Nzira yekuziva hukuru hwe violin. Mazai e violins nezera

Zvidzidzo zvemwana muchikoro chemimhanzi zvinoda nguva dzose kubereka mukusarudzwa kwechiridzwa chemimhanzi. Apo panouya nguva yekumutevera iye kuchitoro, mubvunzo wokutanga unobvunzwa nevabereki: "Ungaziva sei ukuru hwe violin?"

Zvechokwadi, kukunda-kukunda chisarudzo ndechokusarudza chidziro nemudzidzisi. Achakwanisa kuongorora violin mumatambudziko ose uye anosarudza yakanakisisa inowanikwa mumwero wekuratidzira, nokuti kunyange midzi midziyo yekufeya inogona kusiyanisa pakati pavo pachavo. Zvisinei, mukana wakadaro hausi nguva dzose, uye zvino vabereki vanofanira kugadzirira zvishoma muchikamu chezvinyorwa, nokuti chokwadi zvinhu zvose hazvisi zvakaoma sezvazvinoratidzika.

Terminology

Kukura kwe violin mumakiromita kunogona kusiyanasiyana kubva kune vakasiyana-siyana vanogadzira, izvi zvinoshandiswa kune zvose fektri uye zvidzidzo zvemhando, asi kune zviyero zvepasi rose, saka pano panofanira kugadzirira mutongi kana masentimita. Asi kutanga kwezvose, ngatinzwisise mazwi okuti "hafu", "kotanhatu", "yose", etc. Zita rose iropin 4/4 (mana mana), iyi violin yakakura. Zviduku zviduku muhukuru zvinodanwa, somuenzaniso, "hafu" (kureva, hafu yega kana 1/2), "kotanhatu" - 1/4, "masere" - 1/8. Aya mazita anoponesa akabva kumashoko acho, maererano, iyo yose, hafu, yechina uye yechisere, asi hukuru hwemashoko akadaro hauna kuwana.

Nzira yekuziva hukuru hwe violin

Kuti uwane kuti chiyero che violin chii, unofanidza kuchiyera nenzira mbiri:

1. Kureba kubva kumudzimai (musoro) kusvika pasi pebato (kusina bhodhi, chikamu pane iyo musoro unowanikwa).
2. Kureba kubva pamapfudzi (chikamu apo mutsipa unopera kumashure kwe violin) kusvika pasi pechigadziko (kusingaverengi urefu hwe "chitsitsinho" chinoputika kubva kumashure apo mutsipa unosungirirwa padanda).

Izvi zviyero uye rubatsiro runoratidza hukuru hwe violin:

• Chiyero chemasendimita 60/35 chakafanana ne violin yose;
• 57.2 cm / 34.4 cm - hukuru 7/8;
• 53.3 cm / 33 cm - ukuru 3/4;
• 52 cm / 31.7 cm - hukuru 1/2;
• 48.25 cm / 28 cm - hukuru 1/4;
• 43 cm / 25 cm - ukuru ihwohwo 1/8;
• 40.6 cm / 22.9 masikati - mashizha 1/10;
• 36.8 cm / 20.3 cm - hukuru 1/16;
• 32 cm / 19 cm - ukuru ihwohwo 1/32.

Zvisinei, inofanira kutarirwa mupfungwa kuti dzimwe nguva kusiyana kwehukuru hwevhirinini yakakwana kubva kune vamwe vanogadzira kana kubva kumakero akasiyana kunokwanisa kusvika maviri masentimita. Asi huwandu hwepasitadhi hahuna hanya, uye kazhinji hunosiyana kwete chete pakati pevatenzi vakasiyana, asiwo pakati pezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvemhando dzakasiyana, izvo zvinowanzodzokorora kuenzana kweizivikanwa chero ipi zvayo inonzi violins, sainzi Stradivari kana Guarneri.

Mazai e violins nezera

Dhiyabhorosi yedhadharo yevadzidzi inogona kukanganisa hukuru hunokosha hwe violin, zvose muhukuru uye zviduku. Dzimwe nguva kunyange munhu mukuru anogona, kuburikidza nehupenyu hwake, anotamba violin 7/8, asi, sekutonga, violin yemwana inofanira kushandura makore maviri ose.

Match tafura tafura / makore

Tinokupa tafura paunogona kunyatsoziva kuti zera ripi rinomirira humwe hukuru hwe violins:

• 1/32 - kubva pa1 gore kusvika kumakore matatu.
• 1/16 - kubva pamakore matatu kusvika kumashanu.
• 1/10 - 4-5 makore.
• 1/8 - 4-6 makore.
• 1/4 - makore mashanu.
• 1/2 - 7-9 makore.
• 3/4 - makore 9-12.
• 7/8 - 11 wemakore uye vanhu vakuru vane maoko maduku.
• 4/4 - 11-12 ane makore uye vanhu vakuru.

Inofanira kuonekwa kuti hukama hwakadaro hunosiyana.

Kana pasina mutongi, asi mwana ndiye

Zvisinei, kuitira kuti musarudze zvakanaka uswa hwe violin kumwana, hazvidikanwi kuita zviyero zvakajeka, kune nzira yakajeka. Zvakakosha kuti muimbi wechidiki akachera ruoko rwake rworuboshwe zvishoma kurutivi, asingatambudzi, ndokuisa violin kuruboshwe rwake rworuboshwe. Kana hukuru hwe violin huchienderana, musoro wayo (kupisa) huchava pakati pechindwe, uye zvigunwe zvichange zvichinyatsonzwisisa.

Izvi zvinofanira kuitika kana iwe usingakwanisi kubvunza mudzidzisi usati watenga, kana kana mwana ane zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha (somuenzaniso, zvakanyanya kwazvo kana zviduku zvezera rake).

Chiri shanduko

Saka, unonzwisisa sei kuti mwana akakura kubva mu violin? Zvakakwana kuita zvinoshandiswa zvinorondedzerwa pamusoro pegore rimwe nerimwe. Kana musoro we violin uripo pakutanga kwechindwe kana kunyange pabracha pachayo, inguva yekuenderera mberi kusvika kuhukuru hukuru.

Kazhinji vadzidzisi vanotengesa uye vanotengesa zvishandisi pakati pevadzidzi vavo, izvo zvinobatsira zvikuru. Mukuwedzera, pane mamwe masangano maitiro akadaro apo violin inotengwa navo inoshandiswa nehomwe yepamusoro kune imwe huru, iyo inofanirwawo chaizvo, saka usafungidzira kuti kudzidzisa mwana kune zvidzitiro zvinosanganiswa nematambudziko makuru. Musika ikozvino wakazara nemhando yakawanda yezvishandisi zveChinese, izvo, zvichida, hazvina kunaka, asi hazvina mari.

Pane humwe humwe hunoti: dzimwe nguva unogona kutora violin zvishoma pane zvaunoda. Izvi zvinoshanda kune izvo zvinonzi mazamu akaenzana, kunyanya ukuru hwema 7/8, nokuti, zvichienderana nekukura kwemucheche, chigadzirwa ichi chinoda kuchinja mushure memwedzi 3-9.

Zvisinei, kune chipiri chechipiri: kutamba zviduku zviduku zviri nyore, saka usatora violin maviri kana matatu masero makuru. Izvi zvinotungamirira kukunamatira kwechibvumirano uye kusadzivirirwa kwepamusoro pemisungo. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvakadaro nenzira yakarurama, kana mwana ari pamba kazhinji kana kwete zvachose. Saka, gadzirirai kuti kana iwe ukachengetedza pane chiridzwa, uchichitenga "pakukura", zvichida, iwe uchaita kuti mwana wacho anyatsopesana nemabasa acho, nokuti havazobatanidzi chete nekunetseka nguva dzose, asi kunyange kurwadziwa (nemutambo wakareba). Funga kuti zvakakosha here kuponesa, apo kusarudzwa kukuru kwemajeri kunowanikwa mumusika wezviridzwa zvemimhanzi, uye iwe unogonawo kutarisa zvimwe zvakasiyana mumasangano e violin.

Pane pfungwa yokuti violin duku inonzwika uye yakaoma kudarika yose. Muzviitiko zvakawanda izvi ndezvechokwadi, asi zvinongoshanda kune zvishandisi zvegetsi. Mapurogiramu akawanda anoita violin yakanaka ye7/8/8, nenzira ipi zvayo yakaderera kune yose, saka kana iwe uine maoko mashoma, haufaniri "kurwisana" ne violin yose, zvino zvinoita kusarudza shanduro yekodhi yemushamba wepakati.

Mibvunzo nezvemiseve

Kusarudzwa kwehuta ndiyo yechipiri, asi kwete basa risina kukosha. Hafu pfupi uta hunopedzisira hunoita kuti munhu apedze mupfungwa uye kupera kwakasimba kweruoko rworudyi (mudzidzi acharamba achidzivisa kufamba, achiziva kuti uta hunopfupika). Nguva yakareba uta hunenge husina kukodzera, kunyange kana usingakwanisi kutora ukuru hwakakodzera, zvino ndiyo yakanakisisa ndiyo "kukura", asi izvi ndizvo zvakanyanya, uye zvose zvinofanira kubvumirana nemudzidzisi. Mukuwedzera, uta hwemudzidzi haufaniri kunge hwakaremera. Chisarudzo chisina kunaka chinogona kukanganisa kwete chete kuisa kwemaoko, asiwo hutano hwomudzidzi.

Nzira yekusarudza uta sei

Izvo zviyero zvehuta hwe violin zvinotungamirirwa nemitemo yakafanana neyakakura yechiridzwa pachayo.

Mutongi achabatsirazve mukusarudza, asi iye zvino mitezo yevadzidzi yasvika. Kureba kwemaoko kubva pamapfudzi kusvika kuruoko ndiko mutungamiri wakarurama munyaya iyi, asi usakanganwa kuti izvi zvinoshanda chete kuvana, vanhu vakuru vanotamba neuta 4/4:

• 1/32 - pasi pe 35.5 cm;
• 1/16 - 35.5 cm;
• 1/10 - 38 cm;
• 1/8 - 42 cm;
• 1/4 - 45.7-47 cm;
• 1/2 - 50.8 cm;
• 3/4 - 54.6-56 cm;
• 7/8 - 56 cm nemaoko mashoma;
• 4/4 - 58 cm uye kupfuura.

Mukuwedzera, zvinokwanisika kuziva chiyero chakakodzera pakuita nenzira yakarurama sezvinobvira. Zvakakosha kuisa uta hwetambo nechokumusoro, asi bhokwe rinofanira kunge risina unbent. Kana zviyero zviduku, ruoko rworudyi haruzogadziri kusvika pakuguma, uye kana rwakanaka-ruoko rworudyi ruchakuvadzwa shure, kwete kutungamirira uta kusvikira kumugumo.

Sei zvakakosha kusarudza ukuru hwakakodzera?

Kana chinhu chiri chiduku kana chikuru, chinoratidzika chisina kunaka, asi hachina. Asi chiyero chakanaka che violin ndiyo danho rokutanga pakudzidza unyanzvi hwakaoma, nokuti kana zvichizoitika kuva zvishoma kana zvishoma pane zvakakosha, zvichange zvakaoma mudzidzi kwete kungoita zvirongwa zvakakwana zvemaoko, asiwo kuti azvinzwisise.

Zvose zviito mumutambo zvinofanira kuendeswa kushanduka uye hazvikonzeri kusuruvara, izvo zvisingabviri nechimbo chisina kusarudzwa.