Phenotypic kushanduka uye ayo zvivako

Phenotypic kushanduka - rinokosha chaizvo kwacho unobvumira muviri anogona kupona. Zviri ngaaongwe kwaari kuti anokwanisa ajairane dzezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu.

First nadzurudzo variability ezvinhu zvipenyu kwave akacherechedza mune zvidzidzo naCharles Darwin. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti imhaka pane wechisikigo kusarudzwa muna dzomusango.

Phenotypic kushanduka chacho chikuru unhu

Hazvina chakavanzika kuti panguva Kushanduka zvipenyu zviri dzichichinja, achichinja kuita kurarama munguva kunze zvakatipoteredza. The chidzoke itsva kwemarudzi apiwa zvinoverengeka - kuchinja nhaka zvinhu mamiriro (genotypic variability), uyewo chakaita zvivako zvitsva, zvaakatadzisa zvimwe muviri kana kuchinja mamiriro dzezvakatipoteredza.

Phenotypic kushanduka ane dzakawanda zvinhu:

• Chekutanga, chimiro ichi chete kukanganiswa phenotype - kuva chitarisiko zvatariswa uye zvivako mupenyu muviri. Genetic zvinhu haachinji. Somuenzaniso, vanhu vaviri mhuka vanogara munharaunda dzakasiyana, vane zvimwe kusiyana kwechitarisiko, pasinei nokuti fanana genotype.
• Ukuwo, mashoko phenotypic variability ane boka hunhu. Zvakachinja marongerwo uye zvivako zviri zvipenyu zvose zvaitika pamamiriro vemo. Enzanisa kuchitaura kuti kuchinja kuti genotype kuti kuroorwa uye kwatangwa.
• Nadzurudzo variability reversible. Kana ukabvisa avo chaiyo zvinhu kwakamutsa maitiro pamusoro chikamu chomuviri, pamusoro nguva zvinhu zvichapera.
• Phenotypic kuchinja hadzina nhaka, kusafanana nemagene okunatsiridza.

Phenotypic variability uye mwero kuita

Sezvambotaurwa, kune phenotypic kuchinja hakusi nemhaka ipi magene nadzurudzo. Chokutanga matambudziko genotype sei dzezvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Muchiitiko chino, kwete pachake yakatarwa majini, asi kusimba zviratidzo zvavo.

Chokwadi, kuchinja kwakadaro vane mitemo yavo vanonzi kwomuzvarirwo. Kwomuzvarirwo - zvakawanda zvose zvinobvira Misiyano iyo anosarudza nzira avo chete kuti achava akakodzera mashoko mune zvimwe zvinhu. zvazvingava Izvi zvinoenderana kungobva genotype, uye ane yayo okumusoro nemiganhu.

Phenotypic kushanduka uye ayo kupatsanura

Chokwadi, typology kuti variability ihama chaizvo, sezvo zvose kwemasayendisiti uye nzendo okukura ane muviri vachiri kwete aizvinzwisisa. Zvisinei, okunatsiridza vari mapoka mapoka, zvichienderana mamwe maitiro.

Kana isu kufunga achinja nezviratidzo muviri, vanogona kukamurwa kuva:

• Morphological (dzakachinja chitarisiko chomuviri, semuenzaniso, arambe achirema uye Ruvara dzemakwai).
• Vasiri (pane kuchinja muviri uye vasiri maitiro ane muviri, zvakadai somunhu, vanokwira makomo, nhamba matsvuku masero inowedzerawo zvinoshamisa).

By chinguva oga okunatsiridza:

• Noninheritable - kuchinja varipo mune munhu chete chete kana vakawanda, vakanga zvakananga sei nokuda kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza.
• Long-rokuti nadzurudzo - kutaura nezvavo kana vawana kwadzakabva mwana zvitange uye inochengeterwa kwemimwezve zvizvarwa 1-3.

Kunewo mamwe marudzi phenotypic variability, izvo hamuneni zvakafanana ukoshi:

• Nadzurudzo - kuchinja kuti kuuya muviri kushandisa, kuchinja uye zvinopa zvakajairika inoshanda mune zvakatipoteredza.
• Morphosis - avo kuchinja phenotype, izvo kuitika pasi pokudzora nehasha, zvakanyanyisa dzezvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Pano variability anoenda kure mhiri ndozvakajairwa nazvo , uye kungatoita kuti rufu nhengo.