Okugadzira zvinhu uye Biography pamusoro Osip Mandelstam

Pakati dzakawanda zvinoshamisa nyaya huru vomunyika Biography pamusoro Osip Mandelstam, kunyange asina dzinounzwa rinokosha zvikuru, asi achiri kurangarira nokuda kwayo nenjodzi. Panguva upenyu hwake hupfupi, akapupurira nokumukirana maviri, uko kunoratidzwa kwete chete nenyika yake, asiwo nhetembo. Kunze izvi, Osip Mandelstam basa rinosanganisira prose, vakawanda essays, essays, shanduro uye mabhuku kutsoropodza.

udiki

Osip Emilevich Mandelshtam, muJudha pakuberekwa, akaberekwa muna January 1891 muguta guru wePolish, izvo pamazuva iwayo akanzi Russia. Pakarepo mushure aberekwa mhuri mwanakomana wake vakatamira St. Petersburg. Aemilius Veniaminovich, baba vomukomana, akaita gurovhisi bhizimisi mupenyu, uyewo mushambadzi aiva wokutanga chikwata, saka achisimudzira chinzvimbo zvakanaka munzanga. mai vake, Flora Verblovskaya, akadzidza mumhanzi, rudo iyo nhaka kubva muduku uye Mandelstam. Osip iri kubva muna 1900 kusvika 1907 akadzidza panguva nomukurumbira dzidzo Tenishev chikoro rwaaimboparadza vakagamuchira Nabokov. Apedza, vabereki kutumira mwanakomana wake kuna Paris, uye gare gare - mu Germany (nokuda mari). Panguva Sorbonne akapinda hurukuro zhinji, akasangana nhetembo French uye asangana shamwari yake ramangwana - Nikolai Gumilyov.

Homecoming

Zvinosuruvarisa mhuri Mandelstam kukanganiswa 1911, uye Osip akadzokera St. Petersburg. Mugore iroro akanga muuto University of St. Petersburg munhoroondo-philological fakaroti, asi haana vanokwanisa kuwana dzidzo kuguma vanozvidzwa pamberi, uye anodzingwa muna 1917. Panguva iyi, netsitsi dzake political zvakapiwa Left Socialist-kuipandukira uye Social Democrats. Iyewo nokushingaira inoparidza Marxism. Okugadzira zvinhu Osip Mandelstam akaumba kuzopindazve French munguva hwake, uye nhetembo vokutanga kuonekwa "Apollo" Journal of Chiedza 1910.

"Shop Poets"

Saka zvinofungirwa kuti vadetembi vari nguva dzose zvinodiwa neshamwari enzvimbo imwe chokubuda. Group "vadetembi chitoro" yaisanganisira zvakadai unhu nomukurumbira sezvo Gumilev, Akhmatova, Sergei Gorodetsky, uye, chokwadi, misangano kazhinji vakapinda Mandelstam. Osip mumakore ake okutanga yaitarisira okufananidzira, asi akazova muteveri acmeism seshamwari dzake dzepedyo kubva kirabhu. Tsanga ichi kuitika zviri pachena, chaizvoizvo mifananidzo uye zvakajeka. Saka, muna 1913, kuunganidzwa rokutanga nhetembo ne Mandelstam akadana "Stone" akaita vaumbe mweya kwayo acmeism. Mumakore iwayo chete, iye anotaura pachena, vachishanyira "kurasika Dog" uye akaziva Blok, Tsvetaeva uye Livshits.

amakore outorwa

Biography Osipa Mandelshtama iyi rukayerera chaizvo. Kana kutanga Hondo Yenyika I, nokuda zvoutano nokuda pamberi nyanduri rinomupotsa. Asi yaifamba 1917 chaizvo chainyatsoratidza mune mashoko ake. Ake kwouzivi enyika maonero zvakachinja zvakare, panguva ino muchifarira Bolsheviks. Akanyora nhetembo zhinji, mambo uye hondo. Panguva iyi akawana dzakawanda mukurumbira uye kubudirira, anoenda kushingaira munyika uye iri nokudhindwa mabhuku akasiyana-siyana. Unknown zvinokonzera mukurudzire kutamira Kiev, kwaaigara panguva mukadzi ramangwana Osipa Mandelshtama, Nadezhda Hazina. Vasati varoorana, akagumisa muna 1922, ndiyo nguva yokuva muCrimea, apo akanga akasungwa ari nokufungirana of Bolshevik ungwaru. A gore pashure nokubudiswa wematambudziko anotumira naye Georgia. Zvisinei, varipo vakamirira kuti kushamisika hachifadzi. Akaiswa zvakare akapfigirwa, asi nemhaka kuitwa omunzvimbo navo, iye anokwanisa kutiza nokukurumidza.

Upenyu uye basa Soviet Russia

Achangobva kushumira mujeri Georgia Biography Osipa Mandelshtama zvakare anodzoka yake yaakaberekerwa Petrograd. Aaiita pokuchinja kunooneka inotevera muunganidzwa nhetembo pasi rokuti Tristia, iyo inobudiswa 1922 muBerlin. Ipapo chinobatanidza pachake pamwe matsvene zvisungo Nadezhda. In nemabasa nguva anotonga nderamafuta nhamo, zvichiteverwa kupanga pokusiyana tsika, vanhu uye nzvimbo. Pashure paizvozvo, mudetembi Osip Mandelstam anoenda nehope uye kuramba tichishanda dambudziko nhetembo, pakutanga zvinofadza mafeni ane ndima shoma, iyo inoratidza kusuwa pamusoro rufu yekare tsika. Zvino yemakore mashanu (1925 kusvika 1930) uye havana kunyora chinhu, kunze prose. Kuti zvimwe kurarama mune ezvinhu akaoma, izvozvo anoshandura. Yechitatu uye yokupedzisira muunganidzwa nyore vanoda "Poems" rakabudiswa muna 1928. In ichi akanga inoita zvikuru Bukharin, uyo asiri nzvimbo rokupedzisira iri Kremlin. Zvisinei, vatsigiri Stalin, ari kuunganidza simba, vachitsvaka chero chokumupomera kuti kutsiva nyanduri.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Biography Osipa Mandelshtama ari 30s anoriisa pamwe nomudzimai wake kuCaucasus, riri kwete pasina rubatsiro uye dzichikunetsa Bukharin. Asi, ndiwo mukana kutizira pakutambudzwa pane vamwe. Osipu Emilevichu nzendo kubatsira kudzorera kufarira nhetembo, zvichiguma muunganidzwa essays "Rwendo Rwokuenda Armenia", izvo, zvisinei, akanga nekuraswa dzidziso. Pashure 3 makore nyanduri anodzokera kumba. maonero ake vari kuchinja zvakare, sepakutanga vairemekedza mwoyo komiyunizimu pfungwa dzomutauro wokutanga dzingasajeka zvachose pfungwa dzake. Kubva peni yake scandalous epigram "Kremlin mountaineer", iro akaverenga kubva kuziva voruzhinji. Pavanhu ava ndiyo nomutengesi, uyo ichimhanyira audze Stalin. Muna 1934, Osip akamirira mumwe kusungwa uye nhapwa Perm, apo ari pamwe mudzimai akatendeka. Ikoko anoedza kuzviuraya, asi kuedza wakasungwa chinomwiwa. Pashure paizvozvo, vobva akatumwa Voronezh. Zvaiva imomo akanga akanyorwa yakanakisisa uye achangobuda nhetembo akasaina "Osip Mandelstam", Biography zvinhu uye izvo akagura 1938.

rufu

Muna 1937, mudetembi uye wake vakadzokera Moscow. Zvisinei, pakazopera gore, akanga zvakare asungwa muna Samatihe. Ake makore mashanu apiwa dzidzo mumisasa. Sezvineiwo, zviri anorwara typhus, kushanda pane imwe nzvimbo pedyo Vladivostok, naro dies. Vakawanda nhetembo dzake dzakararama anoonga zvinoitwa wake. Munzendo dzake, uye anobatanidza wakavanza mabasa wake kana nomusoro. Mandelstam akavigwa vakawanda muguva.