Psychological Dzidziso Mutemo. Psychological Dzidziso nemitemo mavambo

hurumende sei? Chii chiri chaizvo? Chii kodzero? dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana nedzidziso vakaberekerwa mhinduro iyi nemimwe mibvunzo yakawanda. Range Large dzidziso zvakabatana kuti muzvizhinji maonero masayendisiti panyaya iyi, uyewo pakawanda ari chinonakidza. Huru dzidziso achitsanangura chidzoke wenyika, zvinofanira kusanganisira yebhaibheri, yemadzitateguru, makemikari, zvoupfumi, contractual, uye dzimwe pfungwa.

Maererano pfungwa mutemo, pfungwa pamusoro wayo akavamba zvakabatana chaizvo kuti pfungwa yokuva rudzi. Kune redzidziso yezvouMwari, dzidziso dzinongoitika kodzero, dzinongoitika mutemo dzidziso normativistkaya dzidziso uye, chokwadi, mupfungwa. Scientist uye muzivi Lev Iosifovich Petrazhitsky vakava dzidziso rokupedzisira. Psychological Pfungwa wehurumende uye mutemo ndiye kubvuma kuti hurumende yakaumbwa mumakore weboka nzanga pamusoro kuratidzwa maviri nomumwe zvinhu: kuti kuzviisa pasi uye kuzvidzora.

Musimboti dzidziso

Vanhu vane mupfungwa vanofanira kurarama mukati munharaunda, ane pfungwa seboka kwokukurukurirana. Vateveri maonero ichi vaine vanhu uye pfungwa mugumisiro pachavo mukukurukurirana, vanhu, uye siyana mibatanidzwa, ivo zvakasikwa. Society uye guru ndiwo mugumisiro wacho Implementation zvakasikwa nomumwe zvinodiwa imwe sangano.

Psychological Dzidziso Mutemo. vamiririri

Mukutanga Russian musayendisiti rechimakumi maviri remakore L. I. Petrazhitsky yakatanga dzidziso kwakabva ehurumende. In papepa, akaudzwa basa "Pfungwa wehurumende uye mutemo chokuita dzidziso dzetsika." Ndivo vateveri dzidziso A. Ross, M. Reisner, G. Gurvich. Munyori ari mupfungwa Pfungwa mutemo akazvarwa muna 1867 mumhuri chakanaka Polish. L. I. Petrazhitsky kudzidza paYunivhesiti Kiev, uye pashure pokudzidza panguva Roman Seminary muGermany. Mushure nokudzidziswa, akadzokera Russia, uko akadzidza mukuru dzidziso mutemo. Mukutanga ramakumi remakore, masayendisiti rakabudiswa maviri basa yakadhindwa, iro synthesized ari zvepfungwa pane dzidziso simba.

Psychological Dzidziso mutemo yakatanga pamusoro akawanda mwedzi:

1. Kubva 1897 kusvika 1900. Munyori zvedzidziso akanyora basa rake zvesayenzi rokutanga. Work achiteverwa mafomu anoverengeka. The chikuru zvokudya dzidziso L. I. Petrazhitsky akaratidza mubhuku 1900 "Essays pamusoro Uzivi Mutemo."

2. Kubva 1900 kusvika 1905. Masayendisiti atanga kukudziridza hwakadzama nzira dzokudzidzisa yavo yemberi. The nesimba kwakaratidzwa basa "Introduction kuti kudzidza mutemo uye tsika. Emotional zvepfungwa. "

3. Kubva 1905 kusvika 1909. L. I. Petrazhitsky akatora mudziyo rakabatana gadziriro zivo pamutemo inobva kare dzakabudirira nzira. basa rake dzakanyatsoumbwa ari maviri mavhoriyumu manyoro "Pfungwa wehurumende uye mutemo chokuita dzidziso dzetsika." Pakudhinda bhuku rokupedzisira chaiva chiitiko chaicho mumabhuku nyika.

Anotsvaka E. N. Trubetskogo uye M. A. Reysnera

Muzivi uye jurist E. Trubetskoy anotaura kuti yokubatana - ndicho chikuru chinokosha munhu. Vanhu vanosiyana dzavo mupfungwa maitiro uye kuratidzwa muviri simba. At mwoyo kuziva vamwe vanhu ndiko kunzwisisa maererano vepamusoro, kuti legality vamwe dzakasiyana mafungiro nezviito chinowedzera mweya yavo pfungwa kugadzikana uye akadzikama. Chikamu vanhu akasiyana wechipiri vanoda muchamanikidza vamwe zvaanoda. vanhu vakadaro vanova vatungamiri munzanga.

Socio-mupfungwa kusvika kumubvunzo kwakabva simba yakavhurwa Reisner. In ake pfungwa, chikuru chakaita paumbwe dzematongerwe kweumambo, iyo anoronga nemagariro upenyu. Muzivi vaidavira kuti huru kunobva voruzhinji ndiyo vakawanda psyche vanhu. Kudzidza paumbwe munyika vasinganyatsoziva chepfungwa zvakaitika, izvo vakaumba dzematongerwe enyika, uye kuongorora maitiro evanhu. Hurumende, maererano masayendisiti, yaisanganisira vanhu, ndima uye simba. It mudzidziso enyika yose dzematongerwe, kureva simba rudzi, ugandanga, mari uye chitendero, akatungamirirwa rworudyi-bapiro dzidziso. Hurumende zvakagadzirwa kuzadziswa paruzhinji zvitendero, dzemunharaunda uye mitemo, ndiro vairaramiswa rakasiyana-siyana simba.

The chikuru zvokudya dzidziso mutemo

Psychological Dzidziso Mutemo L. Petrazhitsky rine pfungwa dzinotevera:

1. Masayendisiti zvaisanganisira kodzero akanaka, uye nzwisisa. Pamutemo Chiito wokutanga mamiriro, kana yechipiri ndiwo musimboti wenyika psyche vanhu, uye uwandu nezvakaitika mapoka uye shamwari.
2. mutemo Positive - rikaiswa neHurumende, ari muparamende huripo mirayiro.
3. Zvose mupfungwa inoti ndiyo huru dzevanhu manzwiro kuti ikurudzire kuita chiito. Kana kuvaka ukama nevamwe vanhu munhu anobva nzwisisa kurudyi. Izvi mhando tsanangudzo, hachishandi vaiona kuti ichokwadi, sezvo inokurudzira akazvimirira uye simba-zvinodiwa zviito.

Vagadzirisane pakati zviviri zvinokonzera pamagariro evanhu. Panyaya iyi, kodzero nezvaanoita somumwe mananara vanoziva remangwana kana zvinofunga upenyu munzanga, inova rokumanikidzirwa, vachirayira ruzivo vanhu.

Psychological Dzidziso Mutemo. tsoropodzo

Chero dzidziso ine zvose vatsigiri uye vaimupikisa. Dzidziso iyi yave vakashorwa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Saka, kutaura nezvebasa mupfungwa zvinoratidza panguva paumbwe hurumende haana kupiwa yakazara tsanangudzo panzvimbo pfungwa kukura simba. All chete unhu vaionekwa uye akataura manzwiro kana mafungiro. Psychological Dzidziso Mutemo haibatanidzi ruzivo kuti wacho psyche akakamurwa zvitatu: mupfungwa, simba kwake. Pahwaro azvino akasimbisa ukama uye anovaka evanhu Pyramid, inova hwaro paumbwe hurumende. Vanhu vane simba kuda simba vave vatungamiri munzanga.

Psychological dzidziso kwakabva mutemo kunosanganisira kuzvipira yokubatana vanhu. Asi chaizvoizvo, pfungwa iri groundless. Kupiwa zvakakwana zviitiko zvizere kurega vanhu pedyo. The Vanyori kupa dzidziso inokosha kukosha mune paumbwe hurumende mupfungwa zvinhu, ndiko kukwana vakapiwa mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.

kukudzwa nedzidziso

Psychological Dzidziso mutemo zvakabatana chaizvo pauzima inotungamirwa mashandiro pamusoro pamutemo maitiro. Kana tama nhamba yemirau repamutemo munyika unhu chaiko maitiro wacho zvakaitika mupfungwa nomunhu ave wokupedzisira kubatana, zvakananga uchikurukura mamwe maitiro. Mutemo anogona kudzora maitiro chete kuburikidza nepfungwa uye mupfungwa bhora. Saka, mupfungwa dzidziso kwakabva kodzero kufungawo pachako zvechadenga vanhu, basa kururamisira murau dzokusimukira ukama.

Kwouzivi uye methodological nheyo

Munyori dzidziso muchiedza hunhu nekodzero kutevera dzidziso dzakanaka uzivi. Kutora zvinokosha kosi, L. I. Petrazhitsky wedzera ndangariro dzenyu yepakutanga. Scientific rutsigiro akarurama pfungwa kodzero kubva mamiriro wacho rusununguko, zvisinei, haana kuramba kukosha nhaka nemagariro. Akatsvaka kuti pave dzidziso simba, iyo aigona kuve methodological hwaro Russian nzanga kururamisira uye mutemo nenyanzvi.

Kufurirwa manzwiro

A zvikuru basa sechinhu mhando chakajairika ose pamutemo zvakaitika ibasa L. I. Petrazhitsky mukudzidzisa kwake. Psychological Dzidziso mutemo kusiyanisa maviri mhando manzwiro: aesthetic uye zvetsika. Chokutanga chinongoitwa kazhinji mhinduro zviito zvevanhu pamusoro zviitiko zvakasiyana kuitika, kana pamusoro ehupfumi zvinhu. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti zvakasiyana pfungwa dzakasiyana nemanzwiro aya kuchibva yetsika kunotenderwa muvanhu.

Yetsika manzwiro akadai tinonzwa, basa, kudzora unhu wacho. Ivo vanoonekwa ne ehupfumi dzakadai authoritarianism, kuratidzwa kwehana, chipingamupinyi vakasununguka kusarudza uye kumanikidzirwa "akarurama" maitiro. L. I. Petrazhitsky chinosiyanisa mhando mbiri sungiro - tsika uye zviri pamutemo. Wokutanga vakasununguka noruremekedzo mumwe. Legal - maonero mabasa inokurukurwa kuti kubatanidzwa nerimwe.

yetsika

Kuwedzera mabasa kuti munhu anoita, muzivi uyewo kufunga yetsika. Akavanzwisawo rakakamurwa marudzi anoverengeka. Chokutanga anonzi "tsika". Ivo vanofanira unilaterally vanosimbirira dzakazvimirira pachinhu mamwe mabasa, zvinoda munhu anozivikanwa maitiro. Mienzaniso zvinodiwa zvakadai ndiyo mitemo kwetsika echiKristu kuti kutsanangura mabasa kurutivi muvakidzani pasina kutaura aurayiwe kwakavafadza. Chechipiri mhando zvinosanganisira fanira vanonzwisisa tarisiro dzemunharaunda kuti amise basa vamwe munzanga, avape Implementation uye vamwe. Chii basa oga, zvinonzi vakatenda mamwe serinokosha basa navo.

mhedziso

Kwesangano nemamiriro hurumende akazviratidza paneimwewo padanho kukura vanhu. The zvinokonzera kukundikana ichi akasiyana zvinhu, zvakadai utachiona, ezvoupfumi, zvechitendero, uye mupfungwa, nyika. Dzidziso kutsanangura paumbwe hurumende, vazhinji, mumwe haareururi chimwe zvinobvira zvinoumba kwacho. Asi havagoni vanoti zvizere rwakatwasuka. Yeuka kuti mafungiro uye nepfungwa unhu evanhu inoumbwa Zvakaitwa enyika, mauto, hupfumi, magariro, pakunamata uye zvechitendero zvinhu.