Nemamiriro womunhu bapu

mapapu Human tiri chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvomukati kuti kunokosha ivepo. Kufema sokuti saka dzinongoitika, asi chaizvoizvo munguva mumuviri yedu pane pezvakaitwa zvakaoma kuti pave zvokurarama nazvo edu. Kuti nani kuzvinzwisisa, unofanira kuziva sechivako mumapapu.

Panguva kufema mhepo ichipfuura principales maviri, vane yakasiyana yakarongeka. Kusiyiwa kunopfuura kurudyi, asi izvozvo kakawanda muviri vatorwa anopinda kufema maitiro kuburikidza kurudyi bronchus. mitumbi ava ramifications. Pamusoro kupinda kurudyi zvemapapu iri mapazi vakapinda nhatu, uye akasiyiwa 2 zvinoenderana, izvo unoenderana nokuwanda zvemapapu lobes.

Sechivako mapapu rakanyatsojeka yakaoma, nokuti mukati kwavari principales bazi kunyika dzakawanda duku segmental principales. Uyewo, vakanga kupfuura vakapinda lobular principales zvinosanganisirwa lobules pakati mumapapu. Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti nemamiriro mumapapu, asingazivi kuti zvikuru lobular principales zviri mazviri (pane anenge 1000). Vnutridolevye principales vane kusvika mapazi 18 (chinouraya bronchioles) kuti havana mu masvingo dzavo shwashwa. Izvi chinouraya bronchioles vanoumba STRUCTURAL chezvinonhuwira chiedza - acinus.

Sechivako mumapapu zviri nyore kudzidza, tichiziva chii ari acinus. Ichi chikwata STRUCTURAL iri muzvizhinji kuti Formação de (nomukaka kufema bronchioles). masvingo dzavo gasi Exchange zvinhu substrate, uye nzvimbo panguva zvizere inhalation ungasvika 100 sq.m. Kudeuka tatamuka ravo kufema pamusoro kunoitika panguva yechiitwa.

Bronchopulmonary chidimbu ndiyo chikamu zvemapapu akafukidza, iyo ventilated principales 3 Unorudzi branching akafukidza bronchus. Mumwe ane yoga broncho-vascular pedicle (tsinga uye bronchus). Segmental nemamiriro zvemapapu rave pachena nzira padanho kukura nokuvhiya. Kodzero zvemapapu 10 zvikamu, uye kuruboshwe - 8. Nokuda chokwadi kuti yakawanikwa weboka pulmonary bronchopulmonary zvikamu, zvakakwanisika kubvisa kwakakanganisa nhengo dzomuviri pamwe kunonyanyisa ndichengetedze ayo utano zvikamu.

Mumuviri uyu kusiyanisa zvinotevera hukawanika: mediastinal, diafragmentalnuyu, rumbabvu. Munguva mediastinum ndivo vanonzi "masuo". Kuburikidza navo, mapapu vari principales, arteries, uye tsinga, uye kusiya node midziyo uye pulmonary mutsinga. Zvivako zvose izvi vanonzi "pamudzi zvemapapu."

Mumapapu vanoparadzaniswa grooves akasiyana pakadzika uye yakareba. Vanobvumirana zvinyama kusvika mumapapu pachavo gedhi. Pane 3 akafukidza rworudyi zvemapapu (pasi, pamusoro, pakati) uye 2 kuruboshwe (yakaderera, repamusoro). Lower lobes ndivo kupfuura.

The nemamiriro chiedza chichava kukwana uye vanodzinga visceral pleura kuti vafukidze mumwe zvemapapu nharaunda uye mudzi chimiro "parietal Gwaro" lining madziro thoracal mhango. Zvayaiva therebetween kucheka-kufanana mhango, chikamu unonzi sinuses (riri pakati parietal rukoko). The guru pleural sinus vaiona costophrenic (nyore pamupendero chikawira panguva kufuridzirwa).

The mamiriro iri nyore akatsanangura kwemasayendisiti kuitika mavari munguva kufema. Mumuviri uyu 2 kusiyanisa vascular ezvinhu: denderedzwa diki (zvinosanganisira mutsinga uye arteries, vanobatanidzwa gasi Exchange), guru wokufambisa (zvinosanganisira Árbol arteries uye mutsinga, achizivisa arterial ropa kuti muviri uye upenyu rutsigiro nemapapu pachavo). By hunhu hwavo branching pulmonary mutsinga akafanana tsinga, asi ivo vakasiyana variability yavo. Ndivo anokonzera rirambe richibvira samambure lobules, interlobular connective rinenge Árbol sepombi uye visceral pleura. Nokuti rirambe richibvira network vakaumba interlobular mutsinga kubatanidzwa nomumwe pamwe chete. Of avo makuru mutsinga akaumba pakukoka pedyo principales. Of zvakarurama uye segmental mutsinga neimwe chiedza mutsinga vaviri akaumba: okumusoro (hukuru dzakasiyana chaizvo). Voparadzwa voga vari atrium kuruboshwe.

Kuwanda Árbol arteries ndiyo impermanent. It yemakomo kubva 2 kusvika 6. Muna 50% nyaya kwevanhu 4 Árbol arteries pakukoka noruvara kuruboshwe uye kodzero huru bronchus. Havasi bedzi arteries ari principales, wakapiwa davi akasiyana nhengo yacho mediastinum. Tanga arteries kurudyi riri zvinyama pakati yegurokuro uye trachea, kana pasi pamberi (pakati node nodes). Kusiyiwa tsinga riri zvinyama pazasi trachea uye pasi kutsemuka chematenga. Inside the zvemapapu tsinga vari zvinyama achitevedza principales uye, branching panze, kutamba zvakananga basa muropa wedzerai vamwe nhengo dzayo uye pleura. Munguva kufema bronchioles, vanorasikirwa vaizvitora ukoshi uye vanopfuura kupinda rirambe richibvira hurongwa.

All midziyo ropa mumapapu chokuita nomumwe. Kuwedzera kune vakawanda rirambe richibvira zvakarukwa uye kusiyanisa vneorgannye intraorgan anastomoses, interconnecting mbiri riparadzirwe.

The nhengo dzinobudisa Hurongwa ine chikuru rirambe richibvira network plexus ine nhengo dzinobudisa midziyo mukati nhengo, efferent midziyo, intrapulmonary uye extrapulmonary node nodes. Kusiyanisa zvachero uye zvakadzama lymphatics.

Source innervation of mapapu - etsinga plexus uye mediastinal hunde dzacho inoumbwa mapazi tsitsi, vagus, musana uye phrenic tsinga.