura.
2. Pyrometer laser ine bhiri mbiri inokubvumira kuti uone ukuru uye nzvimbo yechinhu chakayera. Shandisa pedyo hazvikurudzirwi, sezvo zviratidzo zvinowanzoratidzwa.
3. Zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana ndizvo zvakanyatsoshanda zviridzwa, zvinobudirira kushanda pamakwikwi akasiyana uye nemhando ipi zvayo yenzvimbo iri kuyerwa.

Mirayiridzo

Paunenge uchitenga chigadzirwa ichi, zvakakosha kutarisa kana pane bhuku rekudzidzisa. Pyrometer iyi chinhu chakaoma, saka zvingava zvakaoma kunzwisisa mabasa kusununguka. Mirayiridzo inotsanangura pfungwa dzinokosha dzinodikanwa pakushanda zvakanaka. Heano mamwe acho:

• Zvinyorwa uye software;
• Data pamusoro pezvikanganiso;
• Index of inertia;
• Type of focus;
• Kutsigira hurumende;
• Rwendo rwekuona;
• Coefficient of radiation, etc.

Kushandiswa kwemapiromita

Inonzi pyrameter pyrometer inowanzoshandiswa mumakambani akasiyana-siyana:

• Muhutu hwemhepo inotyisa - kana zvisingakwanisi kutaura nechinhu chakatsamwa;
• Mune magetsi emagetsi emagetsi - pyrometer inoshandiswa pakuenderera mberi kuongororwa kwezvinhu uye nekuchengetedza kuchengetedza moto munguva yekushanda kwavo;
• Mune zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvebhroreta - kana pasina kukwanisa kubata chinhu chiri pasi pekudzidza, kana kana kuyerwa kwekushisa kwaro kusingagoni kuitwa nenzira inowanzoitwa;
• Mukuvaka - mapirometer anoshandiswa kutsvaga nzvimbo dzekushisa kupisa mudzimba uye zvivako zvekugara uye kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi, pamwe nekupisa mazai kuitira kuti nokukurumidzira kuona kupera.