Orlovite ndiyo apuro muti wekuibva kwezhizha zvezhizha. Tsanangudzo yemutsika

Yakagadziriswa mumazana makumi masere ezana remakore rapfuura, makore ekupedzisira aple anonzi Orlovim, akashandurwa kune zvikamu zveCentral Region, nokukurumidza akazviratidza pachake kubva kune zvakanakisisa mativi, achikunda kuonekwa nekuda kwevarimi vekuRussia. Bhuku rino rakazvipira kune zvakakosha uye zvakaderera zvezvibereko zvezvibereko izvi, uyewo kune maitiro agrotechnical anodiwa pakurima kwayo.

Zvinyorwa zvinotsanangurwa

Orlovym - apple sredneroslaya (kusvika pamamiriyoni mashanu muhupamhi), kukura zvakanyanya, uye yakapoteredza, yakasvibiswa korona. Iine chimiro chechikafu chepuroti nematavi makuru, kazhinji akawanikwa uye anowedzera kubva pachiganda pane imwe nzvimbo yakarurama. Bhakisa pamatanda uye mashizha mashizha emvura yakadzika mavara machena, zvishoma. Imwe mikuru inobatsira, kunze kwekukurumidza kwezvirimwa izvi, ndeyekukohwa kwakanakisisa - kubva pa1 hectare, kusvika kune mazana mana emichero yemichero inogadzirwa. Tsika dzevechidiki dzinokwanisa kupa makirogiramu makumi mashanu kubva pamiti pamwaka, vanhu vakuru - 80-100 kg. Miti yemapuro Orlovim inewo nguva yakaoma yechando, kuchengetedza nguva dzenguva shoma kusvika -30-32 ° C. Anofanirwawo kukosha kwekuramba kwake ganda - denda risingaperi rezvibereko zvezvibereko. Zvisinei, mumwe anofanirwa kufunga kuti kupfuura kwenguva, kudzivirirwa kwedambudziko iri pedyo nemuti kunoderedzwa.

Zvibereko

Orlovim iyi muti wemapuro, kuibva kwezvibereko zvayo mumamiriro ekunze emunharaunda yeMoscow uye Orel munharaunda inoitika kumavira kwaAugust. Zvokuchengetedza kwavo, kufanana nemarudzi akawanda ezhizha, hazvisi zvakasiyana-siyana - hazvipfuuri kwehafu nehafu muchitsime chakasvibira kana firiji. Zvibereko zvemasvikiro mashoma, kusvika pamagiramu 130 kusvika ku80, zvakafukidzwa neganda rakasviba rinopenya rinoshandura ruvara panguva yekusimwa: kubva ku-greenish kusvika kumucheka wakajeka nemitsvuku yakatsvuku, kuvhara apulo nehesi yebvudzi.
Nyama yemaapuro ishuga-dense, yakasviba yakawanda ine unhu hwakanaka-mukaka ruvara, ine inotapira (ine chishuwo chinooneka) chikafu chinonaka uye chikafu chinonaka chemaapulo.

Zvichipa zvakakosheswa zvakarongwa zvezvipembenene izvi, varimi vakawanda vanotenda kuti Orlovim - muti wemapuro, yakakosha yekukura mumasango emumaguta. Tinodzidza pamusoro pezvinhu zve teknolojia yekurima.

Landing

Chinonyanya kukosha pakuvimbisa kukura kwakanaka, kubudirira kubudirira uye kubereka kwetsika ndiyo yakasimwa yakakodzera, iyo inofanirwa kuziva nekuchengeta mitemo mitemo. Orlovim (muti wemapuro, tsanangudzo yeiyo inowanikwa munyaya yacho) inoratidzika rudo, haifariri shading, saka nzvimbo yacho yakasimwa pasi pekuzaruka, kwezuva, yakarohwa uye isina kuswedera pedyo nemvura pasi pevhu. Kugadzikana kwakadzika kwekuitika kwavo hakusi pasi pe2-2,5 m. Zvakakodzera zvakakodzera kuti zvirimwa zvinyorovhura zvitsvene kubva kumaodzanyemba kana kumaodzanyemba kumadokero kwebindu.

Orlovym muti wemapuro unosarudza chiedza, mvura isina kusununguka uye mhepo inoputika yakasvibiswa kana sandyasi inoshamiswa neine simba asiri. Kugadzirira kugadzirwa kwevhu kunodiwa: inobviswa uye, kana zvichidikanwa, rime. Kuyera kwegomba rekumhanya kunowirirana - 50-60 cm muhupamhi, 80-100 cm muhupamhi. Mazuva matanhatu asati adyara yakazadzwa nevhu rakaorera rinosanganiswa rine nheyo yevhu, humus, 50 g. Urea. Pakarepo usati wadyara, chengetedza midzi yemidyara uye kubvisa midzi yakakuvara kana yakafa. Pakati pegomba, danda rinowanikwa, iro richava kurutivi rwokumusoro rwemuti uye kushanda sekutsigirwa kwechokwadi. Mutsipa wemukomana wemuapuro muti muduku haugoni kuvigwa, unofanira kuva wa 3-5 cm kumusoro kwepasi. Mushure mokudyara, ivhu rakagadzirwa kuitira kuti pakasava nemapokisi emhepo yakasiyiwa kumativi ose, iwo anopa mvura uye mbeu yacho inosungirirwa zvakakwana kune cola.

Nzira yekuchengeta Orlovim

Muti wemapuro, tsanangudzo yeiyo inoratidzwa, isinganzwisisi uye haitomiri chero zvakakosha pamushandi wekurima, asi tinonyora matanho anodiwa ekugadzirira kutarisira. Kudiridza kunotarisirwa kwezvibereko zvose zvemichero, asi mugore rokutanga mushure mekudyara, hazvidiwi. Izvo zvinomuka chete gore rinotevera: munguva yechinyakare, dambudziko remaminerari fertilizer uye yakakwirira-ye-organics inowanikwa mumatanda emuti kuti akurudzire kukura, mukutenga ivhu pasi pemapuroti-miti inodonhwa kubva pamapupa e-opal, akasunungurwa uye akakomberedzwa ne humus. Kuti adzore kuparadzwa kwezvipembenene zvepembenene uye kuwedzerwa kwepamusoro pamapuranga panguva iyo inoyerera, mbeu yacho inoshandiswa nemhinduro ye microelements (somuenzaniso, manganese, boron).

Kunwisa zvirimwa zvakakosha, kwechinguvana (kubva munaApril kusvika kuAgasti) inonyatsodiridza kakawanda, kutungamirirwa nemamiriro ekunze. Mushure mokukohwa, simiti yakagadzirirwa nguva yechando: kufukidza tsvina kubva kumakonzo (kana kuti whiten), kusunungura uye kusungira ivhu.

Trimming

Ita korona yemuti inotanga nechitsime chinotevera gore rekudyara. Iyo inoitwa kunze kwekutanga kwekufambisa kwemafuta, kupa korona iyo yaidiwa uye kubvisa matavi akaremara, akaputsika uye asina kukwira. Kudyora kunokosha kune zvibereko zvezvibereko. Kwete chimwe chinhu uye maapuroti Orlovim. Zvipupuriro zvevarimi vanoziva zvakajeka: kusiya maapuro uye kuitika kwezvirwere hazvidziviriki, kana kusasima kuumbwa nekutswa kwetsvina.