Pablo Neruda: A pfupi Biography, nhetembo zvinhu uye. GBOU lyceum № 1568 anonzi Pablo Neruda

Ilya Ehrenburg akatumidza nyanduri yedzinofadza murume munyika. With kuti ruzha iwayo, zvisinei, unogona kunyange kubvumirana. Pashure Neruda muupenyu hwake akanga sechinhu enzvimbo Latin dzeAmerica. Mune USSR, waivawo rudo. Top Vashanduri akashanda magwaro ake. Unoda kuziva zvakawanda nezvazvo? Zvadaro verenga nyaya ino.

Hupenyu Pablo Neruda akapfuma nechitarisiko zviitiko. Akaberekwa Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basualto - ndiro zita chairo Nyanduri - muguta Parral, nechepakati chikamu Chile. chiitiko ichi chakaitika July 12, 1904.

Rakatanga nyanduri

baba vake aiva kondakita - Akaperekedzwa chitima akaitakudza nejecha. mai vake vakafa tibhii mwedzi pashure mwanakomana. Baba vakaroorwazve, uye mhuri akatamira kuguta Temuco, riri zvishoma kusvika kumaodzanyemba. Pane mukomana akakura. Pablo Neruda rakaramba ndangariro vanoonga pamusoro vokurera. Akanyora kuti waiva mutsa mukadzi zvinyoronyoro uyo akabata murimi mudiki zvinosetsa. Akanga aigara fussed uye aimutarisira vose.

Education panguva lycee

Muna 6 Makore, mwana wacho akaendeswa kuchikoro chesekondari. Zvishoma nezvishoma, Pablo Neruda aifarira kuverenga, ndakatanga anyore pachake. First nhetembo rakabudiswa mumapepanhau, apo vachiri kudzidza Lyceum. Panguva kuti zita remadunhurirwa rokuti akaberekwa - achiedza kuvanza enhetembo zvidzidzo kubva baba vake, avo vakaona mavari mhaka chisingaperi neuspevaniya mwanakomana masvomhu. The zita akasarudzwa pasi pakarepo - Pablo aida rimwe nyaya Czech Classics remakore rapfuura Yana Nerudy, uye mukomana haana kunzwisisa nhamo uye kuva Neruda. Gare gare zita iri rakanga yakachengeterwa pake yepamutemo chiito - waibatanidzwa ari pasipoti.

Mubayiro First, wokutanga muunganidzwa

Panopera chiso jaya akatamira Santiago ndokupinda Pedagogical Institute, uyo akanga ari Moscow University. Pano akadzidza Chirungu uye chiFrench. Ipapo Pablo Neruda akahwina mubayiro wokutanga kuti detembo inonzi "Holiday Rwiyo" iri mudzidzi makwikwi. A Neruda-makore 19 aiva munyori nhetembo muunganidzwa "muThe kuvira kwezuva," mari inoshandiswa raakanga akabhadhara nokutengesa anosiririsa pfuma. Kunyange ipapo akaratidza ake enhetembo nevakwegura, unhu nedutu - Neruda akayeuka kuti akanyora muna 2, 3, 4 uye kunyange 5 nhetembo pazuva. Kumboda raiva anofudza nhetembo, mudzidzi uye chemufananidzo. Asi zvakadaro izwi kusimba enhetembo haana kupindira kutakura pfungwa huru, rwakazokura ake hwokudhirowa credo. Pablo Neruda akanyora kuti aida kuva nyanduri, izvo vaizoparidzira mubasa rake napo. Aida batanidza zviitiko, chido, hunhu uye murume, uye kuti izvi zvose zvakaratidzwa muna ukama.

Mumakore iwayo chete, Neruda akanga kuda enyika basa, kudhinda nyaya pepanhau iri evanhu, paChikoro basa wezvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa nenzanga mudzidzi.

Mumiriri, kufamba

Kupinda zvizere nzira Institute, Neruda hakuna kukurumidza kutanga kushanda upenyu. Kwenguva refu nguva kuedza kuwana chero nedzenyu post, uye pakupedzisira muna 1927 akava Mumiriri muna Rangoon, guta guru Burma. Izvi "basa" (Iye anoyeuka kuti akanga achangobva mwedzi mitatu kuti tiite mabasa yepamutemo) aigona kunzi ari sinecure, kana iri zvakanaka vanobhadharwa, asi shamwari dzose vaduku vadetembi - urombo - hazvina kupfuura izvozvo pamwe. Neruda ipapo kuchinjirwa kuCeylon (yava - Sri Lanka), naiyewo akashanyira China, Japan, Argentina, etc. East zvakapfumisa maonero enyika, achipa mabasa Neruda kuti yose sezvakaita, mumwe angati - .. yepasi pose, iri maitire mudetembi kurei.

"Residence - Earth"

Wakagadzirwa kuti nemaonero chokuzviona bhuku rakanzi, achiratidza maonero aya: "Residence - Earth". Iye akabuda muna 1935, apo Neruda kare chichiwanikwa ruvara Chilean Mumiriri muMadrid. Zvadaro, mudetembi anoyeuka muunganidzwa ichi, izvo ndokumuisa mbiri kuti ake bhuku izere kurwadziwa brushwork uye chokwadi noupenyu. Friendly Nyaya akapindura Gabriela Mistral, akaona mu "zvikuru expressiveness Neruda" zvaiva National yemo. Anoshandiswa mubhuku rino nzira zvisingatarisirwi vakashinga, zvemasanga associativity Neruda akaramba mune ramangwana.

Political zvaunofarira vavo nechirevo

Sezvo pakutanga Spanish Civil War Neruda riitwe kurwa enyika ari Republican divi, anonyora nhetembo muunganidzwa "Spain mumwoyo". Hurumende Chile ave aionekwa maitiro akadai zvaisaenderana nedzenyu pambiru uye amutamisa kuti pambiru Mumiriri kuParis. Pakazosvika nyonganyonga iri nguva akasiya, uye kare mudetembi akakurumbira anotenga muna Chile, 150 chete kubva muguta guru, mupfumi Villa "Isla negra" (Black Island).

Neruda akava muKomonisiti

Ake netsitsi enyika vari zvishoma kushandurwa - muna 1945 akabatana Communist Party of Chile, uye kubvira 1959 ari nhengo yayo Central Committee. Nokuti Latinos, zvakadai mashoko kunowanzoitika. The zvinokonzera enyika uye zvoupfumi backwardness kunyika kwavo kuona kururama magariro, ukuwo, uye kugadzirisa zviri zvokukurumidzira matambudziko achitarisa chete kuburikidza zvemagariro. For Neruda kuti individualism kuri isingagamuchiriki. At pasi Nobel, akati kuti akasarudza nzira yakaoma, iyo anokamura vanhu mutoro, uye kunamata wacho sezvo pakati zvakasikwa, anoda kuva dzakawanda hondo vaizvininipisa basa, izvo dzimwe nguva kunogona kuva kururama, zvisinei, ichiramba chichienderera mberi.

Panguva iyoyo zvinoita anoramba individualism, nokukwezvwa pfungwa gamba. In ake kuderera makore Neruda akayeuka kuti rima parutivi nguva yacho unhu kapoka hauna kusundwa kupenga mufananidzo Stalin, vaitofanira murume pachake, "Titanic mudziviriri" vechimurenga kuRussia. Kubva ezvinhu kuti pamwe ichi "titanic kuvadzivirira," Neruda vakatsauka kubva panyaya kuti handishanduki musimboti. Saka akagara kusvikira pakuguma.

Kushanda pambiru Senator, kutizira Argentina

Chimwe chezvinhu unoshamisa Zvikamu ari Biography pakati Neruda chokuita post-hondo kumwedzi. Mune musarudzo muna 1947 iye vakatsigira candidacy pamusoro Gonzalez Videla, regai skimp pamusoro chivimbiso. Akava purezidhendi Chile, uye Neruda akasarudzwa kuva Seneta. Zvisinei, mune tsika akaipisisa Latin America, Videla akauya simba, vakatanga kutambudzwa hombe vatsigiri akare, kusanganisira vaKomonisiti. Mukupindura, Neruda aita weSeneti unopinza kutaura iyo, kana asina kudziviswa theatricality, akati "J'accuse!" Sezvo kamwe Zola. Kwapera mwedzi, paiva kusarudza hwaakasungwa. Ndaifanira kuenda vakanovanda, uye ipapo vakapfeka mombe drover, vachimhanya nomumakomo kuArgentina. Upenyu muutapwa ikazara nzendo kunyika dzakasiyana, kusangana World Congress Worugare, nezvakadaro.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Muna 1969, Neruda nominated nokuti musarudzo muna Chile, asi iye anotora mune nyasha Salvador Allende. With kukunda wokupedzisira Neruda anova Ambassador of Chile kuFrance, izvozvo anodzidza mubayiro unonzi Nobel Prize kwaari. Asi kurwara mauto mudetembi kudzokera kumusha. Akafa ari muchipatara yemo mazuva 12 mushure reropa kubvuta masimba ehurumende (23 September 1973).

pekufukunurwa

Zvinofadza kuti anenge makore 40 pashure pokufa kwake, saka muviri kwave pasi pekufukunurwa. Chinangwa chacho chaiva kuziva zvikonzero chaizvo zvakaita kuti rufu nyanduri. Chokwadi chokuti vakawana mubayiro weNobel akafa pasi inoshamisa chaizvo ezvinhu. Akafa mazuva 12 mushure rechiuto junta yakatora simba muChile. The rufu tsamba yaiti kuti chikonzero chacho akashanda se kenza yeprostate. Asi shamwari akapupura kuti maawa mashoma asati afa, Neruda akataura kufamba vakazvimiririra, akanga achifara. rufu rwake wakabva jekiseni, chinoitwa naye kuchipatara. , Kuitwa 2011, kuongorora kwakaratidza kuguma akambochera kuvarapi.

Analysis okugadzira zvinhu Neruda

Mumakore pashure pehondo, Neruda akanga achiri yakawanda kunyora. Pamwe, havana kusikwa, hapana yokudzokorora. mabhuku 40 unoparadzanisa. nhetembo yake mumitauro yakawanda (Italian Salvatore Quasimodo rakashandurwa izvozvo), izvozvo akunda pose kukudzwa, asi akanga nguva pamwe Nyanduri wacho mukurumbira, zvichida penya, asi isuwo "kunyanyisa", ita mhirizhonga, kukodzera. Neruda aigona sokuti zvimwe zvakaoma, izvozvo anenge chinyakare, zvakare asingatani zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe uye verbosity, muna pfupi, mudetembi, uyo pamwe ake chisingarambiki dhigirii asingaiti zvinodiwa nevakawanda kuravidza mabhuku. Saka sokuti vatsoropodzi vakawanda Pablo Neruda.

Zvisinei, mhinduro nezvake, havasi kudaro unequivocal. Vatsoropodzi vanoyambira kuti apa kududzirwa basa Neruda ari pamwe nokuda shanduro: rokuvakazve mabasa ake kune imwe mutauro okunze, hunodzorwa mamwe wokufananidzira siyana - dambudziko rakasiyana kunzwisisa. Zvisinei, muna chiSpanish nyika, nhetembo iyi kazhinji hwakakanyiwa manzwiro vasafara uye ichichiyemura. Juan Ramon Jiménez isati hondo rinonzi Neruda kwete chete se "mudetembi mukuru zvakaipa". Gare gare iye wakachinjwa kuti chirevo, achiti nhetembo Spanish-American kwakazara anoratidza pacharo kumeso, sezvo iye woga ichitanga hunhu, uye metamorphosis rufu uye upenyu kuri mune chaizvo chokwadi pamusoro kondinendi.

Contemporary Latin America inonzi "mukondinendi apo pane mazera ose." Zvaitika uye dzinopikisana, zvechivhurumukira uye kusingadzorwi nhetembo Pablo Nerudy, izvo, sezvataurwa mabhuku, chaitwa kuti inclusiveness uye yakakura anotambura kumhara, kunyura munzvimbo dzakadzika rengano mafungiro uye azere muupenyu nhasi.

Shanduro Pablo Neruda muna Russian

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti shanduro dzose nhetembo Nyanduri mumutauro wokuRussia ndiye kururama chaizvo, pasinei nokuti pamusoro pavo vakashanda zvakanaka vashanduri. Chokwadi chokuti Neruda akashandisa akaoma manyorerwe kunyora - hapana senhetembo, Wavy mitsetse refu, zvakaoma chaizvo kuuraya. Vanachiremba sezvo zvakawanda chechetere ndima, akavaita zvetsika senhetembo. In munda uyu zvikuru kusiyaniswa Margarita Aguilar uye Ilya Ehrenburg. Pablo pachake akanakisisa muturikiri mabasa ake vaiona Pavla Glushko. Asi aikwanisa kuva zvakaipa. Pashure Neruda haana nhaka mutauro Russian.

Russia iri kuratidza kuwedzera kufarira basa nyanduri uyu. Izvi runoratidzwa yokuti mune kukudzwa kwake inonzi dzidzo netsika masangano. MUENZANISO dzimwe nharaunda zvinotora Moscow.

1568 Lyceum anonzi Pablo Neruda

In guru, 17 January 2006 Lyceum yakavhurwa, zita iri kukudzwa nyanduri. Lyceum 1568 Pablo Neruda - ezvinhu kupfungwa rokudzidzisa riri kuitwa zvakadzama kudzidziswa anoranga vadzidzi sciences michina uye zvakasikwa. sangano iri inoremekedzwa iri chepamusoro guru zvikoro pari 16th nzvimbo. Lyceum anonzi Pablo Neruda muna 1568 vakagamuchira akabudirira dzavo dzinovavaraidza Grant Mayor of Moscow (muna 2011-12 uye 2012-13.). Munguva ichangopfuura, muna 2013, chikoro ichi akanga kurongwazve - kuti aite batanidzo dzaro zvikoro nhamba 233, nhamba 307, nhamba 1237, uyewo nhamba kindergartens muna 1606, nhamba 1880, nhamba 1255, nhamba 2145, nhamba 1928.

Today GBOU Lyceum anonzi Pablo Neruda muna 1568 nechinangwa avo vanoda zvakakomba kuita sayenzi yepanyama (kemisitiri, wefizikisi), masvomhu uye ouinjiniya anoranga (science, kuverenga). Zviri zvinhu izvi profile. Vanogona kudzidza zvakadzama, chikoro ichi chesekondari Pablo Neruda. Panguva chinoumba zvidzidzo kudzidza anobudirira, kirasi rakakamurwa mapoka maviri kana matatu. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ine vanhu 10-15. Vadzidzi vanopinda chikoro muna 1568 kwavari. Pablo Neruda, kuruoko desks avo izvi chimwe panguva uye saka agokwanisa yekubata prepodnosimye zvinhu. Uyezve, kujekesa nhau dzakaoma uye zvakawanda zvakadzama kudzidza anoranga vakaronga electives uye vakasununguka yokubvunza. Vaya vanoda kupinda zita Pablo Nerudy chesekondari, unofanira kupfuura pamukova bvunzo uye zvakaitika bvunzurudzo yebasa. Pari, kudzidziswa inoitwa kubva 5th kusvika kugiredhi rechi11. Panovhurwa regadziriro mabasa avo vanoda kunyoresa chesekondari kana kuwana zvizere uye zvakakomba ruzivo. Pablo Neruda School norupo anoudzawo navo hanya nevana.

Zvisinei, chesekondari kwete chete muguta guru rinonzi zita nyanduri kukuru. Panewo raibhurari Pablo Nerudy (nhamba 62). It riri Ul. Iaroslavskaia, 13, dzimba 1 (Metro Enea). Chimwe raibhurari muzita rake - № 187, riri pamusoro Tariro Mira, 180. Zvose izvi kunoratidza kuti munyika yedu pane kufarira zvikuru unhu hwake uye zvinhu uye.